• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1998

Methanol extract and various solvent fractions from Moutan Cortex were tested for their antimicrobial activities, free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative activities, and phenolic compounds in ethylacetate fraction were analyzed by GC and HPLC. In the antimicrobial activities test, the ethylacetate fraction of methanol extract showed stronger than other fractions. The antimirobial activities were more effective against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of ethylacetate fraction showed 156-1250$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against Cram positive bacteria and 2500-5000$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg against Gram negative bacteria. The free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative activities using linoleic acid were higher in ethylacetate fraction. The antioxidative activity of ethylacetate fraction was similar to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The 3 major phenolic compounds were analyzed by GC and HPLC and these content were determined. The content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl gallate and gallic acid were 1.35%, 14.61% and 4.01%, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Hibiscus cannabinus L. is a plant in the Malvaceae family, that was seeded at June 1st in 2010 and harvested at November 18th. The present study was designated to investigate the safety for host cells, antibacterial effects of Hibiscus cannabinus L. of flower (HCME-F) or leaf (HMEF-L) methanol extract for typical Gram's positive bacteria (St. aureus and Str. epidermidis) or Gram's negative bacteria (S. typhimurium and E. coli). In treatment of different concentrations of HCME-F or HMEF-L (1, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$), cytotoxic effects were not shown to RAW 264.7 cells until 24 h incubation. In determination of antibacterial activity of HCME-F or HMEF-L, the antibacterial activities for St. aureus and Str. epidermidis were markedly increased compared to that of untreated control group, but antibacterial activity of HCME-F or HMEF-L for S. typhimurium and E. coli were not changed. Taken together, we demonstrated that methanol extract of HCME-F or HMEF-L showed the safety for RAW 264.7 cells and antibacterial activities for Gram's positive pathogenic bacteria St. aureus and Str. epidermidis. These findings suggest that a methanol extract of Kenaf flower or leaf may be useful alternatives of conventional chemotherapies for dermatitis and mastitis causing Gram's positive pathogens such as Stapylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. in domestic animals and humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.705-711
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• 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urogenital disorder in men, benign tumor and is a typical disease deteriorating the quality of old men's lives, and its prevalence increases with age. Though the molecular pathogenesis of BPH has not yet been clearly revealed, it is known that the variation and aging of the endocrine including sex hormone may cause BPH. Especially the hypertrophy of the prostate cell by the formation of the excessive dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is estimated to cause BPH. If testosterone exists excessively in blood, a lot of DHT is produced in prostate by $5{\alpha}-reductase$. Thus, in this study we tried to analyze haematological change and histopathological change by using the model rat with BPH caused by hypodermic injection of testosterone to prove the effect of Houttuynia cordata extracts on BPH. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: no treatment group (N), the testosterone injection and D.W treatment group (DO), the testosterone injection and Houttuynia cordata treatment group (HO) and testosterone injection and finasteride treatment group (FO). Prostate weight, volume and weight ratio in the HO and FO groups were significantly lower than the DO group. Testosterone and DHT levels in the HO group were significantly lower than the DO group. The HO and FO groups showed trophic symptoms and were lined by flattened epithelial cells, thus, the stromal proliferation is relatively low as compared to the DO group. These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata may control benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.289-297
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• 1999

최근 생약 추출물의 항균, 항염효과에 관한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 이를 이용한 치주질환의 예방 및 억제효과에 관한 연구들이진행되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 시험관 실험을 통하여 이미 밝혀진 후박 및 대조추출물의 치주질환 원인 균에 대한 항균, 항염효과를 성견에서 인위적으로 치주질환을 일으킨 후 실험 약제의 경구투여를 통하여 질환의 진행에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 실험동물은 생후 18개월된 비글견 6마리를 이용하였다. 상악은 제2,3 소구치 및 제4소구치에 하악은 제2, 3, 4 소구치 및 제1 대구치를 실험대상 치아로 하였으며 교정용 철사와 봉합사를 이용하여 치경부주위에 결찰하여 인위적 치주질환을 일으켰다. 염증 유발 8주 후에 결찰을 풀고 실험동물을 아무 것도 투여하지 않은 군(음성대조군, 3마리), 후박 및 대조 추출혼합물 투여군(실험군, 3마리)으로 나누었다. 실험 시작 (-8주), 약제 투여 시작(0주), 투여 후 2, 4, 6, 8주째에 치태지수, 치은지수, Florida Probe를 이용한 치주낭깊이 및 치은열구액 등의 임상지수를 측정하였다. 염증유발 8주동안에 치태지수, 치은지수, 치주낭깊이, 치은열구액은 급속히 증가하였다. 결찰은 제거하고, 약제를 투여한 이후 실험군에서 치은지수, 치주낭깊이, 치은열구액은 가장 높은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 실험군에서는 8주가 될때까지 임상지수 수치가 낮아지고 있었으며, 8주째에는 대부분의 지수에서 음성대조군과 유의성 있는 차이를 보이고 있었다. 양성대조군에서 비해서 실험군은 대부분의 경우에 임상지수가 나이지고 있었지만 6주 또는 8주째의 치은지수, 치주낭깊이 중 일부만을 제외하고는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이 연구결과 후박 및 대조 추출혼합물이 in vitro뿐만 아니라 in vivo 상태에서도 치주염의 치료 및 골재생의 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 동물실험의 결과를 바탕으로 임상시험을 거쳐 향후 사람에게 유용한 치주염치료제로 개발, 사용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2005

