• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.198-211
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• 2015

The following research was done to develop a low calorie muffin that has good taste, as well as nutritional benefit. This was done through adding various nutritional qualities of Makgeolli Lees to muffins. It was found that adding Makgeolli Lees substantially increased the amount of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, and moisture. However, it decreased the amount of crude fat. It was also found that the volume, height, and weight all increased with a lower baking loss rate. Other testing on the hardness, expand chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness of the muffins with different amounts of Makgeolli Lees found that more Makgeolli Lees led to a lower hardness and chewiness. However, it did not affect the gumminess. "MLM10" with 10 g of added Makgeolli Lees had a cohesiveness that was significantly different from other samples. The cohesiveness of the other samples was substantially lower. "L-value", or lightness, as well as yellowness, decreased as more Makgeolli Lees was added. On the other hand, "a-value", or redness, increased as more Makgeolli Lees was added. A sensory test proved that Makgeolli Lees added muffins were not preferred over the control group in its color, texture, and overall preference, but was evaluated as "good". However, the Makgeolli Lees added muffins were evaluated better than the control group in the categories of "expanded", "uniformity", and "he size of the pores". Therefore, creating muffins by using Makgeolli Lees instead of fat was proven to be possible, and furthermore proved to be a viable substitute.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-191
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to discover the effects of Reality Therapy group program on leadership life skills, sociality, and classroom unity of elementary school children. The objects of this research are the 34 elementary school children at the K elementary school in the S area of Kyunggi-do, and randomly divided into two groups. Scientific methods are employed to test a Reality Therapy group program as a treatment for elementary school children to increase their level of leadership life skills, sociality, and classroom unity. For this study, one experimental group and one control group, composed of 34 students in total, are organized and treatment is conducted on these groups. The SPSS 12.0 statstics program is employed to analyze the questionnaires of both-test. Mann-Whitney U and Multiple Linear Regression test are used to analyze the result in order to verify the differences between experienced group and controlled group of pre-test scores within the groups. First, the statistics show a difference in leadership life skills factors(p<.001) between the experimental group and the control group. The Reality Therapy group program is a significant predictor of the leadership life skills. These statistics prove that experimental group has higher leadership life skills than the other group. Second, the statistics show a difference in sociality factors(p<.01) between the experimental group and the control group. The Reality Therapy group program is a significant predictor of the sociality. These statistics prove that experimental group have higher positive sociality than the other group. Third, the statistics show a difference in classroom unity factors(p<.001) between the experimental group and the control group. The Reality Therapy group program is a significant predictor of the classroom unity. These statistics prove that experimental group have higher positive classroom unity than the other group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.729-733
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• 2022

Aggregation of normally soluble proteins can cause disease-related problems. Tryptophan synthase α-subunit (αTS) in E. coli adopts one of most popular structural scaffolds, the TIM barrel fold. Previous mutagenesis of the αTS gene resulted in many aggregation-prone mutant proteins. Here, Y173F (Tyr at residue 173 to Phe) substitution, which imparts increased stability, was tested for its ability to suppress aggregation of aggregation-prone mutant proteins (Y4C, S33L, P28L, P28S, G44S, D46N, P96L, and P96S). Aggregation was suppressed in all eight severe aggregate-forming mutants (all differing in their mutation positions), by the Y173F replacement. P28L αTS, which was available in pure form, was further analyzed and showed reduced secondary structure content, lower stability, and a looser structure with more exposed hydrophobic surface compared to the wild type protein. A double mutant P28L/Y173F protein showed almost no indication of these changes compared to the wild type protein. We hypothesized that Tyr at position 173 in αTS is positioned at the hydrophobic core and may serve to suppress the aggregation of this protein caused by other residues. Important residue (s) could be working widely in the prevention/suppression of protein aggregation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2008

