• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

This study aims to elicit criteria regarding reassessment and designation of linear scenic sites henceforth. The results are as follows; First, based on the documents from the Cultural Properties Protection Committee of Korea, 23 out of 113 scenic sites in Korea were drawn, and their linear characteristics were categorized into four types including valleys, paths, rivers, and ridges. The linear scenic sites provide certain features in terms of sequence and direction, which results in the similar utilization among the sites which share the linear similarity. Second, the 23 sites mentioned above were intensely examined on the basis of six criteria for linear scenic sites through FGI, focus group interview. The criteria consist of six elements involving core resource(12), lot number(8), unclear(8), management path(5), ridge(4), basin(3). Third, the Cultural Heritage Administration has prioritized core resource since 2010, when designating a scenic site, whereas it tended to consider lot number as priority prior to 2010. It is thought that the authority gave consideration to issues related to private ownership of property in the scenic sites and the purpose of designation. Fourth, scenic sites are generally designated in accordance with the boundary of core resource, and in most cases, there are buffer zones alongside the core resource.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2010

We study the basic theory and applicability of the WQUAL block in the FFC2Q model and the characteristics of non-point pollutant loads during the early stage of runoff. Study is also performed on selection of the values of the related parameters and their effect on the simulation results. FFC2Q simulation results are compared for verification with the measured data for three rainfall events in the Gunja Subbasin and found to be similar to the measured data in peak-flows, total runoff volumes, total loads, peak concentrations and times of peak concentration. This model thus shows results very close to those applying the SWMM and MOUSE models, even though it uses simplified input data. Related to rainfall distribution, under the condition of Huff 1st quartile distribution the pollutant loads occurred earlier than under other conditions, and in the early stage of rainfall the BOD and COD loads increased faster than the SS loads. The NPS loads were concentrated in the early stage of rainfall and finally reached total loads, so the rainfall after that could not contribute so much to the NPS loads.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2017

수자원 분야에 대한 기후변화의 영향은 홍수, 가뭄 등 극치 수문사상의 증가와 변동성 확대를 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이에 따라 예년에 비해 발생빈도 및 심도가 증가한 가뭄에 대한 모니터링 및 피해경감을 위해 정부에서는 국민안전처를 비롯한 관계기관 합동으로 생활 공업 농업용수 등 분야별 가뭄정보를 제공하고 있다. 국토교통부와 환경부는 생활 및 공업용수 분야의 가뭄정보 제공을 위해 광역 지방 상수도를 이용하는 급수 지역과 마을상수도, 소규모급수시설 등 미급수지역의 용수수급 정보를 분석하여 가뭄 분석정보를 제공 중에 있다. 하지만, 미급수지역에 대한 가뭄 예?경보는 기준이 되는 수원정보의 부재로 기상 가뭄지수인 SPI6를 이용하여 정보를 생산하고 있다. 기상학적 가뭄 상황과 물부족에 의한 체감 가뭄은 차이가 있으며, 미급수 지역의 경우 지하수를 주 수원으로 사용하는 지역이 대부분으로 기상학적 가뭄지수인 SPI6를 이용한 가뭄정보로 실제 물수급 상황을 반영하기는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미급수지역의 주요 수원인 지하수의 수위 상황을 반영한 가뭄모니터링 기법을 개발하고자 하였으며, 가용량 분석이 현실적으로 어려운 지하수의 특성을 고려하여 수위 거동의 통계적 분석을 통해 가뭄을 모니터링 할 수 있는 방법으로 접근하였다. 국가지하수관측소 중 관측기간이 10년 이상이고 강우와의 상관성이 높은 관측소들을 선정한 후, 일수위 관측자료를 월별로 분리하여 1월~12월 각 월에 대해 핵밀도 함수 추정기법(kernel densitiy estimation)을 적용하여 월별 지하수위 분포 특성을 도출하였다. 각 관측소별 관측수위 분포에 대해 백분위수(percentile)를 이용하여, 25%~100% 사이는 정상, 10%~25% 사이는 주의단계, 5%~10% 사이는 심한가뭄, 5% 이하는 매우심함으로 가뭄의 단계를 구분하였다. 각 백분위수에 해당하는 수위 값은 추정된 Kernel Density와 Quantile Function을 이용하여 산정하였고, 최근 10일 평균수위를 현재의 수위로 설정하여 가뭄의 정도를 분류하였다. 분석된 결과는 관측소를 기점으로 역거리가중법(inverse distance weighting)을 통해 공간 분포를 시켰으며, 수문학적, 지질학적 동질성을 반영하기 위하여 유역도 및 수문지질도를 중첩한 공간연산을 통해 전국 지하수 가뭄상태를 나타내는 지하수위 등급분포도를 작성하였다. 실제 가뭄상황과의 상관성을 분석하기 위해 언론기사를 통해 확인된 가뭄시기와 백문위수 25%이하로 분석된 지하수 가뭄시기를 ROC(receiver operation characteristics) 분석을 통해 비교 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

