• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.263-286
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• 2022

This study acquires NBA statistical information for a total of 32 years from 1990 to 2022 using web crawling, observes variables of interest through exploratory data analysis, and generates related derived variables. Unused variables were removed through a purification process on the input data, and correlation analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were performed on the remaining variables. For the variable of interest, the difference in the mean between the groups that advanced to the playoffs and did not advance to the playoffs was tested, and then to compensate for this, the average difference between the three groups (higher/middle/lower) based on ranking was reconfirmed. Of the input data, only this year's season data was used as a test set, and 5-fold cross-validation was performed by dividing the training set and the validation set for model training. The overfitting problem was solved by comparing the cross-validation result and the final analysis result using the test set to confirm that there was no difference in the performance matrix. Because the quality level of the raw data is high and the statistical assumptions are satisfied, most of the models showed good results despite the small data set. This study not only predicts NBA game results or classifies whether or not to advance to the playoffs using machine learning, but also examines whether the variables of interest are included in the major variables with high importance by understanding the importance of input attribute. Through the visualization of SHAP value, it was possible to overcome the limitation that could not be interpreted only with the result of feature importance, and to compensate for the lack of consistency in the importance calculation in the process of entering/removing variables. It was found that a number of variables related to three points and errors classified as subjects of interest in this study were included in the major variables affecting advancing to the playoffs in the NBA. Although this study is similar in that it includes topics such as match results, playoffs, and championship predictions, which have been dealt with in the existing sports data analysis field, and comparatively analyzed several machine learning models for analysis, there is a difference in that the interest features are set in advance and statistically verified, so that it is compared with the machine learning analysis result. Also, it was differentiated from existing studies by presenting explanatory visualization results using SHAP, one of the XAI models.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from expressed sequence tags (EST) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and identify 9 germplasms from 3 wild species of lettuce and 61 commercial cultivars using the developed EST-SSR markers. A total of 81,330 lettuce ESTs from NCBI databases were used to search for SSR and 4,229 SSR loci were identified. The highest proportion (59.12%, 2500) was represented by trinucleotide, followed by dinucleotide (29.70%, 1256) and hexanucleotide (6.62%, 280) among SSR repeat motifs. Totally 474 EST-SSR primers were developed from EST and a random set of 267 primers was used to assess the genetic diversity among 9 germplasms and 61 cultivars. Out of 267 primers, 47 EST-SSR markers showed polymorphism between 7 cultivars. Twenty-six EST-SSR markers among 47 EST-SSR markers showed high polymorphism, reproducibility, and band clearance. The relationship between 26 markers genotypes and 70 accessions was analyzed. Totally 127 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by 26 EST-SSR markers and two to nine SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 4.88 alleles per locus. Average polymorphism information content was 0.542, ranging from 0.269 to 0.768. Genetic distance of clusters ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 between 70 accessions and dendrogram at a similarity of 0.34 gave 7 main clusters. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed by these 26 EST-SSR markers showed that the 9 germplasms and 61 commercial cultivars were discriminated by marker genotypes. These newly developed EST-SSR markers will be useful for cultivar identification and distinctness, uniformity and stability test of lettuce.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 2003

