• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1997

We carried out a survey on tributary streams in some agricultural areas along Nakdong River to evaluate the effects of agricultural practices on pollution of stream water and groundwater. General properties, nutrient materials and heavy metals in water samples were measured. General physicochemical properties of tributary stream waters were at levels favorable for agricultural water. Heavy metals, except Zn, were mostly not detected. Total-N contents were much higher than the criteria of agricultural water, and nitrate-N accounts for more than a half of total-N. Phosphorus contents were higher than the lower level of P for algae growth and the contents were high especially in summer. In ground waters which are used for irrigation, P were mostly at same levels as those in streams, and nitrate contents were higher than 10mg/L in some samples. In these results only those N and P contents in stream and ground waters higher than pollution criteria are problematic and they are traceable to agricultural nonpoint sources-fertilizers, livestock farms and sewage. Further researches are needed to evaluate contributions of each nonpoint source on stream water pollutions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

Water analyses were conducted on 1,525 underground water laid in the western district of Korea's South Gyeongsang Province, from January 2007 until July 2010, according to sections, factors, fountainheads and inter-factor correlativities. The following are the results. 1. As a result of local incongruity rate, 18.2% in inland areas, coastal areas and 24.5% showed a high value comparatively. Costal areas showed high incongruity rate. 2. As a result of local incongruity rate, they were found that the total colony count and general bactria 39.9%, 42.6% showed a high in costal areas. 3. As a result of local factorial inspection, it was found that the turbidity content counted up to 0 to 0.2 NTU in 59.4% in inland areas, 60.2% in costal areas of sections, and in other 12.6%, 14.0%, it exceeded 0.5 NTU. As a result of local factorial inspection, it was found that the nitrate-nitrogen content counted up to 0 to 10 mg/L in 98.2% in inland areas, 97.6% in costal areas of sections, and in other 1.8%, 2.4%, it exceeded 10 mg/L. As regards chloride in coastal areas, water quality standards for chloride 250 mg/L exceeds the 1.4% higher then in inland areas. 4. Hardness in inland areas was closely correlated with total solids (r = 0.910), sulfate ion (r = 0.819). Also, total solids and boron (r = 0.600) showed high correlativities. On the other hand hardness in coastal areas was closely correlated with total solids (r = 0.919), chloride (r = 0.829). Also sulfate ion was closely correlated with hardness (r = 0.599), turbidity and aluminum (r = 0.635) showed high correlativities in this research.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.270-274
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• 2004

군포시는 인구 27만 376명(2001)의 도시로서 녹지지역, 공업지역, 주거지역, 상업지역이 혼재되어 있는 복합기능의 기존 도시지역과 최근의 도시계획에 의하여 도시기능들이 분리되어 있는 신도시지역으로 구성되어 있어서 전체적으로 복합도시의 성격을 갖고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 인하여 지역별 환경오염의 정도가 다르게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 군포시 환경현황을 알아보기 위해 17개 지점의 퇴적토와 16개 지점의 약수터를 선정하여 군포시의 환경문제 가운데 하상퇴적물과 음용수로 사용하고 있는 약수터의 수질환경 변화를 월별로 비교$\cdot$분석하였다. 그 결과 휘발성고형물(VSS)은 도시권 영역인 당정천 지역(9,10)에서 높은 농도를 보였으며, 영양염류의 지표인 총질소(T-N)와 총인(T-P)의 경우 생활하수의 직접적인 영향을 받고 있는 15지점이 T-N 12.2mg/kg, T-P 6.09mg/kg의 농도를 보이고 있으며 중금속의 농도는 공업지역 부근인 3,9,10지점에서 납의 농도가 다른 중금속에 비하여 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 약수의 경우 모든 음이온 항목이 먹는물 수질기준을 만족하고 있으므로 건강상 유해한 영향이나 심미적인 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of physico-chemical environmental factors on the changes of bacterial population from two sites used for drinking water and eight sites polluted with various pollutant in Seoul city. In all the stations except for two sites used for drinking water, the concentrations of nitrate- nitrogen and ammonia were in excess of the criteria of groundwater quality by the result of analysis of 40 variations including physicochemical environmental factors, heavy metals, and bacterial populations. The numbers of total bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria were ranged from 5.1 to 41.4${\times}$10$\^$5/cells/ml and from 0.01 to 29.6${\times}$10$^4$cfu/ml, respectively. The activities of extracellular enzymes showed the ranges of 0.005∼11.3${\mu}$M/l/hr and its order to lipase, phophatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase. The results of correspondence and multidimensional scaling analysis between bacterial populations and its physico-chemical environmental factors were explained the effects of physico-chemical environmental factors according to site characters and separated four group, which is accord with potential pollutants at wells.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1995

