• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.472-481
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• 2011

In order to reuse remnants of medicinal herb extracts as an environment-friendly manure, fermented compost made from medicinal herb waste (MHWC), poultry manure compost (PMC) and MHWC+PMC (1:1, w/w) were applied on upland soil cultivated with 2 year-old Bokbunja plants. The results of the changes of soil chemical properties on upland soil, the yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were summarized as follows. The pH in soils treated with composts (STCs) was significantly changed (p<0.05) compared with untreated control (UC) group. The electrical conductivity (EC) in MHWC group was decreased 0.46-0.56 times compared with UC, and it was different from PMC groups. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased in all of the treatments and MHWC group was the highest among the all groups. The content of available phosphorous was different by types and amounts of the composts. The content of heavy metal in all groups did not exceed the standard content for soil contamination. The yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were the highest in the treatments of MHWC. In conclusion, MHWC is an effective compost resource on improvement of soil environment and promoting the fruit qualities.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.616-620
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• 2013

In this work, the combustive properties of the swine manure, poultry manure, and mixtures based on the resource recycling-energy were investigated. After the specimens were dried to a constant weight by dry oven, combustive properties were tested by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was found that the peak effective heat of combustion (PEHC) in the swine manure (78.72 MJ/kg) has risen due to more amount of the hydrocabon compared with poultry manure (69.41 MJ/kg), also the swine manure increased both of the higher $CO_2$ production rate (0.1959 g/s) and total smoke release rate (THRR) ($419m^2/m^2$) than those of the poultry manure. However, both of the CO production release (0.0996 kg/kg) and CO production rate (0034 g/s) in the poultry manure increased due to more amount of the inorganic contents compared with swine manure. Thus, the high combustion energy is expected to generate depend on the hydrocarbon content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Cultivation area using agricultural plastic film facilities in Korea is rapidly increasing every year; however, it accelerates the salt accumulation in soils due to repeated cultivation and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Coal ash contains various trace elements and has high potential to be used in agricultural purposes. This research was aimed to improve the quality of salts-accumulated soils and crop growth grown in the plastic film facilities using the soil amendment derived from coal ash and zero-valent iron powder. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil amendment used in the study was manufactured using coal ash with iron powder and subjected to a typical upland soil for soil quality enhancement and two salts-accumulated soils for crop growth. After one month incubation of the salts-accumulated soils treated with the soil amendment, soil pH increased significantly and soil EC decreased by approximately 50%, compared to the control or the treatment without the soil amendment. Since the soil salts' concentration is proportional to EC, the subjected soil amendment can be proposed as an effective way to overcome soil salts accumulation in agricultural plastic film facilities. For crop growth, the length of roots and stems increased by approximately 10% and the dry weight also increased by a maximum of 75%, compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The soil amendment made from waste resources such as coal ash and zero-valent iron was found to not only be effective in improving salt-accumulated soils and crop yield but also be safe against harmful heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2011

Environment-friendly agriculture (EFA) are aimed to reduce use of chemical inputs as possible the recycling of resources and the environment while preserving the local resources in the long term to ensure a constant productivity and profitability for producing safe food. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics on soil environment at paddy field of environment-friendly agriculture regions (EFARs) in Honam area. Survey point of EFARs Chungnam, Jeonbuk and Jeonnam, rice bran farming method in two districts, rice bran + snail farming method in eight districts, snail farming method in five districts and ducks farming method in three districts a total of 18 districts were selected. Annual of farming method, friendly-environment certification, amount of applied fertilizer, and history of cultivation to the farm household were surveyed. The content of available phosphate and silicate among the soil chemical properties in EFA paddy field were a little lower than optimum level, and those of agricultural methods fertilized with rice bran were a little lower than those of others. Hardness among the soil physical properties in EFA paddy field were a little lower than conventional practices, and that of agricultural methods fertilized with rice bran were a little lower than those of others. We showed fertilizer recommendation dose about soil nutritional shortages according to fertilization prescriptions index by crops.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

This study was carried out to separate the heavy toxic metals in eco-building materials by low-temperature pyrolysis, especially arsenic (As) compounds in CCA wood preservative as a solid in char. The pyrolysis was carried out to heat the CCA-treated Hemlock at $280^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, $320^{\circ}C$, and $340^{\circ}C$ for 60 mins. Laboratory scale pyrolyzer composed of [preheater$\rightarrow$pyrolyzer$\rightarrow$1st water scrubber$\rightarrow$2nd bubbling flask with 1% $HNO_3$ solution$\rightarrow$vent], and was operated to absorb the volatile metal compound particulates at the primary water scrubber and the secondary nitric acid bubbling flask with cooling condenser of $4^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen stream of 20 mL/min flow rate. And the contents of copper, chromium and arsenic compounds in its pyrolysis such as carbonized CCA treated wood, 1st washing and 2nd washing liquors as well as its raw materials, were determined using ICP-AES. The results are as follows : 1. The yield of char in low-temperature pyrolysis reached about 50 percentage similar to the result of common pyrolytic process. 2. The higher the pyrolytic temperature was, the more the volatiles of CCA, and in particular, the arsenic compounds were to be further more volatile above $320^{\circ}C$, even though the more repetitive and sequential monitorings were necessary. 3. More than 85 percentage of CCA in CCA-treated wood was left in char in such low-temperature pyrolytic condition at $300^{\circ}C$. 4. Washing system for absorption of volatile CCA in this experiment required much more contacting time between volatile gases and water to prevent the loss of CCA compounds, especially the loss of arsenic compound. 5. Therefore, more complete recovery of CCA components in CCA-treated wood required the lower temperature than $320^{\circ}C$, and the longer contacting time of volatile gases and water needed the special washing and recovery system to separate the toxic and volatile arsenic compounds in vent gases.