• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.520-528
• /
• 2013

Makeup simulation is a tool that tests various makeup methods on a virtual digital face using input and display devices. Although several simulation systems supporting various makeup styles have been recently developed, most systems have many limitations on realistic skin representations because they use 2D facial images. We develope a realistic makeup simulation method which can control skin reflectance and roughness parameters. The method allows a user to simulate makeup applications while changing skin parameters using high-resolution facial data acquired by 3D scanners. Besides we use a point-based shape representation which enables simple and flexible 3D rendering, and provide a more realistic makeup simulation by applying different skin parameters on each part of the face.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2016.11a
• /
• pp.122.1-122.1
• /
• 2016

관상동맥 경화나 말초 혈관 동맥 경화 등이 발생한 경우 스텐트를 이용한 치료나 혈관 접합술(bypass grafting surgery)에 의한 치료를 하게 된다. 그러나 많은 경우 치료 부위에 발생한 혈관 조직에의 손상으로 인해 재협착(restenosis)이나 폐색(occlusion)이 일어나 환자의 생명을 위협하는 치명적인 결과를 유발하는 경우가 종종 발생한다. 이러한 재협착이나 폐색은 혈관민무니근세포(smooth muscle cells)의 이상성장(abnormal growth) 때문인데, 이를 억제하기 위한 다양한 약물이 개발되어 왔으나 치료 대상 부위에 높은 효율로 2~3 주간의 기간 동안 약물 전달하기가 어려운 실정이다. 최근 혈관접합 부위 (anastomosis site)등에 적용할 수 있는 메쉬나 실린더 형상의 약물전달 디바이스들이 개발되어 왔으나 약물 전달의 효율 등에서 더 개선이 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 본 발표에서는 혈관 외벽에 장착되어 혈관 중간막 (tunica media) 조직으로의 약물 전달 효율을 높이기 위해 마이크로니들(microneedles)을 이용한 디바이스들을 개발하고 약물 전달 성능과 치료효과를 소개하고자 한다. 열인장 공정 (thermal drawing)과 트랜스포 몰딩(transfer molding) 등의 마이크로 니들 제작공정을 설명하고 이를 바탕으로 제작된 커프(cuff) 형 및 유연 메쉬 (flexible mesh) 형의 디바이스 개발 과정을 소개하고자 한다. 특히, 이 디바이스들의 동물실험을 통한 약물 전달 효율의 향상 및 치료 효과의 증대에 대한 논의를 하고자 한다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.243-254
• /
• 1997

When dynamic loads such as mechanical load, wind load, and seismic load, which causing a vibration, acts on the body of the 3-D framework resting on soil foundation, it is required to consider the dynamic behavior of soil-space framework interation system. Thus, this study presents the 3-dimensional soil-interaction system analyzed by finite element method using 4-node plate elements with flexibility, 2-node beam elements, and 8-node brick elements for the purpose of idealizing an actual structure into a geometric shape. The objective of this study is the formulation of the equation for a dynamic motion and the development of the finite element program which can analyze the dynamic behavior of soil-space framework interaction system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 1999

격자부정합한 반도체 양자점은 광전소자 분야의 활용가능성으로 인하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 반도체 레이저 분야에서는 양자우물 레이저에 비하여 낮은 문턱전류 밀도, 높은 이득, 높은 양자효율, 그리고 극한 물성 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 격자부정합한 구조로 양자점을 형성시키는 대표적인 물질이 InAs이다. InAs(격자상수 6.058 $\AA$)는 GaAs(격자상수 5.653 $\AA$)와 약 7%의 격자부정합을 가지고 잇기 때문에 GaAs 기판위에서 Stranski-Krastanov-like한 성장모드를 가지게 되고, 그로 인하여 자연적으로 양자점이 형성되게 된다. 3차원적으로 양자화된 특성을 가지는 InAs 양자점은 기저준위의 실온연속발진이 보고 되고 있으나 그 특성은 이론적으로 예측한 것과는 많이 다른 양상을 보이고 있다. 이것의 주된 원인으로는 양자점 크기 및 조성의 균일화, 그리고 양자점 크기 및 밀도의 최적호가 아직까지 이루어지고 있지 못하기 때문이다. 따라서 정밀하게 양자점을 제어하는 기술이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 분자선 에피택시(MBE)방법으로 GaAs(100) 기판위에 InAs 양자점을 크기에 따라 형성시키고, 양자점의 성장 형상을 AFM으로, 그리고 분광학적 특성을 Photoluminescence로 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.311-311
• /
• 2023