In the Vicinity of the Sindae-dong waste disposal site in Taejon, the average Cu, pb and Zn concentrations in soils are higher than those in other Korean soils but these are not high enough to cause any harmful effect to human and animal through the crop plants. Copper, Pb and Zn are not detected in the groundwater samples and F, Cl, $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $SO_4$ concentrations in groundwater samples are lower than drinking water standards. However, the pH of groundwater sample in site D is 5.58 which is not suitable for the drinking water. With the electric resistivity method, the water-containg layers are found in contaminated soils and the resistivity values are considerably low because of the dispersion of plume by the leak of leachates. According to the results from the magnetic survey method, the anomalous values of the total geomagnetic fields and their gradients are found in the sampling site of low resistivity and high trace element concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.456-460
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• 1998

This research was attempted to prove suppressing effect of medicinal plants on the intestinal absorption of toxic heavy metals. In vitro study was performed by membrane filtration considering intestinal absorption conditions. From drinking water contaminated singly with 10 and 50 times level of water quality standard for heavy metals, the removal ratio of lead was $40{\sim}60%$ by Chicorium intybus, Angelica acutiloba and Ganoderma lucidium. And the removal ratio of cadmium was $20{\sim}40%$. The removal ratio of lead contaminated with both was $30{\sim}50%$ by every sample similarly, the removal ratio of cadmium was $10{\sim}30%$. The removal ratio of Angelica acutiloba was more higher than Chicorium intybus and Ganoderma lucidium. Considering the extraction conditions of samples, $70^{\circ}C$, 2 min conditions were higher than $95^{\circ}C$, 10 min conditions, the removal ratios of heavy metals were similar. And the membrane filter permeated the material under 500 mw selectively, so the final filtrate could regard as passive transport in intestinal absorption. In conclusion, this research exhibited that the medicinal plants beverages have a suppressing effect on intestinal absorption of lead and cadmium in drinking water.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1 s.97
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

This study was investigated to tile influences of clearcutting of timber harvesting on stream water quality at a natural deciduous forest catchment within the Seoul National University Research Forests in Mt. Baegun, Chunnam province during the periods of 1993 to 2001. Soil chemical ingredients and stream water qualities were monitored at 13 ha clearcutting site, non-treatment site and included in these catchment nearby. After the harvesting first and End years, the levels of total- N,　and exchangeable ions ($K^+,\;Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$) were decreased the values of before　harvesting, and after the harvesting 111th years and eighth years, respectively. But the chemical characteristics of soil were not changed at all. pH of water in the harvesting area was 6.5 in stream water. Among the nutrient, Cd, Pb, Cu, and phosphate were not found, and the level of BOD reached at the level of the domestic use for drinking. Turbidity, odor, taste, $NH_4\;^+-N,\;NO_3\;^--N$, standard plate count, and coliform were also low enough to be used as the domestic use for drinking in the near villagers. Total amount of cation, total amount of anion and total amount of ion in clearcutting site, non- treatment site and included in these catchment nearby were higher than clearcutting site and non- treatment site. But, there was no great difference.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2002

Contents of the specific components in the natural mineral water was discussed in relation to the well depth and geology. According to water quality data during the last five years(1998~2002), the nitrate and fluoride concentrations, and pH averaged 0.89~ 1.09 mg/L, 0.37~0.45 mg/L, and 7.30~7.59, respectively. These values are the similar range to those of generalized groundwater having same well depths, implying that shallow groundwaters flow into the production wells. In general, no clear relationships between the water quality, well depth, and geology were found. The average arsenic concentration of the natural mineral water increased from 0.0024 mg/L in 1999 to 0.0066 mg/L in 2002. The percentage of production well with arsenic level higher than 0.001 mg/L also increased from 20.1% in 1999 to 64.9% in 2002. In 2002, 11 out of 57 production wells exceed 0.001 mg/L which will be announced as a new arsenic standard for drinking water by USEPA.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.210-219
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• 1996

Extraction of minerals in deionized water and elimination effect of heavy metals in water by Nohwado Quartz Porphyry were examined. When the Nohwado Quartz Porphyry was immersed and stirred in deionized water at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% concentration for 3 hours, various minerals concentration of the all stirred water were suitable for potable water. Particularly, when the lead, copper, cadmium and arsenic solution were shaked with Quartz Porphyry at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, the elimination rate of each mineral was 99.5, 99.9, 95.0 and 66.5%, respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, parathion. diazinon, and carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl, by enzyme-inhibition method. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method were 166.6 and 5.8 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, and in chicken plasma were 23.1 and 8.3 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, respectively. The optimum pH of AChE and ChE was 8.2 and 7.8, respectively. The Km of AChE and ChE was 0.034 and 0.045 mM, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by some organophosphorus was 55.82 and 99.42 mg/L of malathion, 31.16 and 29.13 mg/L of parathion, and 17.89 and 19.62 mg/L of diazinon, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by carbaryl of carbamate was 0.10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The 0.07 mg/L of drinking water advisory level for carbaryl could be detected with I$\_$50/ of AChE and ChE. Enzyme-Inhibition (EI) method with AChE and ChE was used the multiresidue method to detect the 1 mg/L of the carbamate pesticides.