The study was conducted to isolate and identify highly fibrolytic anaerobic fungi from the guts of a Hanwoo steer and a Korean native goat, and then investigate the characterization of cellulolytic activity of an anaerobic fungus. Twenty-one anaerobic fungal colonies were isolated in the study, in which 16 colonies were isolated from the rumen contents of the Hanwoo steer and 5 colonies from the duodenal fluids of the Korean native goat. Four anaerobic fungi were selected based on higher cellulolytic enzyme activities to identify under a optical microscope. NLRI-M003 and -T004 belong to Neocallimastix genus and NLRI-M014 belongs to Piromyces genus based on the morphology of their thallus, sporangia, rhizoid and the number of flagella. NLRI-M001 appeared to be an unknown strain of anaerobic fungi due to its different morphology from existing types of anaerobic fungi, though the morpholgoy is similar to Orpinomyces sp. Supplementation of 2% anaerobic fungal culture(NLRI-M003) in rumen-mixed microorganisms increased in vitro DM degradability of rice straw and filter paper up to 4 and 11%, respectively, compared with non-supplementation(control). CMCase and xylanase activities in in vitro culture were also higher in 2% fungal supplementation than controls in both rice straw and filter paper substrates.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.693-705
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to develop work-life balance supportive organizational culture scale(WLB supportive organizational culture) and to verify it's validity. We reviewed comprehensive studies about work-life balance and organizational culture as well as scales related to them. We theoretically extracted some important factors of WLB organizational culture from reviews and then made 38 preliminary questions. 773 married workers in their 30s to 50s were responded to a questionnaire consisted of 38 preliminary questions and 9 variables(work-life balance, quality of life, job satisfaction, turnover etc) for criterion related validity verification. As the results of factor analysis such as EFA and CFA, we could confirm five factors including WLB organizational management, WLB supportive supervisors, empathetic communication with coworkers, coworkers' material support to WLB and accessibility to WLB programs. Second, correlation analyses were performed to investigate the validation of this scale. In result, it was revealed that the WLB supportive organizational culture scale was highly correlated with other family supportive organizational culture measures as well as dependent variables such as work-life balance, quality of life, job satisfaction, turnover. We expect this study contribute to improve the quality of studies about work-life balance and organizational culture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.587-595
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate exploring the field application of combined cognitive-motor learning program based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Bartenieff Fundamental program. The combined cognitive-motor learning program(CC) was applied to the 10 MCI elder while 10 elder in occupational therapy(OT) took cognitive learning class. MMSE-K, Time up & go test(TUG), Tandem gait test(TA), GQOL-D were measured and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by Independent & Paired T-test. The results were as follows: Both groups showed similar learning effect in MMSE-K test. However, in TA & GQOL-D test, CC group showed significant learning effect than OT group. From these result, we conclude that combined cognitive-motor learning program is valuable as alternative program for cognitive development and social development as well as physical development of MCI elder.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2009

Yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) has been recognized as healthy food due to its various biological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-constipation, anti-proliferation, anti-mutagenic activity, and decrease of blood glucose and cholesterol level. In this study, the methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared from dried Dioscorea batatas Decne, and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activity were evaluated, respectively. The 66.7% of methanol extract was fractioned into water residue, and most of total-polyphenol/total-flavonoids were found in ethylacetate fraction. This ethylacetate fraction at $500\;{\mu}g/disc$ concentration showed strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, except Staphylococcus aureus. Antifungal activity was not observed in methanol extract and its fractions. But, strong antithrombin activity was found in methanol extract. At 4.8 mg/mL concentration, thrombin time was 99.5 sec, which is coincides with 30% activity of aspirin, a commercial available antithrombosis agent. The ethylacetate fraction showed strong DPPH scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ of $80.5\;{\mu}g/mL$), compared to vitamin C ($IC_{50}$ of $15.2\;{\mu}g/mL$). Also, the ethylacetate fraction showed strong SOD-like activity and reducing power, which are coincide with 43% of vitamin C and 82.7% of butylated hydroxytoluene activity, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1776-1783
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• 2016

