• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.79-101
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• 2002

The present study was to investigate the psychological characteristics of Urie(義理; interpersonal morality) in Korean interpersonal relationships in terms of qualitative approach and quantitative approach. In study 1, the authors developed an open-ended questionnaire focused on Urie behavior and not Urie behavior. The results revealed that helping, trusting, and caring behaviors and historicality were the key elements of Urie relationships. On the other hand, selfish and distrusting behaviors disrupted Urie relationships. In study 2, the authors conducted video experiment in order to study how the subjects interpret and understand Urie phenomenon. This video stimulus composed of love and friendship. The main characters showed their conflicts between love and friendship. Thus, subjects were asked to answer their interpretations and understandings about what was going on according to the scene. In study 3, we made three kinds of scenarios which were constituted in conflict situation between close friends who works together at their own company. If one asks some favors to you against social justice, how do you do? Most subjects evaluated the whistle blowing behavior as moral and just. However, they evaluated the insider as not good friend. They evaluated one who did favor even though that behavior was socially unjust as good friend and having Urie. Consequently, Korean people emphasize on their human relationships in everyday life. Urie relationship is built in close and Cheong relationship.

• 건강소식
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.16-17
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• 2014

이 정도연 그의 진정성을 인정할 때도 되지 않았을까? 데뷔 이래로 일편단심 '의리'만 외치는 김보성의 진심이 드디어 빛을 발했다. 나 혼자만 잘살겠다는 이기적인 사람들 속에서 더불어 살자며 '의리'를 지키는 김보성은 대중이 진정으로 원하는 스타다. 의리를 잃은 사회에 던지는 돈키호테 같은 그의 순수한 진심이 인터뷰 내내 전해졌다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.97-129
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• 2008

Sin-jeokdo (Hogye, 1574-1663) was a general of patriotic army who protected the region of Euseong at the time of Qing dynasty's invasion in 1627(Jungmyo) and 1636(Byongja). He was an prominent figure outside government as well as a faithful confucian who spent his life with reading and teaching junior scholars after disgraceful treaty in the year of Byongja. Hogye understood the neo-Confucianism in terms of the whole duty of men(綱常) and righteousness(義理) which was in the status of sole official academic subject and thought its practice only hinged upon the practice of filial piety and brotherly love together with loyalty and sincerity based on morals between sovereign and subject, father and son. He, therefore, emphasized that the righteousness only can be accomplished by dying of children and subjects for filial piety and fidelity respectively, at the time of commotion. This was his spirit of righteousness which repelled Japanese army in the Imjin War and he insisted on defeating Japanese army in accordance with this spirit. Hogye's practice of righteousness is grounded on the spirit of Chosun Confucianism which stressed actual practices of moral principles and duties. His practice of righteousness shows internalized cultural sinocentrism and moral-centric, ethic-centric characteristic of Chosun Confucianism. Moreover, the moral consciousness which was shown in Hogye's thought helped to keep Korean's pride and observe morality and it served itself as a basis of commencement of nationalistic military, religious movements afterwards.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.283-317
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• 2017

Issues over morality and profit usually address relations between moral principles and material gains. In the history of traditional Oriental philosophy, discussions about them were called "Yi-Li zhi bian." The ideas of Confucius and Mencius also contain various discussions about Yi-Li. Both Confucius and Mencius defined Yi as a value concept to represent "natural," "appropriate" or "just" and regarded Yi as an external moral principle on the one hand and an internal moral emotion on the other hand. They had, at the same time, differences, as well. While Confucius placed importance on the external and acquired nature of Yi as a goal of morality, Mencius argued for the internal and innate nature of Yi as the nature of morality partially while recognizing its externality overall. Such Yi is a general term for subjective moral emotions and objective moral principles. Li was a concept of fact to represent "gain," "profit" or "profit-making." Both of them were against private interest and emphasized public interest. As for their differences, Confucius was positive about Li to some degree by saying "One should think of Yi when making profit," whereas Mencius was almost negative about Li and perceived it to be for Yi by saying "One should give up even his own life for Yi." He meant Li's dependence on Yi and also Yi's absoluteness for Ri. Both of them found a mix of opposite features in Yi such as internality and externality, subjectivity and objectivity, specificity and generality, and uniqueness and universality and also in Li such as individuality and specialty and public and private interest. Those features have both disadvantages including theoretical irrationality and logical contradiction and advantages including ideological diversity and conceptual polysemy. If efforts are made to avoid their disadvantages and highlight their advantages, they will provide some elements to consult in the creation of new global ethics required today when East and West are becoming one. In the modern society, the Yi-Li issues can be divided into the issues of morality and economy, personal and social profit, and moral ideal and material gain. If these modern Yi-Li issues are combined with the traditional Yi-Li issues, two paths will emerge over the order of Yi-Li. Of the many perceptions of Yi-Li issues of Confucius and Mencius, the idea of "Yi First, Li Later" can be very useful for creating a new ethics theory to represent "humanism" that we all need today when everyone considers their own pursuit of profit and satisfaction of needs as the best values. Sound Yi-Li relations will be possible only through Yi's orientation toward externality based on internality and Li's pursuit of private interest on the premise of public interest according to the spirit of "Yi First, Li Later."

