• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유통업계

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African Swine Fever Outbreak in North Korea and Cooperation between South and North Korea (북한지역에서 ASF발병 현황 및 남북수의협력에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Chung Hui
    • Journal of Appropriate Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2020
  • The ASF, which originated in Africa and threatens the world, landed in Asia in 2018 in China, and became a stern threat to the security of the Korean Peninsula when North Korea officially reported the ASF to the OIE in May 2019. In 1921, Montgomery, a British veterinary pathologist, made headlines by naming the African swine fever "African Swine Fever," or ASF, a disease caused by a high fatality virus that existed in East Africa. The ASF, which was a pandemic of endemic diseases in Africa, landed in Portgal around 1957 and swept through farms in Lisbon, Portugal. The ASF continued to settle in Spain and Portugal, causing 40 years of damage until the end of the 1990s, and is now in progress after landing on the Italian island of Sardinia in 1978. The virus, which landed in Portiport of Georgia on the Black Sea coast of the Black Sea in 2007, spread to Russia and caused massive damage to China in 2018, then rapidly spread to Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar in May 2019 and spread across the country, causing massive damage to the pork industry and is now in progress. Just three months after confirming the outbreak in North Korea, the outbreak at farms in Paju and Yeoncheon was confirmed on Sept. 16, 2019, leaving South Korea with the stigma of ASF-causing countries, and although the ASF's nationwide expansion has been blocked, it is currently underway in wild boars. If the ongoing ASF in the two Koreas becomes indigenous, it would be a major disaster not only for the pork industry but also for the Korean Peninsula economy. Under the current circumstances, it is impossible to focus only on veterinary areas limited to South Korea, ruling out risk factors from the ASF outbreak. Currently, it is difficult to prevent damage to the pork industry due to the ASF outbreak due to the poor water defense reality in North Korea, and as it is adjacent to China, which has a high risk of developing various epidemic diseases, there is a need for the two Koreas to jointly conduct quarantine and quarantine on the border areas. First of all, I think rapid exchange of information and education on ASF and other diseases is necessary before establishing a joint defense system on the Korean Peninsula. It is important to conduct thorough quarantine and disinfection of ASF-generated areas in North Korea, and areas bordering China and Russia, and jointly conduct thorough quarantine and control of livestock and livestock products in circulation. Cooperation by the South and North Korean water defense industries to prevent the protracted ASF on the Korean Peninsula by all means and methods is essential.

Antecedents of Trust and Effects on Committment in B2B e-Marketplace (B2B 마켓플레이스에서 신뢰의 선행요인과 몰입에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Sang-Hyeon
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-33
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    • 2008
  • As the interest in the business-to-business(B2B) electronic commerce is increasing, many companies are participating in the B2B e-Marketplaces. The e-Marketplace is defined as the virtual market that many players take part in to transact. The e-Marketplace has an influenced on the manner in which organizational buyers and sellers interact. As a result, it is important to develop an understanding of the behaviors of firms that use these electronic marketplaces. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for trust and commitment of B2B e-Marketplace and empirically to examine their structural relationships. Drawing from trust and commitment theory in the interorganizational relationship and B2B electronic commerce context, this study identifies network externality, interactivity, justice, quality of information sharing, institutional assurance as the determinants of trust and commitment of e-Marketplace. The proposed model hypothesized that (1) trust is a function of network externality, interactivity, justice, quality of information sharing, institutional assurance, (2) attitudinal and behavioral commitment is a function of trust, (3) behavioral commitment is a function of attitudinal commitment. The proposed model is tested using organizational-level survey data from 187 buying organizations that conduct business in MRO e-Marketplaces. The data were tested by reliability test, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and covariance structure analysis. The results indicate that (1) trust is influenced by network externality, interactivity, justice, institutional assurance, (2) attitudinal commitment and behavioral commitment is influenced by trust (3) behavioral commitment is influenced by attitudinal commitment. Also, the empirical results confirmed that trust play a strong, central role in determinging e-Marketplace commitment. The key theoretical contribution of this research is that it begins to extend interorganizational information system literature in areas such as B2B Internet e-Marketplace. Managerially, this study contributes tn the understanding of the role of B2B e-Markeplace providers in Internet situation. And Limitations of this study and guidelines for future researches are also discussed.

