• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.772-777
• /
• 2003

선박이 배출하는 안정수(ballast water)는 외부로부터 유해 생물들이 유입되어 전파해 오는 주요경로로써 해양환경의 매우 중요하고 위험한 일종의 하나이지만, 이에 대한 효과적인 처리방법은 아직까지도 개발되지 못하였다. 그러나 최근 강 전리방전을 이용하여 고 밀집 산소와 물분자를 고농도 수산자유기(OH: hydroxyl radical)로 전리, 활성입자를 발생시켜 신속히 확산시키면 넓은 범위에서 비교적 낮은 농도로 유해성 침입 생물을 잔류물 없이 저렴한 비용으로 살균제나 촉매제의 사용 없이 소멸시켜 처리하는 효과적인 새로운 녹색방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 수산기는 강 산화제로써(산화환원 전위는 2.80 eV), 적조생물을 신속, 효과적으로 사멸시켜 잔유물과 오염물 발생 없이 이상적으로 해양적조현상을 처리할 수 있는 활성물질이다. 고출력 강 전리장치를 활용하면 수산기 활성제의 발생 농도를 Sr104 이상으로 얻을 수 있으므로, 해양적조처리에 요구되는 문턱 값 농도(~l$\times$$10^{-6}$)를 충족시킬 수 있으며, 이 경우 적조생물 소멸처리시간은 불과 10 sec 내외이므로 선박 안정수 처리문제와 함께 적조발생의 난문제를 해양동력학적으로 동시에 해결할 수 있는 효과적인 기술이다. 실험결과로부터 시간당 1 k톤의 활성물질을 발생하는 수산기활성제 제조장치의 경우, 약 4$\times$$10^2$ $\textrm{km}^2$/h의 적조해면을 처리할 수 있으며, 그 비용은 약 US$l,000 정도에 상당하므로, 적조에 따른 경제손실과는 비교될 수 없는 저렴하고 효과적인 방법이다. 활성물질의 생성시간과 가공시간은 불과 수십 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 및 수 sec 에 불과하므로, 1 kton/h 용량의 수산기활성제 제조장치의 환산소비동력은 약 200 kW이고, 장치의 체적은 10~30 ㎥의 공간으로 충분하므로, 소형선박으로 상당면적의 적조피해를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2016

Ballast water provides stability and manoeuvrability to a ship. Foreign harmful aquatic organisms, which were transferred by ballast water, cause disturbing ecosystem. In order to minimize transference of foreign harmful aquatic organisms, IMO(International Maritime Organization) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. If the convention take effect, a port authority might need to check that ballast water is properly disposed of. In this paper, we propose a method of counting harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water thorough image processing. We extracted three samples from the ballast water that had been collected at Busan port in Korea. Then we made three grey-scale images from each sample as experimental data. We made a comparison between the proposed method and CellProfiler which is a well known cell-counting program based on image processing. Setting of CellProfiler is empirically chosen from the result of cell count by an expert. After finding a proper threshold for each image at which the result is similar to that of CellProfiler, we used the average value as the final threshold. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method is simple but about ten times faster than CellProfiler without loss of the output quality.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 1999

An elecmc arc cracking reaclor is developed for the productiol~o f ieusuble fuel gas by the thennal destruction of waste oil. The churaclensucs of product gas and ~esiduesf rom arc crachng of wnste lubr~cat~nogil are sludird. Thc product gas is mainly coruposcd of hydrogen 135-4076), acetylene (13-4076), ethylene 13-476) and olher hgdrocnrbons. The contenr of carbon monomde, one or the main product in a conventional low-temperature Lhennal cracking umt, 1s very slnvll in lhis atc cracking expcnmcnt. Total calocctic wlue of product gas shows 11,000-13.000 kcizlkg, which is hiph cnough to use as a ~ L I I I Cga~ s . and the concentralions oC loxic gases arc well below the rcguliltury emission critena The GCIMS analysis of llquld-phase residues shows that the high rnalccular welgllt hydrocilrbons in the waste oil arc cracked into the low malecular weight hydrocarbons snd hydroem,. The dehydrogcnntion is found lo be Lhe main cracking rcacuon due lo the high temperalure ~ ~ ~ d ubcyc edle ctric arc. The average parucle size of soot as the solid-phase residue is 10 3 wm, and the conlents of cabon a ~ hdea vy metals are abovc 60% and under 0.01 ppm, respecttrely. Thc utllizvtion or sool, as industl-id1 rcsource seems lo he reasible aIter refimng.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.585-595
• /
• 2014

The temporal trends of the prioritized toxic water pollutants generated and discharged from the industrial facilities in the Geum-River basin, Korea were analyzed with the results of the nationwide Water Pollution Source Survey conducted in 2001 - 2012. The statistical results indicated rapid increase in the volume of raw toxic wastewaters whereas the amount of each toxic pollutant kept fluctuating for 12 years. Serious discrepancies in the survey data of the same type of industries demonstrated a low reliability of the survey result, which stemmed from several error factors. A unit-load for each type of industrial facility was devised to estimate the amount of prioritized toxic water pollutant based on the total volume of industrial wastewater generated from the same type of industrial facilities. The supplementary measures with an effective permit issuance policy and adding survey parameters of terminal wastewater treatment plants to use them as references to the Water Pollution Source Survey were suggested as means to minimize the errors associated with the false reports from the industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2006

