• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.138-141
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• 2024

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 2016

The morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among 32 germplasms of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum collected from two farms in Korea were investigated. The traits with the most variability were seed color, leaf size, and spine size. The intraspecific polymorphism of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 96.5% and 60.3%, respectively. The genetic diversity and Shannon’s information index values ranged from 0.11 to 0.33 and 0.19 to 0.50, with average values of 0.26 and 0.42, respectively. Two ISSR primers (UBC861 and UBC862) were able to distinguish the different species. The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) revealed variability among the accessions ranging from 0.116 to 0.816. The intraspecific GSM for Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 0.177-0.780 and 0.250-0.816, respectively. The GSM findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have high genetic diversity and possess germplasms qualifying as good genetic resources for cross breeding. The clustering analysis separated Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum into independent groups, and all accessions could be classified into three categories. Z. Schinifolium var. nermis belonged to independent groups. Comparison of the clusters based on morphological analysis with those based on ISSR data resulted in an unclear pattern of division among the accessions. The study findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have genetic diversity, and ISSR markers were useful for identifying Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

In order to provide the molecular genetic information necessary for conservation of bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L), one of the rare species in Korea, I-SSR analysis was performed on two populations on Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak. A total of 68 I-SSR products were observed, and higher level of genetic diversity was observed in Mt. Halla population (S.I.=0.539) than in the Mt. Seorak population (S.I,=0.401). Level of genetic diversity in this species was relatively higher than those in other rare species analysed with I-SSR marker. From the results of AMOVA, exceptionally large proportion of genetic diversity (33.5%) was resulted from genetic difference between two populations, and only 66.5% of the genetic variation was allocated in common among individuals within each population, compared with the results in other long-lived woody species. This remarkably high degree of genetic heterogeneity existed between Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak populations might suggest that they might be originated from the independent progenitors before the post glacier ages, respectively, and/or that they undergone random genetic drift respectively due to geographical isolation resulted from dramatic changes in environmental conditions after the post glacier ages.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2008

Recently, game players want new game requiring more various tactics and strategies in the complex environment beyond simple and repetitive play. Various artificial intelligence techniques have been suggested to make the game characters learn within this environment, and the recent researches include the neural network and the genetic algorithm. The Genetic programming(GP) has been used in this study for learning strategy of the agent in the pursuit-evasion problem which is used widely in the game theories. The suggested GP algorithm is faster than the existing algorithm such as neural network, it can be understood instinctively, and it has high adaptability since the evolving chromosomes can be transformed to the reasoning rules.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2022

북한식물은 남한이 아닌, 북한 또는 이북지역에 자생하는 식물이며 DMZ자생식물원은 국내 유일의 북한식물 연구센터로서 한반도의 생물다양성 자료구축, 보전, 활용에 관한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 동아시아의 생태계를 이해하고 통일 이후의 황폐화된 북한의 식생 복원 기반 구축 및 산업화 소재 발굴을 위해 북한식물에 관한 체계적인 자료정리와 북한식물 유전자원(표본, 생체, 종자) 수집전략이 요구된다. 본 연구는 국내·외 수목원 및 관련기관의 북한식물 유전자원에 대한 보유 현황을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 조선식물지 등 북한식물 종에 관한 문헌과 전문가 검토를 거쳐 북한식물 DB를 구축하였다. 국내·외 수목원 DB에 북한식물 학명을 검색하여 각 수목원의 북한식물 유전자원 보유 현황을 확인하였다. 북한식물 480 분류군에 대하여 국내 14개 수목원을 포함한 전 세계 6개 대륙, 42개국, 283곳의 수목원을 탐색한 결과 총 432 분류군에 대한 보유 현황을 파악하였다. 189 분류군에 대한 1,475 점의 표본정보를 확보하였으며, 327 분류군에 대한 3,652 건의 생체 및 종자 보유 여부를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 북한식물 유전자원을 체계적으로 수집하여 향후 한반도 생물다양성의 이해를 증진시키고 북한지역 생태계의 보전 및 복원에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2012

The level of genetic variation and relationships in three native Korean goat populations (Dangjin, Jangsu, and Tongyeong) as well as the populations of a farm were analyzed, based on 30 microsatellite markers. A total of 277 distinct alleles were observed across the four goat populations, and 102 (36.8%) of these alleles were unique to only one population. The mean observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were calculated as 0.461~0.651 and 0.462~0.679, respectively. In the NJ tree constructed based on Nei's $D_A$ genetic distance, the four populations represented four distinct groups. However, the genetic distances between each Korean native goat population and the farm population were two times those among the three native Korean breeds. The genetic structure within the three Korean native goat populations was also investigated. Cluster analysis, using the STRUCTURE software, suggested three clusters. The molecular information of genetic diversity and relationships in this study will be useful for the evaluation, conservation, and utilization of native Korean goat breeds as genetic resources.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2015

Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is a endangered species considered as a vulnerable grade-organism in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. As a fundamental baseline study for establishing a giant grouper broodstock management system, the efficiency for parentage analysis was evaluated by using microsatellite makers previously available in this species. The eight microsatellites generated a total 52 alleles from 32 individuals, the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.663, and mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.011, consequently suggesting that the present broodstock has retained the high level of genetic diversity. However, our analysis also recommended the collection of more broodfish for more stable brood line, since the estimated value of the effective population size was proven to be 35. The average probability of identity was $6.85{\times}10^{-11}$. NE-2P and NE-PP of paternity non-exclusion probabilities were 0.00835 and 0.00027, respectively. As the result of principle coordinate analysis, the genotype of broodstock was not overlapped, suggesting that the management system of giant grouper based on eight selected microsatellite markers might be effective, although further validation with extended number of broodfish might also be needed in future. Data of present study could be a useful basis to avoid the unwanted selection of broodfish that possess close genetic relationship with current broodstock, and consequently to establish effective broodstock management system allowing the production of progeny with high genetic diversity.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2020

전 지구적으로 생물다양성의 지속적인 감소 추세에 따른 생물자원의 중요성이 증가하는 시점에서, 식물 유전자원의 종 다양성 보존과 지속가능한 이용을 위한 체계적이고 현실적인 방안 마련이 절실한 실정이다. 국내에서도 2017년에 유전자원 접근 및 이익 공유에 대한 나고야 의정서가 발효됨에 따라 식물유래 BT산업 소재의 국내 자급이 불가피해진 상황이며, 더불어 국토의 생태복원에 적합한 식물 소재 개발의 중요성이 대두되면서 자생식물의 종자 수급기반 대책은 국가적 차원에서 중대한 과제라 할 수 있다. 우리나라는 면적 대비 높은 식물 종 다양성을 보이며, 이는 종자의 휴면유형 또한 다양하고 복잡할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 식물유전자원으로써의 보존 및 국가 경제적 이익을 위한 종자 활용, 산업화를 위해서는 종자의 생리적 특성에 기반 한 데이터베이스의 축적과 효과적인 활용을 위한 종자 휴면유형 분류 및 적정 휴면타파 조건을 확립할 필요가 있다. 현재까지 다양한 식물종에서 종자 휴면의 하위 카테고리가 계속적으로 세부 분류되고 있으나, 아직까지 밝혀지지 않은 세부 휴면유형에 의해 많은 유용 식물자원의 활용이 제한적이다. 종자의 휴면유형은 크게 외생휴면(Exogenous dormancy)과 내생휴면(Endogenous dormancy)으로 분류되며, 국내에서는 내생휴면에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 한편 외생휴면은 물리적 휴면(Physical dormancy), 기계적 휴면(Mechanical dormancy) 및 화학적 휴면(Chemical dormancy)으로 세부 분류되며, 기계적 휴면과 화학적 휴면은 내생휴면인 생리적 휴면(Physiological dormancy)에 포함되어야 한다는 의견도 있다. 물리적 휴면 종자에서는 water-gap 복합체의 존재 등에서 원인을 찾을 수 있으나, 발아억제 호르몬에 기인하는 화학적 휴면 및 종(과)피 또는 배유에 의한 기계적 휴면은 배의 성장잠재력과 발달에 의해 타파될 수 있다. 이와 같이 실제로 많은 식물 종에서 다양하게 존재하는 외생휴면 유형에 대해 내생휴면과는 명확히 다른 방식으로 접근되어야 하므로, 다년간의 체계적 연구를 통해 미흡한 종자생리 연구 분야를 보완하고 자생식물의 종자 활용도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

The genetic diversity and structure of P. tongkangensis in 5 populations from 3 regions was investigated using 56 markers derived from 6 ISSR primers. Genetic diversity at the species level (P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240) was substantial considering the limited distribution and small size of populations. Genetic differentiation among regions (12%) and among populations (13%) in the region was not clearly evident, which suggested a moderate level of gene flow among adjacent populations. The Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic differentiation (${\Phi}_{ST}$) and geographic distance among populations. This was supported by cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The significant difference in marker band frequency at many loci and their fixation in opposite directions in the smallest and most isolated population SC were considered due to genetic drift. Therefore, the genetic diversity of P. tongkangensis could be compromised if the distribution area or the size of the population was further reduced. In particular, small and isolated populations could be at great risk of extinction. Considering this, the unique habitats of P. tongkangensis should be protected and the reduction of population size should be closely monitored. Conservation efforts including the seeding and planting of seedlings should be done carefully based on their genetic and ecological traits. Our data support the argument that establishing an integrated management system for the efficient conservation of P. tongkangensis is critical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.641-651
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• 2022

The biodiversity research of barley, a functional food, is proceeding to conserve germplasms and develop new cultivar of barley to improve its functional effects. In this study, with 25,104 barley germplasms in the National Agrobiodiversity Center, South Korea, the biodiversity index of species was much lower (1.17) than the origins (24.73) because of the presence of a biased species, Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare, but the species and origin of germplasms were significantly different with regard to genetic traits. In the clustering analysis based on genetic traits, we found that 97% barley germplasms could mostly be distributed between 1~7 clusters out of a total of 15 clusters; 'normal and uzu type', 'lodging', and 'loose smut' were commonly represented in the 1~7 clusters and some clusters showed specific differences in five genetic traits including 'growth habit'. In correlation of each genetic trait, the infection of 'barley yellow mosaic virus' was highly correlated to 'number of grains per spike'. '1000 grain weight' was weakly correlated with seven genetic traits including 'number of grains per spike'. Our analysis for barley's biodiversity can provide a useful guide to the species' phenotypes that need to be collected to conserve biodiversity and to breed new barley varieties.