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A comparative study between Korea and the USA on the development process in retail trade & its changing locations (소매업의 발달과정과 입지 변화에 관한 한.미 비교 연구)

  • Jeon, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.21-40
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    • 2000
  • The retail trades in many countries have changed recently according to the high quality, diversification, and marked individuality of consumer needs. Under the continually competing system of the WTO agreement, corporations based in the USA and the EU try to raise their market share in other countries so it is inevitable for Korean retail enterprises to compete with them. This paper is aimed at contributing to the efficient growth for Korean retail trade from the analysis of the development process in retail trade and its changing locations comparing Korea and the USA. Retailers in the USA have practiced diversified marketing strategies considerably in order to survive in a rapidly changing retailing environment. American retailing, which has the most advanced marketing system in the world, has been of growing concern to marketing strategies in Korea. The following is a brief summary of this study. 1. Speedy and higher quality consumption is needed in accordance with the great increase in the single-family household and the female labor force participation both in Korea and in the USA. Senior citizens have become a new consumer group due to the aging population. In the future the retail trade will switch over to diversified retail formats and internet shopping as countries are transformed into information and communication societies. 2. In Korea, the former retail system characterized by markets and department stores has been greatly changed since the late 1980s with emphasis on high quality and convenience in consumption behaviors, with large domestic enterprises and foreign distribution corporations participating in Korean retailing. In the USA, retailing mergers and takeovers by major retails, bankruptcies, and extra-large shopping centers have emerged since the late 1980s. Recently, the USA retailing formats have been changed from the lower price-oriented discount types to the large scale theme parks. Much emphasis was put on entertainment, resorts, and convention centers. On the other hand, non-store types, such as the internet shopping, the CATV shopping, as well as catalog and mail-order sales are drastically increasing, although the proportion of their sales is low up to now. 3. In Korea, most of the retail facilities are concentrated in Seoul and the Metropolitan Region, and the distribution ratio of facilities came to 52% in 1997. The periodic markets, traditional markets which open on a periodic basis, are located mainly in Chollanam-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. The large-sized discount stores have expanded their locations to the over-crowded apartment complexes in new towns, located in the Metropolitan Region, and the large provincial cities, unlike the suburban locations in the USA. Therefore we needed to give attention to the locational relations in retail facilities between Seoul & the Metropolitan Region and rural settlement areas. In the USA, urban areas grew quickly with the development of the automobile in the 1920s, and the location of stores changed from a dispersed style centering around rural areas to a centralized one in urban areas. There is an accelerated growth for suburban areas, which have grown rapidly since 1950. As the membership warehouse clubs were introduced in the 1970s, the decentralization of location was more intensified. On the other hand, inner cities were revitalized by rearranging existing facilities to cope with suburban areas. And the location-free virtual retailing & TV shopping are also growing every year. 4. In view of the above, the continuous and desirable development devices in Korean retail trade are summarized as follows: First, the countermeasures against economies of scale, increase in retailing sales, and rise of a employment percentage in retailing are in need. Second, a scheme of lowering the proportion of food retail sales, and increasing a ratio of durable goods sales need to be worked out. Third, the original ideas are needed to apply positively information, communication and technology to retailing, to graft the traditional types on modem ones based on the social culture. Fourth, strategies are needed to strengthen the competitiveness of our retail trade through cooperation and chains of smaller retailers, the large enterprises participating in the distribution industry. Fifth, in order to realize the above, the retail industry, the administration, and the academic world should support the retail segment with concern and a practical strategy plan.

