• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

In dance sport, hip movement is the most basic and essential technique, connecting the body movements to make the body move organically, and providing an overall balance of body movements. From that perspective, this study focused on the Cucarachas movement, representing a series of efficient hip movements in the center of gravity. For the purposes of this study, 4 dance sport participants who had won prizes at international contests were selected in order to analyze such variables as the radius of gyration (shift) on the hips and the shift of the center of gravity when scapula depression was performed and when it was not. To examine differences in these kinematic variables, a paired t-test was conducted, resulting in the following findings: First, the dancers were found to be able to control scapula depression, and a significant difference was observed in the vertical axis(Z) between the times when scapula depression was performed and when it was not. Second, when scapula depression was performed, shifts in the left-right axis(X) and anterior-posterior axis(Y) were found; the left-right axis showed a greater difference than the anterior-posterior axis. Third, scapula depression was found to have an influence on the shift to the left-right axis(X) of the center of gravity.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.82-87
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• 2016

This study investigates effects of an aging period on arsenic (As) chemical forms in soils and phytotoxicity using artificially As-contaminated soils with a range of As concentrations (0-300 mg/kg) and aging periods (0 and 3 months). A sequential extraction procedure showed that the increasing As concentration in soils increased the ratio of non-specifically and specifically bound As, which are known to be bioavailable. This resulted in increasing As uptake by tomatoes with increasing As concentration (R²=0.87 for exponential fitting); however, the seed germination was not sensitive to the As concentrations of the soil samples. The seed germination was also statistically similar in the soils with 75 and 150 mg-As/kg regardless of the aging period. The time taken until the seed germination (i.e., lag phase), on the other hand, decreased from 10 d to 3 d with aging for 3 months. This can be attributed to the decreased amount of bioavailable As with aging. Overall, this study shows that when the toxic effects of the As-contaminated soils are assessed using tomato plants, it is better to use more sensitive methods than seed germination such as the As accumulation or the lag phase for seed germination.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.6-13
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• 2016

The effect of blast oxygen furnace (BOF) slag used as filling materials on the soil environment was studied using column tests that simulated the flow of the BOF slag leachate through the soil layer. The Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, and F contents of the leachate affected soil were similar to that of the controls (i.e., soils that were not affected by the leachate). The As, Cd, and Pb contents were lower in the leachate affected soils than the controls. The changes in these contaminants contents can be attributed to the interactions between anions such as alkalinity generating anions (e.g., CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, OH⁻) or calcium ions with heavy metals or F, which consequently affected the fate of heavy metals and F in the leachate affected soils. The germination and growth of Spinapis alba in the soils affected by the leachate and the controls were also similar. However, the proportion of alkalophilic bacteria in the soils affected by the leachate significantly increased, and this can be explained by the increased soil pH due to the alkaline leachate. Overall, this study shows that the alkalinity of the BOF slag leachate, rather than the presence of heavy metals and F in the leachate, needs to be considered when the BOF slag is to be reused as structural filling materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.630-636
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• 2015