제지산업은 다량의 용수를 사용하면서 또한 많은 양의 폐수를 배출하고 있다. 기존의 폐수처리 공정에서는 침전처리를 위한 큰 저수조와 오랜 침강 시간이 요구되어 제한된 공장 내에서의 처리에 어려움이 많다. 이러한 기존 기술의 문제점을 보완하면서도 새로운 고도처리가 가능한 초전도 마그네트를 이용한 자기분리 기술을 적용하고자 하였다. 자기문리의 기본 원리는 강력한 자기력에 의하여 액체에 포함된 자성입자를 분리해내는 것으로 자성입자들이 자계의 힘에 의하여 잡아당겨지고 포획됨으로서 제거되는 것이다. 자기분리용 솔레노이드 마그네트로 초전도마그네트를 적용하게 되면 아주 높은 고구배의 자장(HGMS; High Gradient Magnetic Separation) 을 발생시킬 수 있다. 초전도마그네트와 체(sieve) 형 자기필터를 이용하면 대공간에 전력손실 없이 고자장을 발생시킬 수 있기 때문에 미립자를 효과적으로 고속으로 분리하는 것이 가능해지며 또한 상자성 미세입자까지도 처리할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 주로 유기물로 구성된 제지며|수의 부유물을 자성체와의 응집반응에 의해 플록을 형성하여 자성 플록의 자기분리 효과를 연구하였다. 자성응집반응의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 전자석 시스템을 제작하였으며 배치타입의 자기필터를 설계 제작하였다. 또한 응집제의 종류와 응집반응 공정에 따른 자성플록의 형성 정도를 조사하였으며 자기분리 후 폐수의 탁도, SS 등의 특성을 분석하였다. 그림 1은 자성응집반응의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 제작한 전자석 시스템을 나타내고 있으며 전자석의 자장해석 결과를 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.918-928
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• 2013

The inequitable flow distribution to flocculation basins is an important problem faced in many water treatment plants. This is caused by the structure of a distribution channel, the height differences of outlet weirs etc. But, a modified approach for the structures has no effectiveness to achieve flow equality. The aim of this study is to reduce the inequality by adopting optimized inlet valve opening (%) of the flocculation basins using DOE (Design of Experiments) and RSA (Response Surface Analysis). The inlet valve openings (%) and inflow distributions (%) of 6 paralleled basins were set as factors (X) and characteristics(Y) respectively. 2 level factorial experiments and RSA were conducted for optimization and regression analysis (Y = f(X) + Const.). Adopting the optimized inlet valve opening (%) at field, standard deviation of flow distribution (%) and effluent turbidity was declined from 3.80% to 0.42% and from 0.29 NTU to 0.03 NTU respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1043-1051
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• 2017

Wild yeasts were isolated from domestic non-sterilized Makgeolli and their fermentation characteristics were analyzed to select the best fermentation seed culture. A total of 65 yeast strains isolated yeasts from non-sterilized Makgeolli and Nuruk. In order to select fermentable strains, hydrogen sulfide, $CO_2$ production ability, alcohol tolerance and aroma component production ability were analyzed. To screen the aromatic strains of isolates, media containing cerulenin, 5,5,5-trifluor-DL-leucine (TFL) and API ZYM kit were used. There were 36 strains resistance to cerulenin and all strains produced esterase and demonstrated tolerance against TFL. Hydrogen sulfide, which could degrade the quality of the fermented beverage, was not produced in 34 yeast. The correlation between alcohol tolerance of yeast and carbon dioxide production was analyzed by principal component analysis. YM22, YM31, YM32 and YM37 produced a total of 0.14-0.18 g/72 h of $CO_2$ indicating high fermentability. Alcohol tolerance was measured by alcohol concentration. YM32, YM37 yeast had 20% alcohol tolerance. As a result, alcohol and flavor characteristics of wild yeast isolated from non-sterilized Makgeolli were analyzed and it was confirmed that yeast was suitable for the production of alcohol.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.514-520
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• 2014