When choosing the support pattern of tunnel, the characteristics of rock are identified from the result of the surface geologic survey, boring, and geophysical prospecting and laboratory test. And a rock mass rating is classified and excavation method and standard support pattern are designed considering rock classification, domestic and international construction practices, numerical analysis. According to the revised design standard for tunnel, it was recommended to classify the rock mass rating for the design of tunnel into a rating based on RMR. If necessary, it proposed a flexible standard allowed applying more atomized the rock mass rating and Q-System. Also, the resonable verification of the support pattern must be accompanied because the factors affecting the structure and behavior of ground during the construction of tunnel are the main factors of uncertainty factors such as the nature of ground, ground water and the characteristics of structural materials. These days, such verification method is getting more specialized and diversified. In this study, the empirical method, numerical analysis and comparative analysis of in situ measurements were used to prove the reasonableness in the support pattern by RMR and Q-value on the Imha Dam emergency spillway.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2022

Purpose: For smooth performance of flood analysis due to heavy rain disasters at energy storage facilities in the Incheon area, field surveys, observational surveys, and pre-established reports and drawings were analyzed. Through the field survey, the characteristics of pipelines and rivers that have not been identified so far were investigated, and based on this, the input data of the SWMM model selected for inundation analysis was constructed. Method: In order to determine the critical duration through the probability flood analysis according to the calculation of the probability rainfall intensity by recurrence period and duration, it is necessary to calculate the probability rainfall intensity for an arbitrary duration by frequency, so the research results of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs were utilized. Result: Based on this, the probability of rainfall by frequency and duration was extracted, the critical duration was determined through flood analysis, and the rainfall amount suggested in the disaster prevention performance target was applied to enable site safety review. Conclusion: The critical duration of the base was found to be a relatively short duration of 30 minutes due to the very gentle slope of the watershed. In general, if the critical duration is less than 30 minutes, even if flooding occurs, the scale of inundation is not large.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.3 no.3 s.10
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• pp.151-163
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• 2003

In this study, the algorithm of groundwater flow process was established for koreanized groundwater program development dealing with the geographic and geologic conditions of the aquifer have dynamic behaviour in groundwater flow system. All the input data settings of the 3-DFM model which is developed in this study are organized in Korean, and the model contains help function for each input data. Thus, it is designed to get detailed information about each input parameter when the mouse pointer is placed on the corresponding input parameter. This model also is designed to easily specify the geologic boundary condition for each stratum or initial head data in the work sheet. In addition, this model is designed to display boxes for input parameter writing for each analysis condition so that the setting for each parameter is not so complicated as existing MODFLOW is when steady and unsteady flow analysis are performed as well as the analysis for the characteristics of each stratum. Descriptions for input data are displayed on the right side of the window while the analysis results are displayed on the left side as well as the TXT file for this results is available to see. The model developed in this study is a numerical model using finite differential method, and the applicability of the model was examined by comparing and analyzing observed and simulated groundwater heads computed by the application of real recharge amount and the estimation of parameters. The 3-DFM model is applied in this study to Sehwa-ri, and Songdang-ri area, Jeju, Korea for analysis of groundwater flow system according to pumping, and obtained the results that the observed and computed groundwater head were almost in accordance with each other showing the range of 0.03 - 0.07 error percent. It is analyzed that the groundwater flow distributed evenly from Nopen-orum and Munseogi-orum to Wolang-bong, Yongnuni-orum, and Songja-bong through the computation of equipotentials and velocity vector using the analysis result of simulation which was performed before the pumping started in the study area. These analysis results show the accordance with MODFLOW's.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1071-1079
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• 2020

