• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1293-1301
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• 2016

Hulled oat (Chohan) and naked oat (Choyang) flours were analyzed according to particle size to investigate nutritional components and physicochemical properties. Particle size of naked oat flours was larger than that of hulled oat flours. As the mesh of the crushed ones decreased, particle sizes increased in value. The content of total ${\beta}$-glucan was highest in hulled oat flour (4.23%) with 60 mesh and in naked oat flour (4.26%) with 100 mesh. Most total ${\beta}$-glucan was soluble ${\beta}$-glucan in both flours (over 76%). Total starch of hulled oat flours (63.64~69.82%) was higher than that of naked oat flours (52.45~63.71%). Whereas amylose contents showed a negative correlation with total starch contents. Contents of free amino acids increased according to particle size, and each component was dependent on each type of amino acid. Moreover, while fatty acid composition was not significant, the content of most naked oats was higher than that of hulled oats. Besides, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleate) in both types of oat flours was relatively higher than that of other grains. The pasting properties of peak viscosity, trough, and breakdown showed the highest value in both oats with 100 mesh. Further, the values of final viscosity and the setback were higher with relatively larger particle size. In addition, peak time exhibited a lower value with larger particle size, whereas it showed the opposite value for pasting temperature. Starch digestibility did not show any specific trend according to particle size, whereas expected glycemic index of hulled oats was lower than that of naked oats. Moreover, lower values were investigated at larger particle sizes. The results of this study provide basic useful information for processing of oat products to improve consumption of oats grown in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

The effect of reduction of carbon dioxide by CODH(Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase) was compared on glassy carbon and gold working electrodes. In case of gold electrode, the choice of the optimum applied potential is very important since $H_2$ evolution can be mixed with $CO_2$ reduction. On the other hand, efficient $CO_2$ reduction was observed up to -650 mV vs. NHE on glassy carbon in neutral solution due to the larger overpotential for $H_2$ evolution on glassy carbon surface than that on gold surface. The optimum potential for $CO_2$ reduction was found to be $-570{\sim}600\;mV$ vs. NHE. The current efficiency of $CO_2$ to CO decreased dramatically at more negative potential according to the activity of enzyme decrease and the hydrogen evolution.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

Carbonate sand of Sabkha layer in the middle east was made of deposition of shell fragments and it consisted of porous particles containing inner void. Generally, at yield stress the soil structure begins to break down, so the porewater pressure and the settlement are increased rapidly. In carbonate sand, unlike quartz sand if particle crushing happens, the inner voids are exposed and porewater pressure can be decreased under yield stress. Porewater pressure can be determined as the sum of excess porewater pressure due to increase of relative density, inner void expose of particle under particle crushing stress and rearrangement of crushed particle fragments. The porewater pressure can be negative value in case of greater amount of inner void expose, so if particle crushing is bigger, the porewater pressure value is smaller. The negative value zone of porewater pressure from triaxial test result means particle crushing effect is bigger than outer void decrease effect and the particle crushing effect dominant zone size was 1.50∼3.46% from triaxial test result of Sabkha layer.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1984

The ionic association constant(K) of 2,4,6, N-tetramethyl pyridinium iodide (TeMPI) in 95 volume percentage ethanol-water mixture were determined by a modified UV and conductance method at $25^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ under 1 to 2,000 bars. The K values increase with increasing pressure and have maximum value at $40^{\circ}C$. The partial molar volume hange (${\Delta}V$) has relatively small negative value and the absolute values of ${\Delta}$ are minimum at $40^{\circ}C$. The ion size parameter(a) of TeMPI have maximum value at $40^{\circ}C$. {\Delta}H^{\circ}$ values are zero, positive and negative at 40^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. Other thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of standard entropy ({\Delta}S^{\circ}$) and free energy {\Delta}G^{\circ}$ were evaluated. From these experimental results, we came to conclusion that TeMPI is stabilized by the elevation of pressure and that of temperature below $40^{\circ}C$ but weakly dimerized at $40^{\circ}C$ because of the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction of eight methyl groups of two molecules. And it thermally decomposed above $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2018

The patchiness of local environments within a habitat is assumed to be a primary factor affecting the spatial patterns of plants, and a randomization procedure is developed for testing the null hypothesis that only spatial association with patches determined the spatial patterns of plants. Chloranthus japonicus (Chloranthaceae) is an herbaceous perennial and a member of the genus Chloranthus in the family Chloranthaceae. The spatial pattern of C. japonicus was analyzed according to several patchiness indices, population uniformity or aggregation under different sizes of plots by dispersion indices, and spatial autocorrelation. Population densities (D) varied from 0.356 to 2.270, with a mean of 1.527. The values of dispersion indices ( at Mt. Ahop were lower than 1 at six plots ($2m{\times}2m$, $2m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}8m$, $8m{\times}8m$, and $8m{\times}16m$), but the two large plots ($16m{\times}16m$ and $16m{\times}32m$) were higher than 1. Thus, the aggregation indices ( were negative at Mt. Ahop, which indicates a uniform distribution. The two large plots ($16m{\times}16m$ and $16m{\times}32m$) had positive CIs. However, the values were not large (0.009 for the $16m{\times}16m$ plot and 0.038 for the $16m{\times}32m$ plot). The mean crowding ($M^{\ast}$) and patchiness index (PAI) showed positive values for all plots.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.808-823
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• 2008

