• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.237
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• pp.6-15
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• 2023

최근 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(AI)의 확산세가 심상치 않다. 미국은 지난해 1월 이후, 47개 주의 가금농장에서 805건이 발생해 5,800만 마리의 가금을 살처분했고, 유럽은 작년 10월 이후 독일, 프랑스 등 24개국에서 고병원성 AI 603건이 발생했다. 일본도 작년 10월 이후 82건이 발생하여 역대 최대 발생 건수를 기록했다. 우리나라도 지난해 10월 17일 경북 예천군 소재 종오리 농장에서 고병원성 AI가 처음 발생한 이후 가금농장에서 70건이 넘는 AI가 발생했다. 야생조류에서는 가장 이른 시기인 지난해 10월 10일에 검출됐고, 항원도 역대 두번째로 많은 174건이 검출됐다. 정부는 야생조류의 개체수가 늘어나는 등 고병원성 AI 위험도가 높아짐에 따라 특별방역기간을 한달 더 연장하고 방역을 위해 총력을 기울였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지난 4월 1일 전남 나주의 육용오리 농장에서 고병원성 AI가 발생했다. 점차 위험도가 높아지고 있는 AI, 무엇을 준비해야 할까.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.244
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• pp.8-13
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• 2023

지난 11월 2일 전북 부안군 소재 육용오리 농장에서 출하전 검사 중 H5 항원이 검출됐다. 방역대 내 전업농이 23호로 오리 126만4,000마리가 사육되고 있어 오리업계 전체가 긴장을 했었다. 언론에서는 럼피스킨병과 구제역, 아프리카돼지열병, 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(AI)등 가축감염병 4개가 한해동안 모두 창궐하는 사상 초유의 '가축감염병 쿼드러플' 악재를 우려하며 연일 경고의 기사를 쏟아내고 있다. AI 발병에 대한 위험도가 높아지고 있는 가운데 농림축산식품부가 평창 동계올림픽을 앞두고 AI 예방차원에서 시작한 오리농가 사육제한이 올해로 7년째에 접어들었다. 게다가 올해 10월부터는 농식품부가 AI 위험지역 내 오리농가를 대상으로 농식품부장관이 지자체장에게 사육 제한을 지시하는 것을 내용으로 하는 가축전염병 예방법 시행령을 개정해 시행 중에 있다. 사육제한으로 오리업계는 고질적인 수급 불안과 오리고기 가격 폭등으로 산업적 발전이 저해당하고 있는 상황이다. 오리사육제한 시행 7년, 과연 AI 예방에는 오리 사육제한만이 방법일까. 오리사육제한에 대한 명암을 살펴보고 AI예방을 위한 보다 근본적인 방안을 고민해 본다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.246
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• pp.8-11
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• 2023

2023년 12월 13일 전남도 영암 소재 육용 오리 농장에서 H5형 조류인플루엔자(AI) 항원이 검출됐다. 이번 의사 환축은 무안군 방역지역 정기 검사 과정에서 전남도동물위생시험소 검사 결과 H5형 조류인플루엔자 항원이 확인, 최종 고병원성 여부를 농림축산검역본부에서 확인했다. 전남도는 H5형 항원 검출 즉시 가축위생방역지원본부 초동방역팀 2명을 투입해 해당 농장에 대해 출입 통제와 소독 등 방역 조치를 취하고 도 현장 지원관을 파견해 주변 환경조사를 실시했다. 추가 확산 방지를 위해 H5 검출농장에 대해 선제적으로 살처분하고 발생농장 반경 10km 이내를 방역지역으로 설정하고 이동 제한과 소독, 임상예찰을 실시했다. 발생계열 농장과 관계시설에 대해 12월 15일 오전 10시까지 24시간 일시이동중지명령을 내렸다. 이같은 초동방역에도 불구하고 고병원성 AI는 확산일로에 있다. 중요한 것은 이번 AI는 'H5N6형'으로 5년 만에 발생했다는 점에서 그 양상을 달리하고 있다는 것이다. 특히 이번 AI는 증상이 뚜렷하지 않아 농가의 각별한 주의가 요구되고 있는 상황이다. 2024 AI, 무엇이 다를까. 지금까지의 발생상황과 함께 이번 AI의 특징을 알아본다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