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Study on Air Logistics Service Provider's Performance Under Post Covid19 Situation: Focusing on Trust and Reciprocity (포스트 코로나 시대의 항공물류 서비스기업의 경영성과에 대한 연구: 신뢰 및 호혜 개념을 중심으로)

  • Moon, Myungjoo;Koh, InKon
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2022
  • Due to COVID 19, we are facing unprecedented phenomena. Among various industries, the aviation industry, as it is directly affected by the corona crisis is actively establishing various survival strategies, such as expanding cargo transportation. The market size of air cargo transportation is continuously increasing due to the characteristics that distinguish it from other transportation, and as individualism and selfishness deepen in the aftermath of COVID 19, it can be inferred that the concept of reciprocity within distribution channels will become important in the post-corona era. The specific contents of this study(research question) are as follows. First, as a central member of the air logistics distribution channel, logistics service companies business process and the sub-dimensions of trust of are identified, and how trust is built with transportation companies is investigated. Second, the effect of such trust on the various performances of logistics service companies is analyzed. Third, we examine whether the influences of the sub-dimensions of trust change according to the perceived reciprocity of logistics service companies. In addition, we investigate whether the perceived reciprocity changed before and after the corona situation. In particular, this study theoretically integrates the concepts of trust and commitment, which have been distinguished in many prior studies, to improve the parsimony and practicality of the research model. This study will be able to present useful academic and practical implications by empirically examining how trust is built between members of the air logistics distribution channel and furthermore, how much it affects the performance of logistics service companies, and by identifying the moderating effect of reciprocity.

Cosmetics Buying Patterns and Satisfaction among Female University Students in China, Japan and Korea (한.중.일 삼국여대생들의 화장품구매실태 연구)

  • Choi, Ju-Young;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Mi-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1772-1783
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    • 2007
  • This study aimed to investigate differences in the purchasing patterns of and the levels of satisfaction with cosmetic products, and the method of disposing dissatisfied cosmetics for female university students among China, Japan and Korea. Survey was conducted with 1,200 female coeducational university students in Beijing, Tokyo and Seoul and 1,115 were used for the data analysis. Data were analysed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, chi-square analysis, analysis of variance, Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results showed significant differences in purchasing behaviors in China, Japan and Korea. Japanese students mainly got information through objective sources, while Koreans did so through human network. Regrading the evaluative criteria for basic care items, function and effect were the most important criteria for Chinese and Korean consumers and skin compatibility for Japanese. For color make-up, Chinese, Japanese and Korean respondents respectively cared the most on brand image, convenience of purchase and the current trend. Chinese tended to shop cosmetics at department stores due to store reputation, Japanese preferred supermarkets and pharmacies and Koreans shopped at discount stores for low price. The most influential human sources were friends and colleagues for Chinese and Korean, and models on advertisements and magazines for Japanese. Korean respondents displayed the highest level of satisfaction with cosmetics followed by Japanese and Chinese. As for the methods of disposing dissatisfactory cosmetics, Chinese were the most active in exchanging for other product; Japanese and Korean were not likely to use or throw the products away.

A Study on the Impacts of Manufacture's Sales Policy of Each Power Source on Sales Will by Agency (제조업체의 파워원천별 영업정책이 대리점의 판매의지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Han-Il;Park, Jong-Oh
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.23-50
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    • 2010
  • This study is that the manufacturer's sales policy power appeared on the source of local distributors through the sale willingness impact on research for coexistence between the manufacturer and dealer sales for developing policy. Dealers in terms of the sale of regional sales willingness says "manufacturers and retailers to connect to the regional distribution on the path to regional sales representative for manufacturers based on trust companies that supply products or products manufactured by local retailers for about a unilateral will sale whether the continued willingness and indicates the degree of business". This study topics are the results of this measure will sell a total of 24 entries are four factors. In variety sales policy of each power source, First, sales policy in Reward Power, compensatory power as the manager of promotion support, sales support and sales activities will significantly impact respectively. Second, sales policy of Coercive Power, reduction of credit limits act as an element of discontent and the sales will appear in the negative hypothesis of the influence was partially supported. Third, sales policy in Referent Power, the information trust, the most significantly impact of trade policy, respectively. Fourth, sales policy in Professional Power, delay time delivery of goods, sales of our product and sales knowledge will have a significantly effect appear to be related.

