• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유출부하량

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Assessment of Apprehensive Area of Non-Point Source Pollution Using Watershed Model Application in Juam Dam Watershed (주암댐 유역 비점오염부하량 우심지역 평가를 통한 오염물질 저감시설 최적 설치지점 선정 연구)

  • Yi, Hye-Suk;Choi, Kwang soon;Chong, Suna;Lee, Seung-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.37 no.10
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    • pp.551-557
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzes potentially hazardous sub-watersheds from non-point source pollution areas using an HSPF model. The watershed of the Juam dam reservoir was divided into 29 sub-watersheds, and the flow, BOD, TN and TP concentration for the Juam dam watershed were evaluated from 2009 to 2012 using a watershed model, with a warming period from 2009 to 2010. The results of the watershed model agreed well with the flow and water quality field measurements. The calculated average non-point source loadings were BOD of 8.8 and $9.1kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively; TN of 9.7 and $10.1kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively; and TP of 0.30 and $0.33kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The non-point source loading of the Bonghwa stream watershed was calculated, and predominantly assessed upstream of the Boseong river. Additionally, the Miryeok, Jangpyeong, Yuleo, Guam, Seokgyo, Mundeok, Incheon, and Bongnae stream watersheds, with extensive agricultural areas, were assessed to be potentially hazardous areas in terms of non-point source management. In this study, HSPF model was applied in order to aid in the selection of non-point source reduction facilities for the Juam dam watershed, where they were evaluated as to whether they would be applicable for non-point source management.

A Study on the Runoff Characteristics and Water Quality Management of Seung-Gi Stream Area (승기천 유역의 오염물 유출특성 및 수질관리방안 연구)

  • Seo, Hyung-Joon;Chung, Sang-Won;Park, Mi-Ok;Lee, Byung-Ryul
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.251-263
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to provide a basic information for recovery plan of Seung-Gi Stream which is a major stream of Incheon metropolitan area. Source and characteristics of pollutants were analyzed and studied. Samples were taken 10 rounds in 5 sections in Seung-Gi stream. Annual pollutants loads and sectional characteristics of pollutants loads were investigated regarding flow rate, pH, DO, SS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, T-P, TKN and concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr atoms which enter into Seung-Gi stream during rainy and dry season respectively. As one came close to the Nam-Dong Industrial Complex, sectional discharge loads were heavy and water quality was failed to meet the standard by "Environmental Standard of River Quality". As a result, heavy load of pollutants in Seung-Gi stream was considered to influence negatively the sea water quality of Incheon. Solution plans to solve problems are as follows. First, circulation of treated water at Seung-Gi WWTP(Wastewater Treatment Plant) and retreated water by URC(ultra rapid coagulation) process treat with that. Second, sewage and wastewater is gathered, make it disposed. After then, we circulate treated water. If solution plans be applied, we can predict water quality. Then we could grope for how make to recovery role of Seung-Gi stream as stream.

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Adaptability of Improved Wild Vine in Slopled Highland and It's Effect of Soil Conservation (개량머루의 고랭지 적응성과 토양보전 효과)

  • Lee, Gye-Jun;Lee, Jeong-Tae;Yoon, Yeong-Nam;Jin, Yong-Ik;Park, Chol-Soo;Zhang, Yong-Seon;Joo, Jin-Ho;Hwang, Seon-Woong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.419-424
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    • 2008
  • Objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation and the soil conservation effect of improved wild vine in sloped upland of highland about 600m from sea level in Korea. A mainly producing district of the improved wild vine in Korea was distributed 230m to 540m from sea level, and its rainfall ranged 1,200 to 1,700 mm. The lowest temperature was from -19.6 to $-25.4^{\circ}C$. Their soil texture was from sandy loam to clay loam, where drainage class was well drained and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the improved wild vine's cultivation area were higher than those of Chinese cabbage's cultivation area in the highland. According to improved wild vine's cultivation methods, the amounts of soil erosion were 25.5,4.1, and $1.8MT\;ha^{-1}$ in clean culture, part sod + mulching, and nature sod, respectively. Those were below 30 to $80MT\;ha^{-1}$ of sloped upland at highland in Korea. The result suggests that it is possible to cultivate the improved wild vine over wintering at 600m of highland above the sea level. We can substitute the improved wild vine for Chinese cabbage in the highland for soil conservation.

