• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2016

This study conducted an analysis to compare the differences in the properties of the magnetic field and the generation of artifacts because of the difference in the magnetic field between 1.5 T equipment and 3.0 T equipment, centering around four types of pulse sequences, mainly applied to the abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). With data on 500 persons transmitted to the PACS, this study analyzed the SNR value, quantitatively and carried out a qualitative evaluation, dividing MSA, CSA, and DA into three steps. As a result of the quantitative evaluation, the SNR value was significantly higher in the 1.5 T equipment; however, there was a factor deteriorating the image quality, too, as artifacts were generated in the images. The 1.5 T equipment generated fewer artifacts than the 3.0 T equipment did, so it could compensate the image quality for 3.0 T. In conclusion, based on these findings, this study could understand the differences in the properties of the magnetic field and the generation of artifacts occurring because of the difference in the magnetic field and could provide a measure for them. This study would be guidelines for MRI users who directly examine the patients in abdominal MRI using the two types of equipment in the clinical setting in the future.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.7-22
• /
• 2022

Objectives : This study was a systematic review of tongue movements in stroke patients with dysphagia. This study aimed to provide a basis for verifying the effects of tongue movement and identifying the tendency of tongue movement. Methods : A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and flow chart. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, RISS, and e-articles databases were searched. A total of six documents were investigated, and the PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the papers. Results : Three intervention methods were included in the six papers analyzed. Regarding the type of tongue exercise, three TPRT (Tongue to Palate Resistance Trainings) and two TSAT (Tongue Strength and Accuracy Training) were mediated through the IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), and only one study applied TSE (Tongue Stretching Exercise). The treatment effects for each intervention implemented in the literature were confirmed to be effective. However, generalizability of findings is difficult because of the small sample size. Further, no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions : This study can help occupational therapists provide efficient swallowing rehabilitation treatment by applying tongue exercises to stroke patients with dysphagia. More research should be conducted to determine the effects of tongue exercise.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.7-22
• /
• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to confirm the research characteristics and quality of single-subject literature among domestic studies that applied interactive metronome (IM) intervention. Methods : Regarding literature search, 11 single-subject studies using IM were selected from an online database from January 2011 to June 2022. Moreover, the general characteristics and quality of the research method were analyzed. Results : The qualitative level of the analyzed literature was above the moderate level. However, intervention blindness and reliability showed low compliance. The ABA design accounted for the largest proportion of methods. Most of the study participants had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention, balance, bilateral coordination, and timing were checked as dependent variables. The IM-SFT was used most frequently as an evaluation method. The mediation session applied more than 8-10 interventions for 3-11 weeks. The intervention results in all studies indicated functional improvement after intervention. Conclusion : It might be necessary to expand the application of IM interventions to diverse diseases. In addition, there is a need to study the effect on the participants' quality of life and changes in daily life along with dependent variables such as attention and balance

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: About 81% of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from agricultural land to the atmosphere is due to nitrogen (N) fertilizer application. Mitigation of $N_2O$ emissions can be more effective in controlling biochemical processes such as nitrification and denitrification in the soil rather than decreasing fertilizer application. The use of urease inhibitors is an effective way to improve N fertilizer efficiency and reduce $N_2O$ emissions. Several compounds act as urease inhibitors, but N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been used worldwide. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hot pepper and chinese cabbage were cultivated in five treatments: standard fertilizer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(N-P-K, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$: 22.5-11.2-14.9 kg/ha for hot pepper and $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$: 32.0-7.8-19.8 kg/ha for chinese cabbage), no fertilizer, and NBPT-treated fertilizer of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times of nitrogen basal application rate of the standard fertilizer, respectively in Gyeonggi-do Hwaseong-si for 2 years(2015-2016). According to application of NBPT-treated fertilizer in hot pepper and chinese cabbage, $N_2O$ emission decreased by 19-20% compared to that of the standard fertilizer plot. CONCLUSION: NBPT-treated fertilizer proved that $N_2O$ emissions decreased statistically significant in the same growth conditions as the standard fertilization in the hot pepper and chinese cabbage cultivated fields. It means that NBPT-treated fertilizer can be applied for N fertilizer efficiency and $N_2O$ emissions reduction.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
• /
• v.94 no.1
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 2019