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주요국가에 있어서의 경쟁법$\cdot$경쟁정책의 개정 움직임

  • 한국공정경쟁연합회
    • Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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    • no.26
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    • pp.34-45
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    • 1997
  • 세계 경제질서의 급속한 변화에 따라 최근에 많은 선진국들이 경쟁법을 개정하거나 앞으로 개정할 움직임을 활발히 전개하고 있다. 특히 이중에서 글로벌 경제의 급속한 진전에 따라 여기에 대응하기 위한 경쟁법의 개정 움직임도 활발하게 이루어지고 있음을 음미해보아야 할 것이다. 미국은 반트러스트법의 개정을 검토하기 위하여 공청회를 개최하고 ''95년 5월 ''새로운 하이테크 글로벌 시장에서의 경쟁정책''이라는 보고서를 발표하였으며, 이에 따라 합병심사에서 효율성을 앞세워 미국 국내기업의 해외 진출을 지원하고 합병을 용이하게 하도록 ''92년에 제정된 합병 가이드라인을 개정하였다. EU의 구주위원회도 기업결합의 글로벌화가 촉진되도록 ''96년 7월 합병규제규칙을 개정하여 업계가 손쉽게 합병을 할 수 있도록 절차에 있어 일원적 처리의 범위를 확대하였으며, 기업의 규제대상이 되는 연간 매상고기준을 인하하고 합병심사의 대상기업이라도 경쟁상 중대한 문제가 발생하지 않는 것으로 판단되면 공동체 시장에서 적합성을 선언할 수 있도록 하고, 경쟁제한법 협정의 적용제외 규정에서 수직적 제한에 대한 경쟁법 적용여부의 결정은 당사자의 시장점유율을 고려해서 적용여부를 결정하는 등 폭넓은 선택이 가능하도록 개정하였다. 이에 따라 EU국가인 독일, 영국, 프랑스 등의 EU회원국들은 EU합병규제규칙 및 EU경쟁법과의 조화가 이루어지도록 자국의 법체계를 정비하고 있다. 이에 따라 독일은 지난 ''97년 7월 31일에 경쟁제한금지법 제정 이후 40년만에 근본적인 개정의 필요에 따라 EU경쟁법과의 조화, 카르텔에서 적용제외 규정을 글로벌 경제구조에 맞도록 과감히 삭제$\cdot$축소하고, 합병규제대상의 매상고기준을 상향(5억$\right$10억마르크)하고 법체계를 명확하고 알기 쉽게 정리하는 개정(안)을 발표한 바 있다. 그리고 영국 무역산업성 장관은 지난 ''97년 8월 7일 영국의 경쟁법개정(안)을 금년 가을까지 성립을 목표로 발표하였는데, 그 주요 내용은 반경쟁적 협정 및 시장지배력 남용에 대한 강력한 억제력과 중대한 남용행위에 제재금을 부과함으로써 경쟁을 통한 소비자의 이익과 선택을 확보하고 산업계의 불필요한 부담을 경감토록 하여 글로벌시장 경쟁에서 혁신과 투자를 자극하도록 유도하였고, 프랑스는 생산업자와 유통업자에 의한 부당염매금지 제도를 도입하고 경쟁제한행위금지 위반시의 벌칙을 강화했다. 일본은 치열한 국제경쟁에 대응하고 경제구조의 개혁과 사업자활동을 보다 촉진하기 위하여 지난 1997년 6월 11일 일본독점금지법을 개정하여 독점금지법에 위배되지 않는 범위에서 지주회사 설립 금지를 해체하고 대규모회사 주식보유총액제한 규제대상을 완화하는 한편 국제계약신고제도를 폐지하였다. 캐나다는 합병신청서 제출기간을 연장하고 통신판매를 직접규제대상으로 경쟁법 개정을 준비하였고, 호주는 거래관행법을 개정하여 연방정부와 주$\cdot$준주 정부간의 경쟁정책의 법적용을 통일하고 거래관행법 적용을 모든 사업에 확대하며, 재판매가격유지행위의 금지대상에 용역(전기통신서비스)도 포함시키고 시장참입을 촉진하는 제도를 신설하였다. 뉴질랜드는 합병이 국내시장에 영향을 주는 경우에는 외국에서의 합병에도 경쟁법을 확대적용하도록 하였다. 위와 같이 세계의 많은 국가에서 경쟁정책에 대한 새로운 동향과 공정거래법에 대한 개정작업이 활발히 이루어지고 있는데, 본고는 미국, EU, 독일, 영국, 프랑스, 일본, 캐나다 및 호주와 뉴질랜드 등 주요선진국에서의 공정거래법 개정 동향에 대한 주요 내용을 소개한 것이다.