Onions cultivated with (SY) or without (SN) sulfur application were stored for up to 36 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ since harvest, after which they were analyzed for chemical composition and antioxidant activity in relation to sulfur (S) application and storage duration. Compared with SN onions, SY onions showed lower moisture and higher protein, soluble solids, and flavonoid contents at the time of harvest, and moisture and protein contents remained the same until 20 weeks of storage. However, soluble solids decreased while antioxidant activities, including flavonoids content, total reducing capacity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, appreciably increased as storage time increased to 20 weeks, which could be attributed to onion respiration and protective response to environmental stresses, respectively. There were abrupt decreases in flavonoid content and SOD-like activity at 36 weeks, presumably due to severe deterioration. Interestingly, all phenomena observed depending on storage time were independent of S application of onions. The results show that the critical factor influencing the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of onions during storage was postharvest storage duration rather than S application during onion cultivation.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.354-368
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the direction of application and quality management plan of science curriculum of elementary and middle school according to the 2009 revised curriculum. In order to do this, nationwide survey was administered. The subject was 126 elementary school teachers and 88 middle school science teachers. It was founded that teachers had negative opinion on the introduction of the grade cluster system. They considered that it was appropriate to link the contents of Science subject with Practical Arts(Technology Home Economics) subject by similar topic. Science classes were implemented without changing the number of class hours in most schools. They recognized the necessity of differentiated instruction in science classes, but they seldom applied the differentiated instruction. And they suggested that the teaching-learning materials, evaluation materials and contents be provided to apply the STEAM. This study designates the following strategic supports for the effective implementation of 2009 revised science curriculum; 1) the science teachers training program to provide useful information for understanding and teaching the 2009 revised science curriculum, 2) the teachers' community in the school, 3) the development and provision of the feasible STEAM plans.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2013

This study was performed to examine the increasing biological activities of both nerve growth factor induction and anti-aging activity of gastrodia (Gastrodia elata) with fermentation process. Antioxidant activities, taken in the fermenting, were investigated to verify utility value of gastrodia for functional food and cosmetics. Fermented gastrodia extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than dried gastrodia extracts. During the routine check of all the practical use potential as functional food, inhibition effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase) was tested among water extracted dried gastrodia (WEDG), water extracted fermented gastrodia (WEFG), 70% ethanol extracted dried gastrodia (EEDG) and 70% ethanol extracted fermented gastrodia (EEFG). DPPH was shown as WEDG = $64.14{\pm}0.89%$, WEFG = $66.21{\pm}1.03%$, EEDG = $82.25{\pm}0.52%$, and EEFG = $82.36{\pm}2.37%$. ABTS was shown as WEDG = $54.15{\pm}1.37%$, WEFG = $60.24{\pm}2.25%$, EEDG = $59.18{\pm}1.86%$, and EEFG = $77.17{\pm}4.23%$. Therefore, ACE activity was dramatically inhibited by EERG while there was no difference of XOase inhibition between EEFG and EERG. Nerve growth factor (NGF) activity was measured and indicated about 40% increased neurite growth effect. To conclude, biologically active compounds of gastrodia were increased by fermentation process. It seems to be that ferment gastrodia enhance the use ranges from functional food to fuctional cosmetics, and to all processing industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2014

We investigated the expression of cucumber genes involved in lipid mobilization and metabolism during cotyledon development to compare gene activity and to study the direction of carbon (acetyl unit) transport between glyoxysomes and mitochondria. The core metabolic pathway involving 10 genes was examined in four intracellular compartments: glyoxysomes (peroxisomes), mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosol. Additionally, we tested the early germination response of dark-grown seedlings and the immediate light response for a further 3 days. According to the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 3-L-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2 (Thio2), isocitrate lyase (ICL), and malate synthase (MS), the genes involved in storage lipid mobilization showed a similar and consistent pattern of gene expression in seedling development. Furthermore, coordinate expression of the A BOUT DE SOUFFLE (BOU) gene with ICL and MS during seedling emergence pointed to a possible secondary route of acetyl unit (acetyl-CoA) transport between peroxisomes and mitochondria in cucumber. The expression of the BOU gene was light dependent, as shown by BOU activity in Arabidopsis, suggesting that the dark condition also results in weak membrane biogenesis. In addition, several genes were active throughout the development of the green cotyledon, even during senescence. In conclusion, this study summarizes oil-seed germination and gene expression during cucumber cotyledon development and proposes an additional route for acetyl unit transport.