Treatment of Garbage Leachate with Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion Coupled with Ultra Filtration (막결합형 2상 혐기성 소화 공정을 이용한 음식물 탈리액 처리)

  • Lee, Eun-Young;Kim, Hyung-Kuk;Giang, Luu Thi Thuy;Bae, Jae-Ho;Bae, Young-Shin;Won, Jong-Choul;Lee, Jae-Hoon;Park, Seung-Kyun;Cho, Yong-Wan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.11
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    • pp.997-1006
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    • 2009
  • Organic removal efficiency and methane production rate, a feasibility of power generation from biogas, and the optimum conditions for membrane operation were evaluated for the pilot scale (5 tons/day) two-phase anaerobic digestion coupled with ultra filtration (TPADUF) system fed with garbage leachate. The TPADUF system is consisted of a thermophilic acidogenic reactor, a mesophilic methanogenic reactor, and an UF membrane. When garbage leachate with 150 g/L of TCOD was fed to the TPADUF up to organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.1 g COD/L/d, the effluent TCOD was lower than 6 g/L and the average removal efficiencies of TCOD and SCOD were higher than 95%. The methane composition of the gas was 65%, and the methane yield was 39 $m^3/m^3$ garbage leachatefed, 260 $m^3$/tons $COD_{added}$, or 270 $m^3$/tons $COD_{removed}$, even there was some gas leak. The power production per consumed gas was 0.96 kWh/$m^3$ gas or 1.49 kWh/$m^3$ methane. This lower power production efficiency mainly due to the small capacity of gas engine (15 kW class). The membrane was operated at the average flux of 10 L/$m^2$/hr. When the flux decreased, washing with water and chemical (NaOCl) was conducted to restore the flux. In the TPADUF system, optimum pH could be maintained without alkali addition by recycling the membrane concentrate or mixed liquor of the methanogenic digester to the acidogenic reactor. Also, partial production of methane in the acidogenic reactor had a positive effect on lowering the OLR of the methanogenic reactor.

호박분말을 첨가한 라면의 저장 안정성에 대한 연구

  • Byeon, Jang-Won;Park, Jin-Gwan;Lee, Chi-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 2006
  • 호박 분말을 첨가한 라면의 $\beta$-carotene의 함량 정량 결과 호박분말을 첨가할수록 $\beta$-carotene의 함량은 증가하였다. 총균수 검사에서는 제조 후 44일까지는 균이 검출되지 않았으며 58일째부터 호박 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 그 총균수의 검출이 증가함을 알 수 있으며 이는 공기 중의 미생물의 오염과 상온 상태의 호박에 함유되어 있는 여러 종류의 영양성분 등에 의하여 균이 성장할 수 있는 최대의 생육 조건에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 관능 검사에서 가장 선호도가 좋았던 호박 분말을 2.5% 첨가한 라면은 과산화물가가 기준치에 도달하는 기간을 120일(약 4개월)로 추측할 수 있었다. TBA value의 실험에서는 2.5% 호박 분말이 첨가된 라면의 산패는 대조군과 큰 차이를 보이지 않으므로 이것을 줄이기 위해 완전한 밀봉 포장이 이루어진다면 산패의 속도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 호박을 첨가한 라면의 저장 안정성에 대한 연구 결과 호박을 첨가하면 할수록 라면의 저장성이 떨어진다고 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 그러한 원인으로는 호박에 함유되어 있는 여러 종류의 영양성분과 라면과의 결합시 호박에 함유된 $\beta$-carotene 이외의 다른 물질들에 의해서 저장성 및 안정성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보관 시의 문제점으로써 포장상태를 들 수 있는데 포장상태가 완전한 밀봉상태가 아닌 비닐팩을 이용하였다는 것이다. 이는 호박 라면의 공기와의 접촉을 촉진한 계기가 되었으며 그로 인하여 여러 가지 미생물들의 활성이 활발히 이루어졌으며 또한 지질의 산패를 가속화시킨 결과라고 생각된다. 따라서 호박 라면 제조시 이러한 공기와의 접촉을 차단시킬 수 있는 포장재료를 선택해야 될 것으로 사료된다.0.05), 맛, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 유의한 차이가 없었다.자체를 악하다고 볼 수 없고 더구나 구원을 이 세상에서의 이탈로 볼 수 없다. 진정한 구원이란 원래 하나님이 보시기에 아름다웠던 그 세상으로의 회복을 포함한다. 이런 면에서 하나님 주권 신앙 하에서 구원이란 전 인격적인 구원, 전 우주적인 구원이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 성도는 세상의 삶과 학문, 예술, 정치, 경제, 사회를 포함한 모든 분야를 하나님의 뜻 가운데서 그 원래의 목적에 부합할 수 있도록 회복시키는 일에 적극 참여해야 한다.자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.i와 K. pneumoniae가 존재하며 확산 중임을 시사한다. 앞으로 CTX-M형 ESBL의 만연과 변종 CTX-M형 ESBL의 출연을 감시하기 위한 정기적인 연구와 조사가 필요한 것으로 생각한다., A2-1, B1-1, B2-1의 경우, 강우 일수 감소 이전과 연 유출량 변화는 거의 없었으나, 유사량과 영양물질 부하량은 다소

