• Composites Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2023

선박, 항공기 구조물을 설계할 때 경량화 및 강도를 만족할 수 있도록 설계하는 것은 중요하다. 현재, 경량화와 구조물의 강도를 만족시키기 위한 방법으로 3D 프린트 복합재료를 이용한 위상 최적화에 관련된 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공기 또는 무인기의 부품 중 하나인 조종면에 대한 3D 프린트 복합재료의 적용 가능성을 분석하기 위해 구조해석을 수행했다. 조종면의 내부 위상 형상에 대해 3가지(육각형, 사각형, 삼각형) 형상을 고려하여 굽힘 하중에 대한 조종면의 최적의 위상 형상을 분석하였다. 또한 3D 프린트 복합재료의 4가지 강화재(탄소섬유, 유리섬유, 고강내열유리섬유, 케블라)를 적용했을 때의 조종면의 굽힘 강도를 분석하였다. 3점 굽힘 실험결과와 구조해석 결과를 비교한 결과, 탄소섬유와 케블라로 제작된 육각형의 위상 형상을 갖는 조종면이 우수한 성능을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 조종면에 대해 3D 프린트 복합재를 충분히 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

단백질이 풍부한 소재를 혼합한 강화발효유를 통해 노년층에게 요구되는 단백질과 프로바이오틱스를 공급하고자, 유청단백질과 볶음 콩가루를 혼합하여 발효유를 제조하고, 관능검사, 일반성분 및 유리아미노산 분석, 저장성 검사 등을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 발효유의 제조과정에서 콩가루를 발효 전에 첨가하고, 합성향료는 첨가하지 않으며, 스타터는 액상 타입을 사용하는 것이 높은 기호도를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 유청단백질은 발효 후에 혼합하는 것이 발효유의 겔화를 방지할 수 있었다. 콩가루 첨가량에 따른 관능평가 결과로서, 5% 첨가구에서 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 저장성 평가에서, pH와 산도는 일반발효유와 강화발효유에서 저장기간 4주 동안 큰 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 유산균수는 저장기간 2주부터 차이를 보이기 시작하여, 4주가 경과한 후 log/cfu 값이 일반발효유의 8.34에 비해 콩가루와 유청단백질 첨가 강화발효유에서 8.05로 낮게 나타났으나, 이와는 대조적으로 총균수는 4주가 경과한 후 일반발효유의 3.90보다 강화발효유에서 4.02로 높게 나타났다. 조단백질 함량은 시료 100 g당 강화발효유가 8.77 g으로 대조구인 일반발효유보다 약 3.5배 높았으며, 조지방과 탄수화물 함량은 각각 4.21 g과 10.72 g으로 대조구의 3.92 g과 9.28 g보다 약간 높았다. 식이섬유 함량은 콩가루 첨가의 영향으로 강화발효유에서 1.67 g으로 일반발효유보다 2.7배 높게 나타났다. 유리아미노산 분석결과, 단백질 강화발효유의 아미노산 함량이 일반발효유의 2.6 mg/100 g에 비해 37.9 mg/100 g으로 비약적으로 증가했을 뿐만 아니라, 필수 아미노산 비율도 34.6%에서 56.7%로 높게 분석되어 단백질 강화발효유가 영양적 측면에서 높은 가치를 나타낼 것으로 보인다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2002

Glass fiber reinforced PET matrix composite was manufactured by rapid press consolidation technique as functions of temperature, pressure and time in pre-heating, consolidation and solidification stages. The optimal manufacturing conditions for this composite were discussed based on the void content, tensile, interlaminar shear and impact properties. In addition, the levels of crystallinity with various manufacturing conditions were measured using differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the mechanical properties of this composite material as a function of crystallinity. Among many processing parameters, the mold temperature and the cooling rate after forming were found to be the most critical factors in determining the level of crystallinity and mechanical properties. The level of crystallinity affects the tensile properties to some degree. However, impact properties are affected much more. It also affects the degree of ductility, which determines the impact energy of this material.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish a numerical model of polyurethane foam (PUF) to simulate the dynamic response and strength of membrane-type Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Cargo containment system (CCS) under the impact load. To do this, initially, the visco-plastic behavior of PUF was characterized by testing the response of the PUF to the impact loads with various strain rates as well as PUF densities at room temperature and at cryogenic conditions. A PUF material model was established using the test results of the material and the FE analysis. To verify the validation of the established material model, simulations were performed for experimental applications, e.g., the dry drop test, and the results of FEA were compared to the experimental results. Based on this comparison, it was found that the dynamic response of PUF in dry drop tests, such as the reaction force and fracture behaviors, could be simulated successfully by the material model proposed in this study.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