The study aims at analyzing a species composition of the fish live in bottom of the coastal waters off Sejon island, Korea. To reach the goal of the study, a species composition and it's seasonally fluctuation, a seasonally fluctuation of the dominant species and it's appearance type were analyzed with the fishes caught by the bottom trawl in the coastal waters off Sejon island from May, 2011 to March, 2012. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; Fish caught in this area composes 10 orders, 25 families, and 37 species. The most dominant species in an number of fish was Pennahia argentata which was occupied at 42.1% from the whole number, the second most dominant species was Konosirus punctatus which was occupied at 14.2%. The most dominant species in a biomass of fish was Pennahia argentata which was 31.3% out of the whole catch, the next dominant species was Lophius litulonwhich which was 18.2%. The first group (Trichiurus lepturus, Zeus faber, Pennahia argentata, Chelidonichthys spinosus and Lophius litulon) was appeared at May, August, October, the second group (Sphyraena pinguis) was appeared at May and November, the third group (Pampus argenteus) was appeared at August, the fourth group (Pampus echinogaster, Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus and Engraulis japonicus) was appeared at March.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of applied insole types to lower extremities muscle fatigue during treadmill exercise. The control group and each different insole type group consisted of ten healthy male subjects. In the control group and each different insole type (soft type; 10 shore, semi-rigid type; 33 shore, rigid type; 50 shore) treadmill exercise was performed in twenty-five minutes. The electromyography (EMG) signals of four muscle (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris) were recording at sampling rate of 1024 Hz during treadmill exercise. The localized muscle fatigue (LMF) can be investigated using power spectral analysis. When did data analysis that excepted initial five minutes. The raw EMG signals was processed using the fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and the median power frequency value was determined in initial ten second period and in last ten second period. Fatigue index was calculated and collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 10.0 two-way using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures ($4{\times}4$) was used to determine the main effect and interaction. Post hoc was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was .05. Muscles fatigue index were significantly decreased in insole types (p<.05) and not significantly different in muscle (p>.05). Post hoc analysis shows that fatigue index in soft insole type, semi-rigid insole type and rigid insole type were lower than that control group (p=.028, p=.146, p=.095). There were no interaction between insole type and muscles (p>.05). The finding of this study can be used as a fundamental data when insole is applied and insole can be used to decreased of a fatigue during the dynamic exercise.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-148
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide practical support methods of the library education and cultural programs for people with physical disabilities through the qualitative investigation. To collect data, focus group and individual interviews were conducted. Fourteen people with physical disabilities and six parents were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis, three themes and thirteen subthemes were emerged: (1) cognition about library, (2) difficulties of using the library, (3) support methods for activating library use. Finally, discussions, implications and future directions of library education and cultural programs for people with physical disabilities were presented based on the results of the study. We expect that this research can serve as a basis for further effort to develop library education and cultural programs suited for the unique needs of people with physical disabilities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.169-184
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental forgiveness and parent-child communication on school-age children's forgiveness in late childhood. Methods: A total of 231 fifth and sixth graders (122 boys and 109 girls) living in Daegu participated in the study. They responded to questionnaires regarding parental forgiveness, parent-child communication and children's forgiveness. The data were analyzed by t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and SEM using SPSS 18.0 and LISREL 9.1. Results: First, paternal forgiveness had a direct effect on children's forgiveness. Second, parental forgiveness had an indirect effect on children's forgiveness through parent-child communication. Finally, multigroup analyses revealed that paternal forgiveness had a direct effect and an indirect effect through father-child communication on boys' forgiveness, whereas maternal forgiveness had an indirect effect on girls' forgiveness through mother-child communication. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the gender of parents and children needs to be considered to explain school-age children's forgiveness. In addition, these findings have implications for future research and practice by highlighting the importance of parental forgiveness and parent-child communication in forgiveness education programs for children and parent education programs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

Objectives: Alumina nanoparticles ($Al_2O_3$, Al-NPs) are used for various purposes, including as coating agents and paint additives. Their potential toxicity has raised concern for human health. This study focuses on exploring the toxic effects on the brain and kidneys caused by Al-NPs exposure in rats. Methods: The animals were orally administered Al-NPs at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 28 days following OECD TG 407. To determine the targeted toxicity of Al-NPs, histopathological examination and gene expression analysis were conducted on the rats. Results: The Al-NPs treatment induced kidney tubular dilatation. In the rat cerebrums, the expression levels of 126 genes experienced two-fold or greater increases in response to Al-NPs, including other genes encoding proteins involved in cell differentiation, transcription and signal transduction. In the rat kidneys, the expression levels of 152 genes also showed two-fold or greater increases in response to Al-NPs, including other genes encoding proteins involved in apoptosis, transcription and signal transduction. Conclusion: These results suggest that exposure to Al-NPs influences cellular signal pathways of kidney and cerebrum, and it can be a toxic indicators of nanometrials.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2016

A comparison of ozone simulations in the seoul metropolitan region (SMR) using the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model with SAPRC99 and CB05 chemical mechanisms (i.e. EXP-SP99 and EXP-CB05) has been conducted during four seasons of 2012. The model results showed that the differences in average ozone concentrations between the EXP-SP99 and EXP-CB05 were found to be large in summer, but very small in the other seasons. This can be attributed that the SAPRC99 tends to produce more ozone than the CB05 in urban area like the SMR with low VOC/NOx ratio under high ozone conditions. Through quantitative comparison between two mechanisms for the summer, it was found that the average ozone concentrations from the EXP-SP99 were about 3 ppb higher than those from the EXP-CB05 and agreed well with the observations. Horizontal differences in ozone concentrations between SAPRC99 and CB05 showed that significant differences were found in southern part of the SMR and over the sea near the coast in summer.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of the study is 1) to improve the previously developed KHLAT(Korean Health Literacy Assessment Tool) by testing two versions of KHLAT and 2) to develop guidelines to the grade range for KHLAT. Methods: The two versions of KHLAT(2) KHLAT(4) were administered to students from 1st grade to 12th grade in Busan. Data on 2673 participants were analyzed. Comparisons were made according to the grade range in REALM and the Korean grade range. Results: Both versions showed the increase of scores as the grade level increases. Female scored higher than male. However, the mean score (39.16) of KHLAT(2) was higher than that (29.6) of KHLAT(4). This result might be due to more specified responses of KHLAT(4). This difference was more clearly shown when the REALM grade range and Korean grade range were compared. The mean scores of KHLAT were lower than the means scores of the REALM in USA. Conclusions: The guidelines which were based on Korean school grad range were more suitable for Koreans.