Background/Aims: It is well known that gender differences are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it is not clear whether gender differences affect the prognosis of elderly patients with AMI. Methods: We analyzed the incidence of in-hospital complications and mortality in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health from November 2011 to June 2015. This study included elderly patients (≥ 75 years) diagnosed with AMI. Results: A total of 2,953 patients were eligible for this study. Among them, 1,529 (51.8%) patients were female, and the mean age of the female group was older than that of the male group (80.7 ± 4.4 vs. 79.6 ± 4.0 years, respectively, p < 0.001). Elderly females utilized emergency medical services less frequently compared with elderly males (11.5 vs. 15.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). Elderly female AMI patients had a similar rate of in-hospital mortality compared with elderly males (7.1 vs. 8.4%, respectively, p = 0.196). The rate of major cardiac adverse events (MACEs) was lower in elderly females than males during a 12-month follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.41, p = 0.045). According to multivariate analysis, the male gender is an independent factor for predicting 1-year MACEs (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.65, p < 0.001). Conclusions: No significant differences in peri-procedural complications or in-hospital mortality were observed between male and female elderly patients with AMI. However, elderly female patients had a more favorable prognosis than male patients during a 1-year clinical follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to establish the basic data for the management of the elderly patients aged more than 60 suffering from musculoskeletal disorders in geriatric hospitals. From January, 1 2012 to December 31, 2012, 2,500 patients who were taken the x-ray inspection and were analyzed x-ray order 5,042 cases above spines, upper lower extremities and joints. The elderly age was divided into 3 groups according to Brody elderly statistics. The majority of elderly patients who visited the hospital are exposed to spinal disorders and joint diseases. Shoulder, knee, L-spine examination cases had accounted for more than half the number of total. By age group, the number of the first quarter was most dominant commonly. Second and third quarter was maintaining slightly decrease. The fourth quarter had reduced compared to the first quarter. If the visiting purposes and the disease causes analysis and preventive measures are taken in a study, it is expected to utilize as basic data to make a plan of the education for preventing diseases and elderly behavior planning for geriatric hospitals and to redistribute health care resources of the rural areas efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.537-548
• /
• 2010

As the rapid development of economy in China, the problem in income gaps become a tough and sensitive social problem. Under this social background, this research try to find the main reasons of the income gap among the East China, West China, and the central China, basing on the analysis of its actuality and forming, and then put forward some solution plans. The research shows that in different development levels of China influencing factor of urban-rural income gap is also different. Take East China for example, the education support plays an important part of narrowing income gap. The influence of education support on urban-rural income gaps more significant than industrialization, what is more, its influence has the more reinforce trend, while in the less developed central and western part in China, what can narrowing income gap significantly is industrialization and the support for agriculture. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of income gap between urban and rural areas in China radically, it is not enough to perform medical insurance reform and social insurance reform in the whole county. Besides this, we should perform other kinds of reformation countermeasures which have their regional characteristics. For example, in eastern, the regional governments should reinforce the education system; in central china, they should focus on developing industry; in western, the regional governments should increase the expense to support the agricultural development, and so on. With these countermeasures, they could not only relieve the gap between urban and rural areas in China, but also ensure to develop economy substantially and stably in the whole country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.405-412
• /
• 2018

The budget is an essential tool for the systematic management of the organizational performance and for diagnosing the status of an organization. Effective budget execution is important to hospital management due to the nonprofit nature of hospitals. On the other hand, there are few studies regarding the budgetary slack of hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the university hospital budgeting system characteristics on the budgetary slack. For this purpose, the data from 118 staff of a university hospital located in Seoul were collected by self-administered surveys. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were carried out using Stata Ver. 14. The main results of this study were as follows. First, information asymmetry has a positive influence on the budgetary slack. Second, budget feedback and budget motivation have a negative effect on the budgetary slack. These findings suggest that the sharing of budget-related information among hospital staff is important for efficient hospital management. In addition, it is necessary to establish ways to enhance the feedback and motivation in budgetary activities for managing the budgetary slack systematically. The major strength of this study is that it draws attention to research concerning the budgetary slack of hospitals in the absence of research on the budgetary slack. The significance of this study was to provide an empirical basis for improving the efficiency of hospital management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.527-538
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the Data of Continuing Nursing Education(CNE) in Seoul from 2008 to 2012. The subjects were collected from the data of Seoul Nurses Association. Descriptive statics, t-test, ANOVA were performed using SPSS 12.0 program for a total of 165,759 subjects' data. The number of continuing education recipients increased about 28% by the year of 2012. Over 50% of subjects worked at advanced hospitals and about 80% of subjects received education in self-developed program type. According to years since licensed, more than half(55.5%) of the subjects were under 7 years since licensed, followed by 4-6years since licensed(18.5%), 2-3years since licensed(16.2%), and 1year since licensed(9.7%). This study showed significant differences in contents, continuing education programs, workplace, type of continuing education. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying current trends of continuing education for nurses and provide fundamental data for developing continuing nurses education.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.155-169
• /
• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide data for the improvement of hypertension management of community health practitioner posts through the study on hypertension management in community health practitioner posts. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 700 community health practitioners and 205 of them responded during the period from March 13, 2003 to May 13. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS program, version 11. Results: The results are as follows; 1. There are two major activities in a hypertension prevention project for community: health education and early detection. About 57% of community health care practitioners perform a health education for community people four times a year. The 64.5% of them used the materials for health education provided from a community health center and 22.1% of them performed a post-evaluation. The main method of early detection of hypertension was measurement of blood pressure of person to visit, which was 96.1%. Other methods included home visiting(89.3%), a referral from community hospitals and other resources(49.1%), health promotion events(39.5%), and a review of medical records(35.7%). 2. For the registration and management of patients with hypertension, about 36% of community health centers used a special form and more than 50% of them have registered patients who were managed by other health care institutions in the community. A computerized program was used for the management of patients with hypertension in 68.5% of them. More than 60% of them responded that it was used for report, treatment, and follow-up of patients with hypertension.