Approximately 90,000 ships are registered in South Korea, and about 80,000 of these ships are used in domestic shipping. Among these, 84% are small ships, such as a fishing vessels that weigh less than 20 tons and are made mostly of an FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). When this fact is taken into account, the greenhouse gas emissions that are released per ton of a composite vessel are sizeable. In this study, the laminated structures of an FRP fishing vessel, many of which currently are being built in Korea, were analyzed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and international design rules, and the structures of the hulls are lightweight with optimum glass fiber mass content as determined by the laminate weight minimization algorithm. As a result, it was confirmed that the laminations of the vessels in accordance with the Korean rule could have 6.4% to approximately 11% more design margin compared to the requirements of ISO and other international rules. And the case study of the application of the laminate weight minimization algorithm showed the possibility of reducing the weight of the hull bottom plating by as much as about 19.32% and by as much as about 18.06% in the overall structure.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2014

Glass-reinforced polyurethane foam (R-PUF) is widely used as the primary and secondary insulation of Mark-III type liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargo system. And, polyurethane foam (PUF) and polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) are often used for insulation of onshore structures or LNG storage and pipeline system. These polymeric foam materials are known for the characteristics that mechanical properties are dependent on strain rate and temperature. In this study, compression tests for R-PUF, PIR, and PUF were carried out for the estimation of mechanical behaviors under the cryogenic environment. The range of thermal condition was from room temperature to 110K and strain rates were $10^{-3}s^{-1}$ and $10^{-4}s^{-1}$. The test results were analyzed based on the conditions of strain-rate and temperature.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.217-220
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• 2003

Due to the lighter weight and the higher freedom of design than metals plastics have been spot lighted in a wide number of applications. In the making plastic parts injection-molding process is one of the most general methods. During the injection molding process, filling-packing-cooling process, plastics have exposed to several external stresses and then plastic parts injected have molding effects which are known as anisotropic properties, orientation, and residual stress. Those molding effects are often shown as unexpected phenomena which are warpage, strength decrease, stiffness reduction, etc. In case of glass fiber filed plastics these effects are more significant than the ufilled ones. Therefore the molding effects have to be considered in the parts design using glass fiber reinforced plastics. We have developed the interface program in order to consider the molding effects in structural analyses of plastic parts using Heirarchical structural searching and layer handling in direction of thickness algorithm. The advantages of this program are the freedom of FE mesh between molding and structural analysis, the variable layer to the thickness direction of parts and the conveniences of data transferring and checking

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.383-386
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• 2005

Low frequency heavy-weight impact noise is the most irritating noise in Korean high-rise reinforced concrete apartment buildings. This low frequency noise is generated by foot traffic due to the fact that Koreans do not wear shoes at home. The transmission of the noise is facilitated by a load bearing wall structural system without beams and columns which is used in these buildings. In order to control low frequency heavy-weight impact noise, floating floors using isolation materials such as glass-wool mat and poly-urethane mat are used. However, it was difficult to control low frequency heavy-weight impact sound using isolation material. In this study, reinforcement of concrete slab using beams and plate was conducted. Using the FEM analysis, the effect of concrete slab reinforcement using FRP(fiber-glass reinforced plastic) on the bang machine impact vibration acceleration level and sound were conducted at the standard floor impact sound test building. The $3{\sim}4dB$ floor impact vibration acceleration level and impact sound pressure level were reduced and the natural frequency of slabs were changed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.846-851
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is that investigates the dynamic behavior characteristic of W.T.S(Wind turbine System) and carries out the evaluation analysis during operating W.T.S. To investigate the dynamic behavior characteristic of W.T.S, the experiments to measure vibration of the blade from the attached accelerometer on the flap and edge section of the blade that is one of the most important elements of dynamic characteristic of W.T.S are performed. Natural frequency and mode shape are calculated with commercial program (ANSYS) using the measured vibration acceleration that receives the signal with F.F.T Analyzer from the accelerometer. For validation of these experiments, the finite element analysis is performed with commercial F.E.M program (ANSYS) on the basis of the natural frequency and mode shape. The results indicate that experimental values have good agreements with the finite element analysis.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2015

Self-piercing rivet(SPR) is mechanical joining methods and which can be joining dissimilar materials. Unlike conventional riveting, SPR also needs no pre-drilled holes. During plastically deformation, SPR pierces upper sheet and joins it to under sheet. SPR has been mainly applied to the joining the automobile body and some materials, such as glass fiber reinforced polymer and aluminum alloy, which represent the sheet-formed materials for lightweight automobile. Glass fiber reinforced plastic(GFRP) has been considered as a partial application of the automobile body which is lighter than steels and stronger than aluminium alloys. It is needed SPR to join Al alloy sheets and GFRP ones. In this paper, in order to design the rivet and anvil, which are suitable for GFRP, the joinability was examined through simulations of SPR joining between GFRP and Al alloy sheets. For this study, AutoCAD was used for the modeling and the simulated using commercial FEM code DEFORM-2D. The simulated results for SPR process joining between GFRP and Al alloys were confirmed by the same conditions as experimental trials.