This study dealt with the measurement of exhausted gas concentration, the estimation of a combustion efficiency, and the review of IMO indexing. We concentrated on establishing the basic data to take a counterplan coping with $CO_2$ regulations. The average combustion efficiency was 98% in shop test of new engines and 96.5% in sea trial test of new ships, respectively. It would become lower for the old engine or/and ship. High combustion efficiency results in high $CO_2$ emission and low combustion efficiency results in high emission of incomplete combustion products. The efficient method reducing $CO_2$ emission without an increase in noxious air pollutants would be the development of a substitute fuel and the fuel-efficient and economical engine, and the fair play among shipping agencies in a ship speed. In reviewing of IMO indexing, it is necessary to begin by analyzing the carbon content of a marine fuel for a precise estimates.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.557-565
• /
• 2010

Recently, regulations on toxic compounds in aquatic environment have been strengthened in korea due to the increasing public awareness of the water quality. Typically, these regulations include introduction of emerging toxic compounds and stricter effluent limitations for the already regulated compounds. However, too strict regulations may cause excessive burden on the industry. Therefore it is also important to assess the economic impacts when the new effluent limitation guidelines are introduced. The estimation of the additional cost for the wastewater dischargers to meet the new guidelines are based on the selected treatment technology to handle the hazardous substances and the regulatory levels for effluent limitations. To explore the procedures for cost estimation in enforcing new effluent limitations, a case study was performed specially for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The pollutants of concern are surveyed for different industrial categories and various treatment technologies. For a given pollutant, the general performances of the treatment technologies are surveyed and a representative technology is selected. For a given technology, the capital cost and annual Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost was calculated. The calculation of baseline costs to operate ordinary treatment technologies is also important. The ratio between the cost for introducing new treatment process and the baseline cost required for conventional technology was used to evaluate the economic impact on the industry. For 1,4-dichlorobenzene, steam stripping and activated carbon processes were selected as the specific treatment technologies. The cost effects to the regulation of the compound were found to be 6.4% and 14.5% increase in capital cost and O&M cost, respectively, at the flow rate over $2,000m^3/d$ for the categories of synthetic resin and other plastics manufacturing industry. For the case of petrochemical basic compounds manufacturing industry, the cost increases were 5.8% and 12.4%, respectively. It was suggested that cost effect analysis to evaluate the economic impacts of new effluent limitations on the industry is crucial to establish more balanced and reasonable effluent limitations to manage the industrial wastewater containing emerging toxic compounds in the wastewater.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2014

Multiple devices have been installed to reduce exhaust emissions and to increase thermal efficiency. Those devices reduce the exhaust pipe opening area and increase the exhaust gas pressure. The pressure increase disturbs a gas flow and has a bad effect on the engine performance. However there is some study that NOx can be reduced with exhaust gas pressure increase. In this study an engine performance is tested with various opening ratios. The result shows that the fuel consumption rate is reduced in case of little amount of the pressure increase, and NOx is reduced with the pressure increase, while the concentration of the toxic exhaust gases are increased in the case of high back-pressure.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.392-398
• /
• 1996

Eleven organic chemical substances, tetrachloroethylene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, isopropyl benzene, n-propyl benzene. 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, p-isopropyl toluene. see-butyl benzene, and naphthalene, which have hazardously influenced to human, were extracted from untreated wastewater collected at 26 companies of 8 types industry in the basin of Kwangju stream. Their structures were elucidated by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS) and in comparison with each standard reagents.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

Waste explosives such as useless ammunition discharged from the military and coproduced useless explosives during the manufacturers production process have been continuously produced. These are difficult to dispose with normal waste treatment facilities due to the dangers of fire and explosion. An open burning or an open detonation at military designated disposal facilities is a classical treatment method for the dangerous explosives. The classical method raises various environmental problems by the emission of hazardous materials. An air pollution by the emission of hazardous gases such as SO_x and NO_x, soil and water contaminations by the accumulation of non-biodegradable heavy metals, are representative pollution examples. To overcome these problems, various processes for eco-friendly waste treatment methods have been developed, and some processes have already been operated in some countries. In the current report, various eco-friendly disposal processes for waste explosives or harmful materials, and their advantages and disadvantages are documented to suggest future development directions for reducing the hazardous substances by the treatment processes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2016

Depletion of natural resources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are an important issue which we have to solve. The recycling of waste has emerged as a global concern. In Korea, the development of cost-effective treatment and recycling technologies also need to be improved. In this study, we compared and analyzed the cost per unit of treatment and recycling of organic waste, and presented an effective recycling scheme. We investigated the current status of treatment and costs for six types of organic wastes from 80 workplaces, including organic wastewater treatment sludge, processed organic sludge, and plant residues. In addition, environmental costs for greenhouse gas reduction were calculated. It's an economic way that organic waste is composted and used as cement additives. In particular, the economic analysis was done by realistic results of the survey target companies. In conclusion, in order for reliable processing and recycling of organic wastes, wastewater treatment sludge and sewage sludge need to be classified based on hazard characteristics. Finally, technical difficulties need to be further resolved such as odors, leachate, and debris on recycling organic wastes.