• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 1995

Lectin was purified by using $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography from Alismatis Rhizoma(AR). The specific activity of AR lectin was 50, 441units/mg, and purification folds were 114. The AR lectin agglutinated human erythrocytes of all types(A, B, O, AB). The molecular weight of AR lectin was estimated about 90, 500 daltons by gel filtration and each subunits were 42,000, 27,000 and 22,500 daltons on SDS-PAGE respectively. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by sialic acid, glucose, ribose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose. It was also inhibited by cations such as $Hg^{++},\;Fe^{++},\;Cu^{++}\;and\;Pb^{++}$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.797-799
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• 2001

Open heart surgery with hypothermia in patients with cold agglutinin can cause severe complications by hemolysis and hemagglutination of red blood cells. A 41 year-old male patient with mitral stenosis was admitted due to fever and cough. After antibiotics treatment, he was scheduled to undergo mitral valve replacement. In the operation room, we found agglutination of blood cardioplegia during lowering temperature of cardioplegia. And then, the cardioplegia was changed to warm cardioplegia and the operation was performed under normothermia due to the suspicion of the cold reactive protein. The operation was performed uneventfully. Postoperatively, cold agglutinin was confirmed by immunochemistry of the patient\`s serum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.581-589
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• 2005

Recently, membrane processes have been replacing the conventional processes for waste water treatment to produce better quality of effluent and to meet more stringent regulations because of water shortage. However, using membrane processes for water treatment has confronted with fouling and difficulty in treating dissolved organic pollutants. In this study, membrane process equipped with crossflow microfiltration is combined with coagulation process using alum and PAC to improve permeability and treatment efficiency. The effects of coagulant dosage and optimum membrane operating conditions were investigated from measurement of permeate flow, cumulative volume, total resistance, particle size, dissolved organic pollutant, dissolved aluminium and quality of effluent. Characteristic of PAC coagulation was compared with that of alum coagulation. PAC coagulation reduced membrane fouling because of forming larger particle size and increased permeate velocity and cumulative volume. Less dissolved organic pollutants and dissolved aluminum made decreasing-rate of permeate velocity being lowered. At using $0.2\;{\mu}m$ membrane, cake filtration observed. At using $0.45\;{\mu}m$ membrane, there was floc breakage due to shear stress occurred born circulating operation. It made floc size smaller than membrane pore size, which subsequently to decrease permeate velocity and to increase total resistance. The optimum coagulation dosage was $300{\pm}50\;mg/L$ for both alum and PAC. PAC coagulation was more efficiently used with $0.2\;{\mu}m$ membrane, and the highest permeate flux was in using $0.45\;{\mu}m$membrane. The greatest efficiency of treatment was as follows; turbidity 99.8%, SS 99.9%, $BOD_5$ 94.4%, $COD_{Cr}$ 95.4%, T-N 54.3%, T-P 99.8%.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 1994

Cohesie sediment movement in estuarine systems is strongly affected by the phenomena of aggregation and flocculation. Aggregation is the process where primary particles are clustered together in tightly-packed formations; flocculation is the process where aggregates and single particles are bonded together to form large particle groups of very low specific density. The size, shape and strength of the flocculants control the rate of deposition and the processes of pollutant exchange between suspended sediments and ambient water. In estuarine waters, suspended sediments above the lutocline form the mobile suspension zone while below the lutocline they form the stationary suspension zone. Suspended particles in the mobile zone are generally in a dispersed state and the controlling forces are the Brownian motion and the turbulent flow fluctuations. In the stationary suspension zone, the driving force is the gravity. This paper discusses the settling and particle flocculation characteristics under quiescient flow conditions. Particles are entering the study domain randomly. Particles in the mobile suspension zone are simulated by using the Smoluchowski's model. Flocs created in the mobil suspension zone are moving into the stationary suspension zone where viscosity and drag effects are important. Utilizing the concepts of the maximum Feret's diameter and the Minkowski's sausage logic, the fractal dimension of the flocs within the stationary suspension is estimated and then compared with results obtained by other studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2002