파형강관은 아연도금강판을 물결모양으로 성형하여 나선형으로 조관한 연성관으로 콘크리트 흄관을 대체하여 각종 토목공사의 우수 및 하수관으로 주로 사용되고 있다. 파형강관은 강판에 물결 형상을 성형하여 내하력을 부여하였기 때문에 높은 강도를 지니고 있고, 경량이고 유연성이 있어 기초공사가 쉽고 현장에서의 운반 및 보관이 용이하여 그 활용이 점차 확대되고 있다. 이러한 파형강관의 내/외부에 기능성 고분자 복합 Polymer(다중필름)을 코팅하여 일반 파형강관 대비 더 높은 내식성 및 내마모성을 구현한 제품을 NPE 피복 파형강관이라 하며, 내부에 평판을 2중으로 결합하여 일반 파형강관 대비 통수능력을 개선한 파형강관을 내부평활 파형강관이라고 한다. 최근 파형강관의 활용이 점차 확대되고 있음에도 불구하고, 파형강관에 국한된 수리역학적 특성에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이며, 그마저도 주로 만관 혹은 만관에 가까운 상태에서의 흐름만이 고려되어 왔다. 하지만 대구경의 파형 강관이 우수 배관 및 하수 처리를 위하여 설치될 경우 개수로 흐름이 발생하게 된다. 이에, NPE 피복 파형강관과 내부평활 파형강관 내에서의 개수로 흐름을 다양한 유량 및 수심 변화를 통하여 생성하였으며, 각각의 수리학적 조건에서 통수능을 결정하는데 중요한 상수인 조도계수를 수리 실험을 실시하여 결정하였다. 이는 현재 국내에서 생산되고 있는 NPE 피복 파형강관과 내부 평활강관의 활용에 있어서 국제 경쟁력을 높이는데 큰 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.619-628
• /
• 2010

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) has recently received attention in developing implantable surgical equipments and it is expected to lead the future medical device market by adequately imitating surgeons' flexible and delicate hand movement. However, SMA actuators have not been used widely because of their nonlinear behavior called hysteresis, which makes their control difficult. Hence, we propose a parameter, $t_1$, which is necessary for temperature control, by analyzing the open-loop step response between current and temperature and by comparing it with the values of linear differential equations. $t_1$ is a pole of the transfer function in the invariant linear model in which the input and output are current and temperature, respectively; hence, $t_1$ is found to be related to the state variable used for temperature control. When considering the parameter under heat treatment conditions, $T_{max}$ was found to assume the lowest value, and $t_1$ was irrelevant to the heat treatment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.1025-1037
• /
• 2015

Flexible base isolation bearings that separate superstructure from ground have been widely used in the construction field because they make a significant contribution to increasing the fundamental period of the structure, thereby decreasing response acceleration transmitted into the superstructure. However, the established bearing devices installed to uphold the whole building give rise to some problems involved with failure and collapse due to lack of the capacity as modern structures are getting more massive and higher. Therefore, this study suggests new isolation bearings assembled with additional restrainers enabled to reinforcing and recentering, and then evaluates their performance to withstand the seismic load. The superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars are installed into the conventional lead-rubber bearing (LRB) devices in order to provide recentering forces. These new systems are modeled as component spring models for the purpose of conducting nonlinear dynamic analyses with near fault ground motion data. The LRB devices with steel bars are also designed and analyzed to compare their responses with those of new systems. After numerical analyses, ultimate strength, maximum displacement, permanent deformation, and recentering ratio are compared to each model with an aim to investigate which base isolation models are superior. It can be shown that LRB models with superelastic SMA bars are superior to other models compared to each other in terms of seismic resistance and recentering effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2010

