• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.233-245
• /
• 2002

The spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method is a nondestructive testing method based upon generation and detection of elastic stress waves. SASW is widely used as one of the techniques to determine stiffness profile in engineering geophysics. The essential steps involved are construction of an experimental dispersion curve from data collected in situ, and inversion of the dispersion curve to determine the stiffness profile. The main object of this study is to derive an analytical Jacobian for the inversion. If we set the subsurface to N homogeneous layer, it could save 2N times Jacobian calculation compared to numerical jacobian calculation during inversion. To reconstruct a stiffness profile, constrained damped least square method was applied for the inversion. The algorithm was tested for the numerical data and for the real asphalt and tunnel data, which were able to verify the stiffness profile. The stiffness profile reconstructed by the algorithm showed the possibility to appraise the soundness of tunnel with applications SASW.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.294-299
• /
• 2005

Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) was covalently patterned by masked el electron beam irradiation. Introduction of PIPAAm on tissue culture polystyrene dish was confirmed by ATR-FTIR and ESCA measurements. Hepatocytes were cultured at $37^{circ}C$ on these surfaces. Cells adhered on PIPAAm-grafted domains were detached by reducing culture temperature to $20^{circ}C$. Endothelial cells were then seeded and cultured on the same surfaces. Seeded endothelial cells were selectively attached on hepatocytes detached and PIPAAm-grafted domains and could be co-cultured with hepatocytes on the same culture dishes with clear pattern. This co-culture method enabled long-term co-culture of hepatocytes with endothelial cells.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2008

We have fabricated a novel thermo-responsive nanofibrous surfaces by grafting PIPAAm by electron beam irradiation onto poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV) nanofibrous mats. The electrospun PHBV nanofiber structures revealed randomly aligned fibers with average diameter of 400 nm. Increased atomic percent of nitrogen was observed on the PIPAAm-grafted PHBV mats after electron beam irradiation determined by ESCA. The amounts of PIPAAm-grafted onto PHBV films were $6.49{\mu}g/cm^2$ determined by ATR-FTIR. The PIPAAm-grafted surfaces exhibited decreasing contact angles by lowering the temperature from 37 to $20^{\circ}C$, while ungrafted PHBV surfaces had negligible contact angle change. This result indicates that PIPAAm surfaces, which are hydrophobic at the higher temperature, became markedly more hydrophilic in response to a temperature reduction due to spontaneous hydration of the surface-grafted PIPAAm. Thermo-responsive nanofibers showed good tissue compatibility. Cultured cells were well detached and recovered from the surfaces by changing culture temperature from 37 to $20^{\circ}C$.

• Computational Structural Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 1998

지하구조물의 건전성을 평가하기 위한 비파괴시험으로써 탄성응력파를 이용한 충격반향탐사법을 수치해석적인 방법을 통하여 수행하였다. 즉, 일면만으로 접근 가능한 터널 면에서의 충격가진과 동적응답의 측정으로 이질면을 포함한 내부의 상태를 예측할 수 있다. 연구의 수행은 탄성거동을 하는 매질 내부에서 전파되는 탄성응력파의 특성을 이해하고, 이를 동적 유한요소해석으로 모형화하여 충격반향탐사법을 수치해석적으로 수행한다. 이질재료가 2개의 층을 이루고 있는 경우 표면층의 두께를 쉽게 측정할 수 있었으며, 구조물의 병진운동, 휨운동과 구조물 내에서 다중반사되는 탄성응력파에 의한 복합적인 영향을 받는 터널과 같은 원통형 구조물에서 동적응답의 주파수 특성으로부터 터널라이닝 내부에 형성된 공동의 위치와 크기의 예측이 가능하였다. 수치해석적인 방법과 병행하여 다양한 형태의 경계조건을 가지는 구조물에 대한 충격반향탐사법의 실험을 수행할 경우 실제적인 문제에 적용, 건전성 평가의 지표를 마련할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.29 no.1 s.232
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2005

A general approximate optimization technique by sequential design domain(SDD) did not save response values for getting an approximate function in each step. It has a disadvantage at aspect of an expense. In this paper, previous response values are recycled for constructing an approximate function. For this reason, approximation function is more accurate. Accordingly, even if we did not determine move limit, a system is converged to the optimal design. Size and shape optimization using approximate optimization technique is carried out with SDD. Algorithm executing Pro/Engineer and ANSYS are automatically adopted in the approximate optimization program by SDD. Convergence criterion is defined such that optimal point must be located within SDD during the three steps. The PLBA(Pshenichny-Lim-Belegundu-Arora) algorithm is used to solve approximate optimization problems. This algorithm uses the second-order information in the direction finding problem and uses the active set strategy.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.339-348
• /
• 2001