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The study on increasing of biodegradability by pre-treatment of municipal wasted sludge in anaerobic digestion process (도시하수슬러지의 전처리에 따른 혐기성 소화공정의 생분해율 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2002
  • The slow degradation rate of sludge in anaerobic digestion is due to rate-limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. To upgrading of sludge hydrolysis and biodegradabiliry, the pre-treatment had been carried out using acidlc (pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline (pH 9, 10, 13), thermal (50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$), and ultrasonic treatment (400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the Soluble SCOD Ratio(%)of treated/untreated sample were increased 102% in acid (pH5), 986% in alkali (pH 13), 595% in thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic (35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acid treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity in vial test, the thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) pre-treatment was the highest, followed by thermal ($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic (90min), alkaline (pH 9), and ultrasonic (50min). We compared untreated samples and the most efficient pre-treatment samples(at $200^{\circ}C$, for 30min) on gas productivity with changes of HRT in continuous experiments IN thermal treated samples were 2.5 times in SCOD, 2 times in soluble protein and 3.3 times high in soluble carbohydrate than untreated ones. In gas productivity, the thermal treated samples were average 2 times high than untreated ones. And HRT 7 days was most effective. followed by HRT 10, HRT 15 days. But The gas productiviry of HRT 2.5 days was less than untreated, the reason of low gas productivity was come from high organic acids accumulation within reactor.

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Decision of Stream Flow of Sum-jin River for Water-Purity Utilizing QUAL2K Model (Qual2K 모형을 이용한 섬진강의 수질보전을 위한 하천유지유량산정)

  • Park, Sung-Chun;Roh, Kyong-Bum;Lee, Yong-Hee;Jin, Young-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.187-191
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    • 2011
  • 현재 국내 하천은 급격한 산업화 도시화 및 하천의 난개발로 인해 하천 고유의 자연성이 훼손되어 수질오염이 심각한 경우가 많으며, 특히 저 갈수기에는 하천 수량이 부족하여 하천수질이 더욱 악화되는 실정이다. 이러한 원인은 우리나의 개발 우선주의에 의한 하천의 난개발 및 인식 부족이 주 원인으로 이를 개선하기 위한 노력이 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 섬진강 본류구간을 연구대상 구간으로 선정하여 목표수질 달성 및 생태건강성 확보를 위한 하천유지유량 산정을 위해 Qual2K 모형을 적용하였다. 섬진강은 국내의 타하천에 비해 생태 건강성이 뛰어난 편이며, 수질 또한 양호한 상태로 섬진강의 자연성 보전 및 유지가 반드시 필요한 실정이다. Qual2K는 미국환경청(US-EPA)에서 개발한 모형으로 Qual2E 모형의 단점을 보완한 것으로 사용자가 하천의 지형 특성을 충분히 반영할 수 있으며, 정확한 오염원의 유출입 지점을 특정할 수 있으며, 수질 반응을 개선한 모델이다. QUAL2K 모델에 이용된 오염원 및 부하량은 제2단계 섬진강 수질오염총량제의 값을 이용하였으며, 섬진강의 생태건강성 유지를 위한 하천유지유량의 산정은 수질오염총량제에서 제시한 목표수질보다 강화된 목표수질을 만족할 경우의 유량을 하천유지유량으로 설정하여 추정하였다. 수질모의는 섬본E, 섬본D의 BOD 목표수질이 1.2mg/L일 경우에 대해 모의를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 BOD 농도 1.0mg/L의 청정수는 섬진강댐에서 $0.5m^3/s$, 주암댐에서 $1.0m^3/s$의 유지수를 도입할 경우 섬본E, 섬본D지점에서 BOD 1.2mg/L를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