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.135-159
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• 2009

Since the military servants' rebellion, the society of the Goryeo(高麗) dynasty had been getting into crisis worse and worse until late in it. Late in the 14th century, the society was constantly meeting tension and chaos including decline of the Yuan(元) dynasty, sudden rise of the Ming(明) dynasty and etc. This study is aimed to investigate the idea of justice and theory of governing advocated by Yaeun Jeon Nok Saeng, who lived in such tensed and chaotic era. Under the circumstance that threatened the national power of the Goryeo dynasty in the era where the Yuan dynasty changed to Ming dynasty, his idea of justice was expressed as "Theory for Friendship with Ming and Against Yuan", which was proposed in the aspect of considering the safety and maintenance of the nation and getting back the original national power of a country Goryeo. He thought that you should not make your people bothered by or troubled in their works but you should make them concentrate on their jobs for living to govern them eased. He emphasized that you should focus on stability of people's welfare in gentle ways not bothering your people even a little bit because he thought that the situation of that era looked like a thread bobbin so that it could get naturally and easily twisted if you went in hurry.

• Venture DIGEST
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• s.80
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• pp.32-32
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• 2005

젊고 Fresh한 생각을 가진 사람들이 제대로 틈새시장을 공략했다. 도전을 두려워하지 않고 열린 마음을 갖는 것이 진정한 벤처인이라는 이들 하나기전(대표 이준한)의 의리파 식구들. 그 패기와 열정으로 이번엔 세계시장에서의 성공신화를 꿈꾼다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

This study aims to contribute to our knowledge on gender role identity of middle-aged women within the Korean context. This research adapting Q methodology created a sampling distribution of P with 40 middle-aged women between 40-60 years old. We put each of 40 Q samples to become a forced distribution into 9 scales. And then we conducted a secondary analysis of the results from the principal component factor analysis by the PC QUANL program. Gender role identities of middle aged women were classified as four types: "affectionate-sensitive type", "affectionate-confident type", "assertive-confident type", and "sensitive-dominant type". Most of the middle-aged women in Korea tend to keep their original gender role identities. Some of women, however, experience the gender role identity change over time that their traits of traditional caring become more prominent than their affectionate character.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.297-325
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• 2017