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A Study on the Effects of Relationship Characteristics to Repurchase Intention in the Distribution Channels of Travel Agency (여행도매업체와 여행소매업체간 관계형성 영향요인에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Jong-Seop;Lee, Nark-Kwee
    • Korean Business Review
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    • v.15
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    • pp.25-45
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust, commitment, and repurchase intention in the distribution channel of travel industry. There are several detailed purposes of this study. First, this study is to grasp the factors of tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer. Secondly, this study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust and commitment. Thirdly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler, which is divided into two levels, firm and salesperson in charge, affects each other and commitment. Fourthly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler finn and salesperson in charge and commitment affect repurchase intention. Fifthly, this study is to suggest more efficient basis for marketing strategies to C.E.O or officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler, and help them to make right decisions. Managerial implications can be drawn from this study. One is that it is recognized that tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer consist of those to tour wholesaler finn such as reputation, physical characteristics, communication and those to salesperson in charge such as expertise, likability, similarity, frequent contact affect trust and commitment positively. Therefore, C.E.O and officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler should set up marketing strategies to get positive results at both levels, a finn and a salesperson. The other is that it is important that a tour wholesaler should manage their tour retailer with relationship oriented methods such as building trust, and make every endeavor to retain long term relationship with tour retailer.

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Influence of Meal Kits Selection Attributes on Willingness to Buy At-home Concept and Eating-out Concept Meal Kits (밀키트 선택속성이 내식/외식 컨셉의 밀키트 제품 구매의사에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, Jihee;Eom, Haram;Lee, Dongmin;Moon, Junghoon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.352-363
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to examine the different factors affecting the intention to purchase meal kits between at-home concept meal kits and eating-out concept meal kits. An online survey was conducted with 565 Korean participants including meal kit experienced (n=412) and non-experienced (n=153). Meal kits selection attributes were organized into five factors, health, price, environmental protection, convenience, and familiarity. To verify the hypothesis, SPSS Statistics 23 was used. The main results can be summarized as follows. First, in the case of the at-home menu, convenience(p < .01), environmental protection(p < .05), and familiarity(p < .01) show positive influences on willingness to buy. Second, for the eating-out menu, health(p < .001) and convenience(p < .001) have positive effects on willingness to buy, but familiarity(p<.01) has a negative effect. This is the first study to categorize the menu of meal kits and investigate each factor affecting willingness to buy. Therefore, the results can offer useful guidelines to meal kit marketers letting them know the consumers' purchase behaviors.

An Analysis of Shipping Industry Awareness and Its Implications (해운산업의 인지도 분석과 인식 제고 방안)

  • Lee, Tae-Hwee;So, Ae-Rim
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2021
  • This study investigated what the general public thinks about the shipping industry and how important it is. As a result of the study, more than half of the respondents answered that they knew a little about the shipping industry or that they were normally knew about the shipping industry. Regarding the necessity of budget input to prevent bankruptcy of national shipping companies, it was found that more than half of the respondents answered that it was necessary or moderate. Regarding the necessity of maintaining a national shipping companies, 53% of respondents said it was necessary, and 23% of respondetns said it was normal. However, when asked if they thought that maintaining a national shipping companies would benefit me and my family, 39% of respondetns answered "normal" and 28% of respondetns answered "mostly". As for the cause of Hanjin Shipping's bankruptcy, 49% of respondents said that the owners' family members were immoral and incompetent, and 17.4% of respondetns said that the shipping market conditions deteriorated. Regarding the necessity of fostering the shipping industry, foreign currency acquisition and service balance improvement through export of shipping services accounted for 43.5%, and smooth transportation of import and export cargo accounted for 36.5%. When asked what kind of damage I suffered from Hajin Shipping's bankruptcy, 54.6% answered other (not much), and 14.5% said inflation. Abouve these results, this study gave implication in terms of public promotion and transparent business management.