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Analysis of water purification in the FWS wetland for Agreculture Area (농업지역 내 FWS 인공습지의 수질정화효율 분석)

  • Kang, Chang-Guk;Maniquiz, Marla C.;Son, Young-Gyu;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2010
  • Annually, the scale of agricultural areas in Korea were being reduced as the lands were converted to other land uses. While the rate of productivity were either being maintained or increased, the pollution load from these areas were still greater in magnitude. Although the levels of pollutant concentration released in the agricultural watersheds were minimal, the combined quantities mostly from diffuse sources were high. As a consequence, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea adopted the use of free water surface (FWS) flow constructed wetlands to reduce the pollutant loadings emitted from agricultural watersheds for the improvement of water quality and protection of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a constructed wetland treating stream water in an agricultural watershed was monitored since April 2009 subsequent to its completion in December 2008. Satisfactory performance was achieved for TSS, BOD and TP with 26%, 28% and 39% pollutant removal rates, respectively. In addition, the effluent water quality was improved and achieved compliance the national water quality criteria. Results of this study can be useful to establish design parameters and employ proper removal techniques of similar natural treatment systems for future implementation in the country.

Water Treatment of Seawater Recirculating Aquaculture System by Using Three Phase Fluidized Bed Reactor (삼상 유동층 반응조를 이용한 해수 순환 여과 시설의 수처리)

  • Lee, Byung-Hun;Choi, Hyeok;Ryu, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2000
  • Capacity of water treatment of the three phase fluidized bed reactor as a biofilter in the seawater recirculating system was evaluated. The water treatment system consists of fluidized bed reactor for ammonia removal, cartridge filter for solid removal and ozone contactor for disinfection. Mean concentration of water quality parameters: COD, TAN, $NO_2$-N, $NO_3$-N, SS and alkalinity were 9.0, 0.22, 0.05, 20.0, 9.5 and 70.0 mg/l, respectively; the relevant values were 7.6 for pH and 3.64 NTU for turbidity. These indicate the maintenance of good water quality by the treatment system. The influent TAN loading rate in to the fluidized bed reactor ranged from 4.3 to 32.9 g/$m^3$/day, and averaged to 20 g/$m^3$/day. TAN removal efficiency of each phase of the fluidized bed reactor was 47-60%, indicating the effective ammonia removal. During operation the effluent of fluidized bed reactors also maintained the unionized ammonia nitrogen level below 0.002 mg/l.

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Heating Performance of Hot Water Supplying System in Greenhouse (온수배관을 이용한 온실의 난방성능)

  • Yoon, Yong-Cheol;Shin, Yik-Soo;Kim, Hyeon-Tae;Bae, Seoung-Beom;Choi, Jin-Sik;Suh, Won-Myung
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 2012
  • This research was conducted to obtain basic data with regard to the heating performance that would be produced by installing an aluminum hot water pipe inside the greenhouse with the goal of reducing the heating energy in greenhouse. The research results are summarized as follows. The degree of difference in relation to the temperature by height within the greenhouse during the entire experiment was significant - within the range of 4.0~$7.0^{\circ}C$. The temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was about $3.3^{\circ}C$ greater when FCU was activated compared to when it was not activated. Meanwhile, the amount of energy consumed increased about 36.2~40.1%. The amount of pyrexia per hour also increased by 44.6~52.0%. During the experiment period, circulated flux was within the range of 0.48~$0.49L{\cdot}s^{-1}$ while average fluid speed was 1.53~$1.56m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The average temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was 6.24~$11.50^{\circ}C$. The amount of heating value by each set temperature within the minimum outdoor temperature range of -14.0~$-0.6^{\circ}C$ was 135,930~307,150 kcal, and the range was within the 9,610~$19,630kcal{\cdot}h^{-1}$ per hour. This demonstrated that about 23~53% heating energy of the maximum heating load could be supplied. Total radiating value and amount of energy consumed were 2,548,306 kcal and 3,075.7 kWh, respectively. When heating takes place using oil, which is a fossil fuel, the total amount of light oil consumed was 281.6 L while the cost was 321,000 won. When the electricity cost for farms is applied, the total cost was about 110,730 won, which is about 33.5% of the cost required compared to oil consumption. The temperature at in the experiment area was about 8.3~$14.6^{\circ}C$ higher compared to that of the control area.