For integrated water management, it is essential to secure basic data such as the amount of agricultural water intake. The river water intake through the intake weir is carried out through the agricultural irrigation canal, and a method for measuring the quantity of water intake is required to suit the characteristics of the measuring points. In this study, the accuracy of the calculated flow data was determined by applying a microwave water surface current meter. The microwave water surface current meter is a method of calculating surface velocity using doppler effect, which is mainly used in high-velocities situations such as flood. Surface velocity is difficult to represent the average velocity of the entire section at low dicharges or high wind speeds, it is considered to be low in continuous utilization throughout the year, and it is necessary to verify whether the measurement using an microwave water surface curren meter is appropriate in agricultural irrigation canal. The data measured with an microwave water surface curren meter were compared with the actual flow data to calculate the intake data in agricultural irrigation canal. In agricultural irrigation canal, the low-level discharge calculated using an microwave water surface current meter at a minimum velocity of about 0.3 m/s and a minimum discharge of about 1.0 m3/s or higher was found to have a high tendency and accuracy compared to the standard discharge, especially when the high discharge was high. Although effective results can be obtained in terms of quantity at low discharge, it is deemed that subsequent studies are needed to calculate the average discharge of the cross section at low discharge, given that the trend of data is unstable. Through this study, it is suggested that it is appropriate to calculate the amount of water intake through the microwave water surface current meter in artificial waterways with a certain discharge or higher, so it is expected to be widely distributed as a method for measuring river water intake.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2004

In recent, the heavy rainfall is frequently occurred and the damage tends to be increased. So, more careful hydrologic analysis is required for the designs of the hydraulic or disaster prevention structures. The time distribution of a rainfall is one of the important factors for the estimation of peak flow in hydrologic and hydraulic designs. This study is to suggest a methodology for the estimation of a rainfall time distribution which can reflect the meteorologic and topographical characteristics of Daejeon area. We collect the 34 years' rainfall data recorded in the range of 1969 to 2002 for Daejeon area and we performed the rainfall analysis with the data in between May and October of each year. According to the Huff method, the collected data corresponds to the first quartile which the rainfall is concentrated in the primary stage but the suggested method shows the different rainfall distribution with the Huff method in time. The reason is that the Huff method determines the quartile in each storm event while the suggested one determines it by estimating the dimensionless distribution of rainfall in duration after the accumulation of rainfall in time. The rainfall distributions estimated by two methodologies were applied to the Gabcheon basin in Daejeon area for the estimation of flood flow. Here we use the SCS method for the effective rainfall and unit hydrograph for the flood discharge. As the results, the peak flow for 24-hour of 100-year frequency was estimated as a $3421.20m^3/sec$ by the Huff method and $3493.38m^3/sec$ by the suggested one. We can see the difference of $72.18m^3/sec$ in between two methods and thus we may carefully determine the rainfall time distribution and compute the effective rainfall for the estimation of the peak flow.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1065-1075
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• 2015

In the estuary where the structure such as river-mouth weir has been installed, the flow is developed very complicatedly due to river water from upstream, tide of the sea and floodgate operation. Especially, if basin outlets more than one exists in one estuary, the boundary conditions will be significantly more complex form. Saemangeum(SMG) project area in Korea is the most typical example. There are Mankyung river and Dongjin river in upstream. The water of them inflows into SMG project area. In the downstream, river flow was drained from inland to sea over the SMG sea dike through the sluice. The connecting channel was located between Mankyung and Dongjin basins. It functions not only as transportation by ship in ordinary period but also as flood sharing by sending flood flow to each other in flood period. Therefore, in order to secure the safety against flood, it is very important to understand the flood sharing capacity for connecting channel. In this study, the flood control effect was analyzed using numerical simulation. Delft3D was used to numerical simulation and simulated period was set up with neap tide, in which the maximum flood stage occurred due to poor drainage. Actually, three connecting channels were designed in land use plan of the SMG Master Plan, but they were simplified to a single channel for conciseness of analysis in this study. According to the results of numerical analysis, the water level difference between two basins was increased and the maximum flood stage at dike sluice was also upraised depending on decrease of conveyance. And the velocity induced by same water level difference was decreased when the conveyance became smaller. In certain conveyance above, there was almost no flood control effect. Therefore, if the results of this study are considered for design of connecting channel, it will be expected to draw the optimal conveyance for minimizing dredging construction cost while maximizing the flood control effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1310-1315
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• 2004