Sediment abrasion in rivers is caused by the interaction between bedrock channel bed and sediment particles transported through the river. Abrasion rate of sediment particles in rivers is controlled by two major factors; Sediment transport conditions including hydraulic conditions form the erosive forces and physical and chemical strengths of the particles form a resistance force against abrasion and other erosional processes. Physical experiments were performed to find the role of each variable on sediment abrasion process. Total 266 sediment particles were used in this experiment. All sediment particles were divided into 11 independent sediment groups with sediment particle size and sediment loads. Each sediment groups were abraded in tumbling mill for up to 8 hours. Changes in weight were recorded by run and total: 2,128 cases of abrasion rate were recoded. Physical strength of rock particles was measured with point load strength index. It is found that sediment abrasion rate has a negative functional relationship point load strength index ($I_{a(50)}$) ($R^2=0.22$). It was suggested that physical strength of sediment particles set the "maximum possible abrasion rate'. As sediment flux increases, abrasion rates of sediment particles with similar point load strength index were changed. It could be concluded that not only physical characteristics of sediment particles, but also sediment transport conditions control sediment abrasion rates.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Since 2005, Korea Venture Investment Corp. (KVIC) has been managing Korean Fund of Funds (KFoF) which helped greatly the domestic venture capitals create their private funds. Its contribution, however, is not limited fetching the pump. When KFoF decides to invest in VC funds, it demands very strict rules the VC funds need to follow before and after their investments in private equities. Whether this tight control of investments does hinder GPs' creativity or rather enhance GPs' transparency and professionalism is an open question subject to empirical tests. If KFoF is only fetching the pump, and neither fund size or time horizon improves VC funds' return rates, then KFoF's involvement in VC funds should not be positively related to VC funds' return rates. If, on the other hand, KFoF harms GPs' creativity, KFoF's involvement should be negatively related to VC funds' performances. Still, if KFoF promotes GPs' transparency and professionalism, its presence in VC funds should positively affect the returns earned by VC funds. Even when KFoF only got to get quality VC funds because those GPs good enough to stand up to the tight conditions set forth by KFoF, the empirical implication will yield the same results. In this article, empirical tests are carried out using the data provided by Korea Venture Capital Association. The VC funds formed and liquidated from 2000 to 2018 are selected for the tests. The results show that VC funds with the presence of KFoF exceed VC funds without KFoF in returns, which supports the hypothesis that KFoF enhances transparency and professionalism of VC funds.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of morphologic pelvis according to age and gender. Pelvis AP(anterior-posterior) projection were taken from 382 individuals (men: 194, women: 188) at the age of twenty and older. We measured four values of pelvis using CR (computed radiological system) including maximum pelvic breadth (MPB), sacral breadth (SB), transverse diameter of pelvic inlet (TD), and distance between femoral heads (DFH). Average (t-test, ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were calculated for comparison. While there was no significant difference of gender in case of MPB, significant differences were observed in SB (men 97.76 mm, women 102.00 mm), TD (men 138.0 mm, women 149.79 mm), and DFH (men 141.94 mm, women 150.39 mm). The DFH values were negatively correlated with the age (men r=-0.280, women r=-0.207). The morphological changes of pelvis were measured high in the men of 50's and in the women of 60's and 70's. The SB, TD and DFH were greater in the women than in the man. As the ages get higher, the deviation of pelvis were gradually increased, which indicates that the morphological changes of pelvis with respect to the age reflects an aging process.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1994

The weathering of the Namsan granite was studied in terms of sorption process. The Namsan granite consists mainly of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase (${Ab_{85}An_{15}}-Ab_{100}$ and biotite with small amounts of sericite, magnetite and ilmenite. The kinetic factors for altering the granite body are the proton and hydroxyl ions derived from the reaction of water and mineral. There are two different types of pH variation curves for rocks of different mineral assemblages. when powdered granite was dispersed in distilled water under ambient condition. The sorption-process proceeds by three steps for fresh granite; (1) the initial rapid pH-rise to 10 by the uptake of proton by negatively charged mineral surfaces, (2) the gradual pH-down, and (3) the stable pH tail between 7.1-7.5. For somewhat weathered granites, the sorption proceeds; (1) the initial rapid pH-down to 4.8, (2) the slight pH-rise and slow ph-down, and (3) the stable pH tail between 5.0-5.3. The reaction rate is controlled by the density of adsorbable sites, the solubility of the mineral, pH of the system and formation of amorphous gel and gibbsite. Amorphous gel floates on the surface of the solution while stirring the powdered granite and then is transformed into gibbsite in an hour or so. The pH saturation values for -325 mesh fresh granite from 5 m depth is about pH 10 when rock/water ratio is over 10g/200 ml.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.3 s.92
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

In order to investigate the action mechanism of protein kinase C on $K^+$ channel in osteoblastic cell, effects of phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate on human osteoblast-like cells (G292) were studied by patch clamp technique with cell-attacked configuration. 111 this experiment, 45pS ion channel was dominant in G292 cell line according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140mM KCl saline at holding potential of 60mV. In torrent-voltage relationship, reversal potential was 5.5mV at the condition of potassium enriched saline in the pipette and -27 mV at the condition of standard extracellular saline In the pipette. Phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate 10nM increased the open probability of 45pS channel and staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, suppressed this effect. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate moved the reversal potential of 45pS channel to more negative potential and increased the single channel current at the same membrame potential. In order to check the activation of protein kinase C in G292 cell by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, western blot of protein kinase C was performed. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate $0.1{\mu}M$ translocated protein kinase C from cellular compartment to membrane compartment of the cell. These findings suggest that phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, one of phorbol esters, activate 45pS channel In G292 cell and affect cell membrane potential, that regulate cellular function.