This study was investigated to determine antimicrobial activity of the water and ethanol extracts of Korean wild green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea. Antimicrobial activity was examined against 8 kinds of several microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the water and ethanol extracts of green tea showed the most active antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis 0.2 mg/mL in Gram positive bacteria and P. fluorescens 0.3∼0.5 mg/mL in Gram negative bacteria. But the extracts did not show antimicrobial activity against lactic acid bacteria and yeast at the level of less than 1 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity got lower as tea got more fermented. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts from green tea, semifermented tea, and fermented tea was stronger than that of water extracts. Antimicrobial activity of the water and ethanol extracts of green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea was not destroyed at 50∼121$^{\circ}C$, and pH 3∼11, which proved to be very stable when given over heat, acid & alkali treatment. The ethanol extract of green tea, semi-fermented tea, and fermented tea was fractionated in the order of hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction. The highest antimicrobial activity was found in the water fraction, but not found in hexane fraction, while antimicrobial activity of fermented tea was not found in ether fraction.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2013

Sophorae radix extract (SRE) has been registered as an environment-friendly organic material that is widely used in the cultivation of crops in Korea. Matrine, the active ingredient in SRE, was reported as a toxic substance in the nervous system in mice. However, no information is available on its toxic effects in other organisms. Therefore, antimutagenicity and two kinds of genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration test) of two samples of SRE were investigated in this study. Antimutagenicity test was experimented by using bacterial reverse mutation test. In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurim TA98, TA1535 and TA1537 were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SRE. Bacterial reverse mutation test was also performed on positive and negative control groups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (with S-9 mix) and metabolic non-activation system (without S-9 mix). In the chromosome aberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to SRE for 6 or 24 hours without S-9 mix, or for 6 hours with S-9 mix. Negative and positive control groups were experimented for chromosome aberration test. As a result, the number of mutated colonies induced by 4-NQO were reduced by SRE treatment in all strains, indicating that SRE may have antimutagenic effects. Reverse mutation was not shown at all concentrations of SRE, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system. In the chromosomal aberration test, one of the SRE sample gave a suspicious positive result at 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ in the presence of S-9 mix. For the more adequate evaluation of the genotoxic potential of SRE samples, other in vivo genotoxicity study is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.527-531
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• 2001

In order to isolate antioxidant substances from Rhus verniciflua (RV) , the dried stem bark was extracted with water. The crude water extracts was purified by using HPLC method with a DEAE (anionic type) , CN and ODS column. The purified compound remained stable at pH 3.0∼6.0. but unstable above pH 6.5. It was stable at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, but still had about 80% of residual activity after treatment at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. In antimicrobial test, no inhibition was observed against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This compound was stronger than that of commercial antioxidant showed that DPPH test, such as BHT, BHC at the same concentration (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) .

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.456-463
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 types of medicinal herbs (Glycyrrhizae radix, Astragali radix and Dioscorea rhizoma) extracts on estrogen-like activities, proliferation and differentiation in osteoblast. Human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was transfected using an estrogen responsive luciferase reporter plasmid for measure the estrogen-like activity. Estrogen-like activities of extracts were in the range of 1.11~5.73 fold to that of negative control. The extract of G. radix showed the strongest estrogen-like activities. The estrogen-like activities of 50 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ extracts of G. radix were similar to that of $10^{-8}$ and $10^{-7}$ M standard solution ($17{\beta}-estradiol$), respectively. G. radix extract showed no cytotoxicity against osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells at $1{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The extract of A. radix showed no significant proliferation of osteoblast. However, the extract of G. radix and D. rhizome showed maximum 148% and 133% proliferation effects. The extract of G. radix also increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the maximum was 122% at $100{\mu}g/ml$ compared to that of control. The nodule formation by the method of the Alizarin red S staining increased compared to control. These results suggest that G. radix is able to perform the bone formation and prevent osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2008

Currently, natural food colorants and preservatives are being used for their general health benefits. Monascus koji, the product of certain fungi that grow on rice grains, has been added to many foods for coloring and preservation. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of Monascus koji ethanol extracts were investigated. Six Monascus strains (M. araneosus KFRI 00371, M. kaoliang ATCC 46597, M. pilosus IFO 4520, M. purpureus IFO 4482, M. ruber IFO 32318 and M. sp. ATCC 16437) were selected based on their relative intensity of red pigment. Two Monascus extracts, M. kaoliang ATCC 46597 and M. purpureus IFO 4482, displayed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium in concentration-dependent manners. The two extracts showed their strongest antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium, a cause of food poisoning. Therefore, these results suggest that Monascus koji could be used as a natural food colorant and preservative.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2005

Antimicrobial effects of the extracts from Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The antimicrobial effects of methanol extract (8 mg, 20 mg) of 0.2 g and 0.5 g. eq. of Castanea crenata leaf was stronger than that of 0.65 mg of benzoic acid against Gram(+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bacillus subtilig and Gram(-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Growth inhibition of various microorganisms was observed in Castanea crenata leaf, therefor the Castanea crenata leaf were solvent fractionated. The ethyl acetate-soluble acidic and phenolic fraction were showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms tested. The acidic fraction was purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC, subsequantly. The antimicrobial active substance isolated from the acid fraction of Castanea crenata leaf was characterized as stigmast-5-en-3-ol($\beta$-sitosterol) by MS and NMR analysis.