용수수요 추정의 기본은 수도계획에 사용할 수 있는 실사용량에 대한 조사로 이에 대한 자료가 거의 없기 때문에 각 수도사업별로 제시되는 추정방법이 조금씩 상이하며, 추정방법의 진위를 가릴 수 없이 수요추정의 악순환을 초래하고 있는 실정이다. 기존 물사용량 예측은 급수량 기준의 도시 전체에 내한 평균 LPCD를 이용함에 따라 물사용 특성을 충분히 고려찬 수 없어 지역별 실제 물사용량과 큰 오차가 유발되었다. 그러므로 수도계획 및 설계에 사용할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 설계인자를 도출하기가 불가능하여 물수요 관리정책 수립, 수도요금체계 조정 및 누수방지계획 수립 등 경제적인 수도시설의 건설에 애로를 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생활용수 중 가정용수에 대하여 세탁기, 변기, 싱크대 등 수도전에 유량계를 설치 실제 가정에서 사용하고 있는 용도별 사용량을 실측, 파악하였으며, 이로부터 얻은 용도별 사용량에 대한 기간별 소비특성을 분석하였다. 이로부터 생활용수 사용량의 소비패턴 및 시간대별 부하율 산정이 가능하며, 각종 용도별 사용수량의 소비형태를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 또한 가정용수 중 용도별 물 사용비율은 세탁용수, 변기, 주방, 목욕용수의 순으로 나타났으며 주택유형별로는 아파트 연립주택, 다세대 주택, 단독주택의 순으로 단독주택에서의 물사용량이 가장 적게 나타났다. 생활용수 공급량에 내해서는 시간별, 주별, 월별 그리고 계절변동 총량을 파악하였으며 시간대별로는 오후 3시경이 최대 소비량을 보였고, 주별로는 월요일 그리고 월별로는 7월의 용수사용량이 가장 큰 것으로 조사 되었다. 본 연구로부터 도출된 용도별 실측 물사용량 자료 및 분석결과로부터, 지금까지 공급량 기준의 계획수립이 이루어져왔던 파종 수도시설 규모결정시 합리적인 용수수요예측 및 수요관리가 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 용수수요의 과다예측 오해 해소 등 경제적, 과학적 물관리 정책수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 경제적인 방법이 될 수 있다. 하천수 등의 상호 관계 분석을 통해 장기간의 유역 물순환체계 변화를 분석할 수 있었다.골풀과, 닭의장풀과가 각 1종씩으로, 조사지점( I )보다 좀 더 많은 종이 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 어류는 조사지점( I )에서 3회에 걸쳐 총 396개체가 채집되어 3목 8과 21종이었다. 이 중 한국 고유종은 11종이었고, 외래 어종은 검정우럭과 2종이 조사되었으며, Zacco platypus(피라미), Zacco temmincki(갈겨니), Acheilongnathus koreanus(칼납자루), Odontobutis platycephala(동사리), Coreoleuciscus splendidus(쉬리) 순으로 분포하고 있었고, Acheilognathus signifer(묵납자루)는 댐 건설 전에는 많이 분포하였으나 현장조사에서 서식을 확인 할 수 언어 개체수의 큰 감소내지 멸종된 것으로 추정되었다.에서 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 후 1년 내 시행한 심초음파에서 모든 환아에서 단지 경등도 이하의 승모판 폐쇄 부전 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증으로는 유미흉이 한 명에서 있었다. 술 후 10개월째 허혈성 확장성 심근증이 호전되지 않아 Dor 술식을 시행한 후 사망한 예를 제외한 나머지 6명은 특이 증상 없이 정상 생활 중이다 결론: 좌관상동맥 페동맥이상 기시증은 드물기는 하나, 영유아기에 심근경색 및 허혈성 심근증 또는 선천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해방적 행동에 대한 목표를 강조하여 적용할 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.교하여 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 HSP 환자군에서도 $IL1RN^{*}2$ allele 빈도와 carriage rat