These studies were conducted to investigate the various dietary CP and ME feeding effect on productivity, blood composition and meat quality in cross bred chicks. Seven hundred twenty one day old cross bred chicks (Hanhyup Samho) were alloted to the floor pen for early starting (0~2 weeks), starting (3~5 weeks), growing (6~8 weeks), finishing period (9~10 weeks). Dietary ME and CP were 3,000, 3,100 kcal/kg, and 22% for early starting period, 19, 20, 21% for starting period, 18, 19, 20% for growing period, 17, 18, 19% for finishing period. Weight gain and feed consumption were weekly measured and feed conversion ratios were calculated. Blood and breast meat were collected at the end of experiment. Birds fed ME 3,100 kcal/kg diets improved significantly compared with others for the first two weeks (P<0.05). Feed conversion was statistically improved in CP (22)21% treatment relative to that of CP (22)20% from three to five weeks of age. No difference were found from 6 to 8 weeks of age. Weight gain and feed conversion also improved in ME 3,100 kcal/kg treatments, but feed intake decreased significantly in CP ($22{\times}21{\times}20$)19% treatment for the rest of experimental period (P<0.05). There was interaction between ME and CP for the first five weeks (P<0.05). Blood total protein showed higher in ME 3,100 kcal/kcal treatment than ME 3,000 kcal/kg (P<0.05). There were no differences in albumin, total cholesterol and glucose, but CP ($22{\times}20{\times}19$)18 treatment showed higher glucose than other treatments (P<0.05). Cooking loss, tenderness and water holding capacity were not different. However, pH was dependent on dietary ME, CP and existing the interaction between ME and CP treatments (P<0.05). As the results of this experiment, ME and CP were confirmed the 3,000 kcal/kg, 22% for the first two weeks 3,100 kcal/kg, 21% from three to five weeks of age, 3,100 kcal/kg, 18% for the growing period, 3,100 kcal/kg, 17% for the rest of period. However, further research would be required to confirm more optimum dietary nutrition for cross bred chicks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and the carcass ratio of meat-type Korean Native Ducks. Four hundred twenty Korean Native Ducks' chicks were selected and divided into four treatments (7 replications/ treatment, 15 birds/replication) by strains (A and B) and gender(male and female) with $2{\times}2$ fractal factors. There was no significant difference between A and B on the body weight at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks old (P>0.05). However, body weight of female was higher at 2 weeks old than male while that of male was higher at the 8 weeks old (P<0.01). Daily feed intake of male was higher compared to female during 6~8 weeks (P<0.05). On weekly body weight gain, there was no significant difference between strains, but gained body weight of male was higher until 2 weeks old while that of female was higher during 6~8 weeks (P<0.01). On the live body weight and carcass weight by strains and genders, B strain was higher than A strains at the 8 weeks of age (P<0.01). Carcass yield was the highest at 8 weeks of age in both strains (P<0.05). These results may provided the basic data on growth performance and carcass ratio of meat-type Korean Native Ducks.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of level and feeding period of dietary Monascus culture on the performance and cholesterol content of serum and meat in broilers and growing ducks.0.0(C), 0.5(T1), 1.0(T2) and $1.5\%(T3)$ of iwonascus culture which contained 0.5% monacolin-k was added to commercial broiler diets, respectively, and ffd during 2~6 weeks of age in Experiment 1. In Experilnent 2, commercial broiler diet added $1.0\%$ of Monascus culture was fed during $6\~6(C),\;4\~6(T1),\;2\~6(T2)\;and\;0\~6(T3)$ weeks of age, respectively. Three replicates of 16 day-old broilers and 10 day-old growing ducks each were randomly assigned to floor pen, respectively. In Experiment 1, as the level of dietary Monascus culture increased, body weight and feed intake of broilers significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas those of growing ducks tended to increase without significant differences among treatments. Feed/gain ratio both in broilers and growing ducks showed a trend to increase. Cholesterol contents of serum both in broilers and growing ducks significantly decreased(P<0.05), and those of breast and thigh meat tended to decrease as the level of dietary Monascus culture increased. In Experiment 2, as the feeding period of dietary Monascus culture increased, body weight gain(P<0.05) and feed intake of broilers tended to decrease whereas those of growing ducks increased without significant differences anions treatments. Feed/gain ratio also increased without significant differences. Cholesterol contents of serum both in broilers and growing ducks significantly decreased(P<0.05), and those of breast and thigh meat tended to decrease as the feeding period of dietary Monascus culture increased without significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of floor type and heating system on performance, housing environment and health status of ducks reared in three types of duck house (OD : Open floor house-Direct heating system, OF : Open floor house-Floor heating system and LD : Loft type house-Direct heating system). In OF treatment, PVC pipes were installed for heating under concrete floor and covered with litter. In LD treatment, plastic mesh was installed 50 cm above the floor so that duck's droppings can pass through it. Each treatment had four replicates of 25 birds (Cherry Valley duck breed) per pen. There were no significant differences in weight gain and feed intake of ducks for 6 weeks among all treatments. However, feed conversion ratio in LD was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in OF. No differences were found in carcass charac- teristics, with the exception of abdominal fat weight where OF were higher than the others. Concentrations of $CO_2$ and $NH_3$ gas in OD were higher than those of OF and LD at 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Moisture content in litter of OF was lower than that of OD. In contrast, the amount of dust in the air was higher in OF than in OD. The amount of fuel used for 6 weeks in LD was lower about 21% than that in OD. Some of unusual symptoms were observed in open floor house and loft type house, such as lying, spraddle legged, twisted ankle and legs, wounded sole, or etc. No components of leukocyte and erythrocyte of blood were significantly different among all treatments. The results of this experiment showed that OF and LD systems had no positive effects on performance of meat type commercial duck. However, there were some positive effects of certain house type for the improvement of environmental condition in duck house for hygienic production. In the future, more research on the effect of various facilities and systems for duck house is needed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted to estasblish the large scale production of anti-serum against chicken IgG and to profile the developmental changes of serum IgG levels during all the feeding period(from hatching to 7 weeks of age) in broiler chicks. Blood sample were taken from Hubbard chicken hi-daily or /and weekly during the experimental period. The pure IgG was isolated from ammonium sulfate treated chicken serum by ion exchange chromatography. The quantitative assay of serum IgG were carried by RID method. It was observed that IgG concentrations were showed the highest at hatching(4.25 $m\ell$/$m\ell$), after that dicreased rapidly, lowest at 2 weeks of age(0.81 $m\ell$/$m\ell$), and gradually increased to 7 weeks of age (2.48 $m\ell$/$m\ell$) There was no differences of IgG level between sex, but the IgG levels of male chicks dicreased more rapidly and increased earlier thereafter than those of females during the first two weeks of agg.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-101
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• 1982