Actuation using a shape memory alloy (SMA) is considered to be an important technology that will play a leading role in market for next-generation medical devices because an SMA actuator can accurately imitate skillful and delicate hand movements. However, SMA actuators have not been successfully used because of problems in control design caused by the nonlinear hysteresis effect of SMA, which leads to inaccuracies in control systems. In order to overcome the effect, the authors invented a SMA actuator, which could actively and rapidly cool down and heat up, by combining a SMA catheter and a TE module using the Peltier effect. In order to evaluate the TE characteristics of our TE module system, the changes in the temperature with 1) incremental increases in a continuous electric current and 2) the appearance of a discontinuous constant or reverse current are discussed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2023

In safety assessment of a aged bridge, dynamic characteristics and displacement are directly related to the rigidity of the structural system, especially displacement is the most important factor as the physical quantity that the bridge user can directly detect. However, in order to measure the displacement of the bridge, it is difficult to install displacement sensors at the bottom of the bridge and conduct traffic blocking and loading tests, resulting in increased costs or impossible measurements depending on the bridge's environment. In this study, a method of measuring the displacement of a bridge using only accelerometers without installing displacement sensors and ambient vibration without a loading test was proposed. For the analysis of bridge dynamic characteristics and displacement using ambient vibration, the mode shape and natural frequency of the bridge were extracted using a TDD technique known to enable quick analysis with simple calculations, and the unit load displacement of the bridge was analyzed through flexibility analysis to calculate static displacement. To verify this proposed technology, an on-site test was conducted on C Bridge, and the results were compared with the measured values of the loading test and the structural analysis data. As a result, it was confirmed that the mode shape and natural frequency were 0.42 to 1.13 % error ratio, and the maximum displacement at the main span was 3.58 % error ratio. Therefore, the proposed technology can be used as a basis data for indirectly determine the safety of the bridge by comparing the amount of displacement compared to the design and analysis values by estimating the displacement of the bridge that could not be measured due to the difficulty of installing displacement sensors.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2023

Today, in order to improve fuel efficiency and dynamic behavior of automobiles, an era of light weight and simplification of automobile parts is being formed. In order to simplify and design and manufacture the shape of the product, various components are integrated. For example, in order to commercialize three products into one product, product processing is occurring to a very narrow area. In the case of existing parts, precision die casting or casting production is used for processing convenience, and the multi-piece method requires a lot of processes and reduces the precision and strength of the parts. It is very advantageous to manufacture integrally to simplify the processing air and secure the strength of the parts, but if a deep and narrow pocket part needs to be processed, it cannot be processed with the equipment's own spindle. To solve a problem, research on cutting processing is being actively conducted, and multi-axis composite processing technology not only solves this problem. It has many advantages, such as being able to cut into composite shapes that have been difficult to flexibly cut through various processes with one machine tool so far. However, the reality is that expensive equipment increases manufacturing costs and lacks engineers who can operate the machine. In the five-axis cutting processing machine, when producing products with deep and narrow sections, the cycle time increases in product production due to the indirectness of tools, and many problems occur in processing. Therefore, dedicated machine tools and multi-axis composite machines should be used. Alternatively, an angle spindle may be used as a special tool capable of multi-axis composite machining of five or more axes in a three-axis machining center. Various and continuous studies are needed in areas such as processing vibration absorption, low heat generation and operational stability, excellent dimensional stability, and strength securing by using the angle spindle.