In this study, the production potential of alternative coagulant ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$ solution) having the identical coagulation activity with respect to the commercial coagulant was investigated. The raw material of alternative coagulant was a spent catalyst including aluminium (waste activated alumina) generated in the manufacturing process of the polymer. The alternative coagulant was produced through a series of processes: 1) intense heat and grinding, 2) chemical polymerization and substitution with $H_2SO_4$ solution, 3) dissolution and dilution and 4) settling and separation. To determine the optimal operating conditions in the lab-scale autoclave and dissolver, the content of $Al_2O_3$ in alternative coagulant was analyzed according to changes of the purity of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature, injection ratio of sulfuric acid and water in the dissolver. The results showed that the alternative coagulant having the $Al_2O_3$ content of 7~8% was produced under the optimal conditions such as $H_2SO_4$ purity of 50%, reaction temperature of $120^{\circ}C$, injection ratio of $H_2SO_4$ of 5 times and injection ratio of water of 2.3 times in dissolver. In order to evaluate the coagulation activity of the alternative coagulant, the Jar-test was conducted to the effluent in aerobic reactor. As a result, in both cases of Al/P mole of 1.5 and 2.0, the coagulation activity of the alternative coagulant was higher than that of the existing commercial coagulant. When the production costs were compared between the alternative and commercial coagulant through economic analysis, the production cost reduction of about 50% was available in the case of the alternative coagulant. In addition, it was identified that the alternative coagulant could be applied at field wastewater treatment plant without environmental problem through ecological toxicity testing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2008

최근 Ruthenium (Ru) 은 높은 화학적 안정성, 누설전류에 대한 높은 저항성, 저유전체와의 높은 안정성 등과 같은 특성으로 인해 금속층-유전막-금속층 캐패시터의 하부전극으로 각광받고 있다. 또한 Cu와의 우수한 Adhesion 특성으로 인해 Cu 배선에서의 Cu 확산 방지막으로도 주목받고 있다. 그러나 이렇게 형성된 Ru 하부전극의 각 캐패시터간의 분리와 평탄화를 위해서는 CMP 공정이 도입이 필요하다. 이러한 CMP 공정에 공급되는 Slurry 에는 부식액, pH 적정제, 연마입자 등이 첨가되는데 이때 연마입자가 응집하여 Slurry의 분산 안전성 저하에 영향을 줄수 있다. 이로 인해 응집된 Slurry는 Scratch와 Delamination 과 같은 표면 결함을 유발할 수 있으며, Slurry의 저장 안정성을 저하시켜 Slurry의 물리적 화학적 특성을 변화시킬 수 있다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 Ru CMP Slurry에서의 Surfactant와 같은 분산 안정제에 따른 Surface tension, Zeta potential, Particle size, Sedimentation의 분석을 통해 Slurry 안정성에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 pH9 조건의 31ppm Dispersant 농도에서 50%이상의 Sedimentation 상승효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 선택된 Surfactant가 첨가된 Ru CMP Slurry를 제조하여 Ru wafer의 Static etch rate, Passivation film thickness 와 Wettability를 비교해 보았다. 그리고 CMP 공정을 실시하여 Ru의 Removal rate와 TEOS에대한 Selectivity를 측정해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.171-174
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• 2005

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1043-1046
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• 1998

Aluminium based inorganic flocculants are extensively used in this country in the removal of fine particles present in the raw water for the production of drinking water. These inorganic flocculants, however, have potential hazard of high residual aluminium ions in the treated waters, which is known to be one of the reasons of alzheimer's disease. Inorganic flocculants alone are sometimes incapable of treating water when there are excessive turbidity in the raw water sources due to flooding. A polyamine type polymeric flocculant has long been used to treat raw water in the drinking water production in the European countries and United State of America. The optimum reaction conditions such as mole ratio of epichlorohydrin(EPI) to dimethylamine(DMA), reaction temperature and time for each stage for the pilot scale preparation of polyamine from EPI-DMA was studied in this work. The variation of intrinsic viscosity and flocculating efficiency in the water treatment of the synthesized polyamines were evaluated. The residual materials after polymerization reaction were analyzed by gas chromatography to study the effect of variation of reaction conditions.