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the existing method(s) to estimate the edible meat weight in live broiler chicken. Four. breeds of chicken, white Cornish broiler chicks(parent stock), Single Comb White Leghorn(SCWL) egg strain chicks (parent stock), and two reciprocal cross breds of these parent stocks were employed in this study. A total of 480 birds, 60 male and 60 female chicks for each breed, were used. Ten male and 10 female chicks from each breed were randomly sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of ages in order to measure the body weight, edible meat weight of breast and 1eg(thigh and drum-stick), various components of body weight and various body shape measurements. In addition, chemical analyses of edible meat were carried out. Results obtained from this sturd were summarized as follows. 1. The average body weights of White Cornish broiler chicks and SCWL egg strain chicks were 1.82${\pm}$0.048kg(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 0.67${\pm}$0.029 kg. respectively, at 8 weeks of age. The feed to gain ratio for White Cornish and SCWL chicks were 2.24 and 3.28, respectively, for 0 to 8 weeks of age. The reciprocal cross bred chicks (White Cornish ${\times}$ SCWL) showed intermediate values in both parameters.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding system on performance in Korean Native Commercial Chicken. A total 864 birds produced from (Cornish ♂ X (Korean Native Chicken ♂ XRhode Island Red♀)♀ ] crossbreeds in National Livestock Research Institute, for 16 weeks. Feeding system of T1 and T$_2$ were same types from hatch to 8 weeks, starter diets(O~4 weeks, mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 22.94%), grower diets(4~8 weeks, crumble, ME 3,100kcal, CP 19.31%). Nutrient content of finisher diets of T$_1$(pellet, ME 3,200kcal, CP 20.44%) was higher than T$_2$(mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 14.88%) in order to improve meat quality for 8~16 weeks. Fertility and hatchability of Korean Native Commercial Chicken was 83.9% and 69.7%, respectively. Viabilities of T$_1$ and T$_2$ at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 98.8%, 97.9%, 96.5% and 99.1%, 95. 8%, 92.8%, 90.3%, respectively. The viability of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly in feed treatments, but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Body weights of T$_1$and T$_2$ at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 551g, 1,379g, 2,441g, 3,056g and 554g, 1,360g, 2,254g, 2,956g, respectively. The body weight of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T1 higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Feed conversion of T$_1$ and T$_2$ to 4, 8,12 and 16 weeks were 1.91, 2.28, 3.34, 4.23 and 1.90, 2.28, 3.53, 4.46, respectively. The feed conversion of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ lower than T$_2$(P<0.05). The ME intake 1 bird per 1 day of T$_1$ and T$_2$were 3S9kcal, 357kca1, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP intake were 24.8g, 20.3g, respectively. T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P$_1$ and T$_2$were 13,426kca1, 13,819Ykcal, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP requirement per kg body weight gain were 928g, 763g, respectively, T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P<0.05).