In this paper, the ideological features of Mohism were examined through the analysis into the viewpoint of Mohism on justice and benefit and "universal love" based on it. Even before the viewpoint on justice and benefit became a main agenda in Confucianism, Mohism and the Hundred Schools of Thought, there had been discussions on it, and the relation between "justice" and "benefit" was generally understood as that of means and ends(本末) or that of the thing and its functions(體用). What succeeded to this tendency and set it as an individual's moral standard was the viewpoint of Confucianism including Confucius. Of course, the Confucian view was focused on the politicians or leaders of those times. Compared to which, Mohism represented the stance of their group members and pursued the interest of groups and the society rather than that of individuals. Accordingly, while Confucianism considered "justice" more important than "benefit", Mohism could understand both of them unificatively. The crucial reason why Mohism could be most active during the Warring States Period is that it had its metaphysical basis on "the disposition of Providence." Accompanying this, the viewpoint of Mohism on justice and benefit was internally reflected in its key arguments including "universal love." That is so-called "Jianxiangai, Jiaoxiangli", that is to say, "that loving each other is namely benefiting each other." On the other hand, the fact that the viewpoint of Mohism on justice and benefit, and furthermore, the ideological foundation of its ten main arguments including universal love was "the disposition of Providence" became a double-edged sword. It was because it could be easily accepted by the laborers, farmers, and craftsmen consisting of Mohism of those times, but it instead became the reason for falling into ruins since the establishment of the feudal empire of Qin and Han(秦漢). In the feudal empire, the ideology and activities of Mohism as an individual group couldn't be embraced. For example, the way to set "Heaven"(the heavenly king) above "the sovereign ruler" might be a decisive limit to the legitimacy and rationality of the regime. Moreover, the arguments by Mohism, such as "Jieyong", "Jiezang", "Feiyue" and others couldn't be taken easily by the privileged class. Therefore, Mohism couldn't do any activities as an academic school until Seojedongjeom(西勢東漸) during the Qing dynasty later, and it was different from Confucianism. In brief, ideas of Mohism including universal love ended up as an utopian idea historically, but the conception of sharing mutual interest along with mutual love and consideration with Confucianism from the position of the relatively disadvantaged in the society has a value worthy of being appreciated even today.

• 중국학논총
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• no.63
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• pp.183-204
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• 2019

本论文以健庵金炯观文集为中心, 以他的学问和思想为基础, 对至今论文中尚不见提及的复仇论进行了分析, 以阐明其特色. 最终得出的结论是健庵认为为了忠孝义的复仇是正当的, 而对为了消解私利, 功绩, 忿怒的复仇, 则持否定看法. 这基本上可以说是站在儒者立场上的观点. 复仇的方法分为刺客和征伐两种, 如果是为忠孝和义理的复仇, 那么使用刺客和征伐都可以. 而对于那些剖棺斬屍或是一时屈服, 心怀二心, 之后再复仇的行为, 则持反对的看法. 另外, 在复仇时, 重视等时借力的方法. 按照时机, 等候机遇, 然后果断实行. 反对那些为了私忿, 私益, 功绩, 无勇无谋, 自招杀祸的愚蠢行为. 健庵身为儒学者, 基本上是尊重仁义王道和春秋大义, 反对用武力进行征伐的霸道行为. 所以他认为刺客与征伐在一定的条件下, 有时可以作为捷径使用. 健庵的这种观点, 与他处于日帝强占期这种时代状况不无关系. 他亲身经历过日帝强占期的弹压, 听说过安重根义士和尹奉吉义士的义举, 从历史书中发掘选相关的例子, 发表自己的谈论, 持有自己的观点. 因此, 健庵虽然是追从朱熹学说的儒学者, 但是在他的复仇论中, 他的观点更合理性. 可以说健庵是一名能够根据所处时机, 追求符合义理的时中之道的儒者.

• 중국학논총
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• no.55
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

颐斋在『颐斋乱藁』中记录了自己对周易进行学习的内容.他从1760年(庚辰)32岁开始正式在白羊寺的众多庵堂里进行研读, 历经３年, 于1763年(癸未)7月23日离开白羊寺.之后, 他与金时粲, 徐命膺, 沈定镇, 韩晚裕, 李得显等人一起对周易进行了讨论, 并将自己的见解记录下来.他留下的注释书有 『皇极经世书解』 『朱子明筮赞解』, 『阳九阴六用数图』, 『经世天地始终之数图』, 『经世四象体用之数图』, 『易学啓蒙解』 等. 还有 『读易学啓蒙』, 『论易吟』, 『大易吟』 等３首与周易相关的诗.本论文则通过这３首诗对颐斋的周易特色进行阐明, 其特色大致可以概括为受容, 继承并发展了朱熹的主张.但他对周易的理解, 就像他所说的'通过象和数可以进行更好地理解'那样, 与义理相比, 他更关心象数, 实际上关于象数的注释和讨论也更多.因此, 虽说周易从象数易和义理学方面发展为图书易和儒家易, 并由朱熹完成了象数易和义理易的大统一, 但颐斋可以说则是一位以义理易和儒家易为基础, 十分看重象数易的易学者.