More often a commercial package for the structural analysis is necessary in the structural optimum design. In this case the task of combining the package with an optimization program must be required, hut it is not so simple because interchanging some data between them is difficult. Sequential approximate optimization is currently used as a natural way to overcome the hard task. If sequential approximate optimization has wide side constraints that the lower limit of design variables is very small and their upper limit is very large, it is not so easy to obtain approximated functions accurately for the whole design domain. This paper proposes a sequential design domain method, which is very useful to carry out sequential approximate optimization in this case. In this paper, the response surface methodology is used to obtain approximated functions and the orthogonal array is used for design of experiments. The sequential approximate optimization of 3-bar and 10-bar trusses is demonstrated to verify the reliability of the sequential design domain method.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 1989

Two-dimensional large-amplitude motions in regular harmonic wave are treated in time domain, by satisfying the exact body boundary condition and the linear free surface condition. For the present numerical calculation, the method of free-surface spectral representation with simple source distribution on the instantaneous body surface has been extended to include the effect of the incident wave. Calculations of the wave exciting force are performed for a submerged circular cylinder fixed or oscillating with large amplitude. Especially, nonlinear effects on the time-mean forces are studied in detail. It is shown that relative motion between the body and the fluid particle gives a significant effect on the lift and drift forces. Also, large-amplitude motion of a submerged circular cylinder and that of a floating Lewis-form cylinder are directly simulated in time domain. In the calculation results, some nonlinear effects are shown.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2003

This paper deals with the analytic and FEM analyses of sloshing frequency response of incompressible, invicid and irrotational flow in two dimensional rectangular tank. We use Laplace equation based on potential theory as governing equation. For small amplitude sloshing motion, the linearized free surface condition was applied and the analytic solution as obtained by the separation of variables. To simulate the effect of the energy dissipation due to viscous damping, artificial viscous coefficient is introduced and the divergence of response at resonance frequencies may be avoided by this coefficient. This problem was solved by FEM using 9-node elements in order to predict the maximum amplitude of sloshing response. Numerical results of free surface height, fluid pressure and fluid force show good agreement with those by analytic solution. After verifying the test FEM program, we analyze the frequency response characteristics of sloshing to the fluid height.

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 1991

동하중을 받는 진동기계기초의 동적해석을 수행하기 위해서는 지반의 임피던스함수의 적절한 산 출이 필수적이며, 회전기계 -기초 -지반의 상호작용이 고려된 동적해석이 요구된다. 이제까지 지 반의 임퍼던스함수는 주로 원형기초에 한하여 제시되어 왔으나, 기초의 형상은 실제로 지반의 임퍼 던스함수에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 여러가지 형상 및 매립된 기초에 적용할 수 있는 임퍼던스함수를 제시하였다. 그리고, 제시된 임퍼던스함수를 바탕으로, 회전기계 -기초- 지반의 상호작용이 고려된 동적해석을 수행할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 개발된 프로그램 을 이용하여 예제해석을 통하여 각종 임피던스함수의 적용에 따른 기계기초의 응답을 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구의 주된 결론은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 주파수독립 임퍼던스함수와 주파수종속 임피던스함수를 이용한 결과를 비교해 볼 때,수평방 향과 회전방향에 대해서는 동적응답이 커다란 차이를 보이지 않으나, 연직방향 운동에 대해서는 상 당한 차이를 보인다. 2) 표면기초와 매립기초를 비교해 본 결과, 매립기초에 있어서 수평방향과 회전방향에 있어서는 동적응답이 거의 일정한 간에 도달하므로 기초가 어느 정도 매립된다면 안전측에 들어간다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나, 연직방향에 있어서는 매립여부에 따라 상당한 차이를 보인다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.1121-1128
• /
• 1999

A single blow, transient testing method for determining the heat transfer characteristics of heat exchanger surfaces are presented. The exponential inlet temperature variations were made using screen mesh with small time constant and frontal velocities of the test section. The system is used to investigate the usefulness of a model with exponential inlet temperature variations. A data reduction program is developed to calculate the temporally and spatially averaged heat transfer coefficient using the measured disturbance and response of the fluid temperature. The results are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental data for parallel plate stacks. It was recommended to take an average for the time greater than the 99% of the final temperature had reached in order to obtain fairly good results.