폴리에스테르를 염색할 수 있는 분산염료는 비수용성이기 때문에 염색시 염욕 내에서 응집, 결정화되는 현상을 방지하기 위하여 반드시 분산제를 첨가하여야 한다. 그러나 분산제를 사용하더라도 분산염료를 염욕 내에서 완전한 분산상태로 만들 수 없으며, 염색시 여러 원인에 의해 염료의 재응집 현상이 발생될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 최근 거론되고 있는 환경문제로 인하여 분산제의 사용이 제한될 가능성도 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.393-398
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• 2005

Suspended fine mineral particles are deposited at the areas with low flow velocity and low transportation capacity in rivers, reservoirs and lakes. It can be contaminated by heavy metals. Examples of problem fields art dredging of sediment, water pollutants, and maintenance of navigation channels and construction works. To deal with the settling problems it is necessary to understand tile physico-chemical characteristics of cohesive sediment under varying density of particle and ion addition(NaOH, HCl, NaCl), which is dissolved in river, because fine-grained cohesive sediment can lead to flocculation with the physico-chemical influences and takes different characteristics. Experiments with fresh and saline water are followed with fine-grained sediments(alumina and quartz) in settling columns. Settling velocity of suspended fine particles in still water was measured with a pressure sensor(maximum 10 mbar). Until the initial concentration of 20,000 mg/1 of alumina and quartz the settling velocity was on the increase. Above this initial concentration was it on the decrease. In an acid condition, which causes strong flocculation, average settling velocity of quartz powder was high. In an alkaline water low average settling velocity of it was observed. However, alumina behaved exactly contrarily.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.179-182
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• 2004

혈관의 협착으로 인만 혈류의 교란과 그로 인한 초음파 반향의 영향을 튜브에 편심 협착 (eccentric stenosis)을 부착하고 돼지 혈액을 이용해 실험실에서 연구했다. 상용화된 GE LOGIQ 700 Expert 시스템과 M12L 의 선형 트랜스듀서를 이용해 B-모드 영상을 얻은 후 편심 협착 상류 지점과 하류 지점의 초음파 영상을 비교하여 분석하였다. 분당 20 회와 40 회의 박동율과 혈류속도를 바꿔가며 혈류의 교란에 따른 혈액에서의 초음파 영상을 분석한 결과, 편심 협착으로 인한 혈류의 교란으로 적혈구 응집현상이 달라져 복잡한 초음파 반향 분포가 형성되었다. 비침습적 실시간 초음파 영상은 편심 협착으로 인한 혈류의 교란과 그로 인한 혈액의 적혈구 응집 현상을 이해하고 연구하는데 도움이 된다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.112.2-112.2
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• 2012

고투과도, 고전도성을 갖는 탄소나노튜브 기반의 투명 전도성 필름은 분산조건의 최적화에 의해 제조하였다. 탄소나노튜브간의 응집현상은 탄소나노튜브간의 접촉저항의 증가를 야기하여 탄소나노튜브가 갖고 있는 고유의 우수한 전기적 특성을 감소시킨다. 이에 대해 본 연구에서는 분산제 농도, 분산 시간, 기판 표면처리에 따른 특성 변화 및 이에 따른 탄소나노튜브간의 응집이 최소화된 용액을 제조하였다. 또한, 이를 기반으로 연속공정이 가능한 탄소나노튜브 용액을 제조하고 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.623-623
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2059-2065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to improve coagulation efficiency by pre-treatment of high pH water using sulfuric acid. The common reason of pH increasing at down stream of Nakdong river is water blooming. The pH go above 9.0 during water blooming periods. The higher pH water demands more coagulant and pre-chlorine dosage than lower pH water for better coagulation condition. The DOC, THMFP, UV-254 after coagulation with the same coagulant dosage by pre-treatment from pH 9.2 down to 8.1 with sulfuric acid are 1.84mg/L, $51{\mu}g/L$ and $0.032cm^{-1}$, by pretreatment of chlorine are 2.09mg/L, $78{\mu}g/L$ and $0.030cm^{-1}$, by pre-treatment of sulfuric acid and chlorine are 2.14mg/L, $72{\mu}g/L$ and $0.031cm^{-1}$ respectively. Pretreatment with sulfuric acid can improve water quality and reduce coagulant demand.