• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the major domestic and foreign regulations related to the production of organic products. The production and consumption of organic products have been expanding due to the increase in consumer demand for safe food, as well as improved certification procedures and industry trends. In case of organic mushrooms, there were 405 certified farms nationwide in 2021, with a cultivation area of 3,886,628 m² and a planned production of 6,011 tons. Jeollanam-do has 221 farms, a cultivation area of 2,923,402 m², and a certification plan for 2,132 tons. Shiitake mushrooms are ranked first with 369 farms, a cultivation area of 3,805,636 m², and a certification plan for 3,576 tons, representing 91% of the farms, 98% of the cultivation area, and 60% of the certification planning.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.773-788
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the damage patterns, the occurrence and migration time of Pseudococcus comstocki and in order to improve the control effect of organic agricultural materials (OAMs). The experiment was carried out at Okcheon's organic vineyard ($2,500m^2$, sandy loam, manure) where planted 8~9 year old 'Muscat of Alexandria' vines. The comstock mealybug's migration to grape clusters occurred from the middle of July, and produced eggs in the grape clusters from the end of July, and the density of the comstock mealybug was highest at $0.6cm^2$ in late August. The number and fruit damage of comstock mealybug in eco-friendly vineyards were higher than in conventional culture vineyard. And the marketability of green variety grape was more damaged from comstock mealybug than the black variety grape. Toxicities of 8 OAMs were evaluated to comstock mealybug at the recommended concentration. As a results, Lightyellow sophora and Derris extracts exhibited strong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality. When the Lightyellow sophora extract was uniformly distributed on the vine from early-July to mid-July, fruit damage reduction rate was 96.2% and 84.6%, respectively. So commercial grapes could be harvested. Therefore, it was considered to be effective to reduce fruit damage by controlling in early - late July (the green stage) when the comstock mealybug migrated to grape clusters in the vine greenhouse. In the future, it will be necessary to study the effect of external exposure time and momentum on the control of OAMs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2009

Kiwifruits conventionally grown (CG), grown with low levels of chemicals (LCG), and organically grown (OG), were kept in cold storage for 24 weeks. Firmness gradually decreased with increasing storage time, regardless of cultivation mode, and the rate of softening was slightly higher in OG than in CG or LCG fruit. Neither dry matter level nor sensory values differed with varying types of cultivation. Soluble solid content increased with storage time, whereas acidity decreased in all fruit. Reducing sugar content increased notably until 12 weeks of storage, whereas starch content significantly decreased. The rate of OG fruit decay abruptly increased mid-storage and reached 35% 24 weeks after storage. Most fruit decayed due to infection with Botritis cinerea, regardless of cultivation type. Respiration and ethylene content peaked at mid-storage and were both slightly higher in OG fruit than in CG or LCG fruit. The shelf life of kiwifruit was reduced in OG fruit by increased fruit decay and softening during storage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.235-250
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• 2020

Agricultural practices are known to have a crucial influence not only on soil physico-chemical properties but also on microbial communities. To investigate the effect of farming practices on soil microbial communities, a total of 10 soil samples were collected, including five conventional and five organic farming soils cultivated with peppers in plastic greenhouse. We conducted barcorded-pyrosequencing of V1-V3 regions of 16S rRNA genes to examine soil microbial communities of two different farming practices. Taxonomic classification of the microbial communities at the phylum level indicated that a total of 22 bacterial phyla were present across all samples. Among them, seven abundant phyla (>3%) including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were found, and Proteobacteria (33.0 ± 5.7%), Actinobacteria (19.9 ± 9.7%), and Firmicutes (13.6 ± 5.0%) comprised more than 66% of the relative abundance of the microbial communities. Organic farming soils showed higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, while Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were more abundant in conventional farming soils. Notably, the genera Bacillus (higher in organic farming soils) and Streptomyces (higher in conventional farming soils) exhibited significant variation in relative abundance between organic and conventional farming soils. Finally, correlation analysis identified significant relationships (p<0.05) between soil chemical properties, in particular, pH and organic matter content and microbial communities. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the changes of soil physico-chemical properties by agricultural farming practices effected significantly (p<0.05) on soil microbial communities.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.255-272
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• 2011

This work studied the growth and yield of green crops, changes of mineral composition in greenhouse soil and green crops, and infection with wintering green crops cultivation in greenhouse field. At 74 days after seeding of wintering green crops, dry matter was 710kg/10a in rye, 530kg/10a in barley, 230kg/10a in hairy vetch, and 240kg/10a in bean or weeds. Total nitrogen content in green crops was 4.5% in pea and hairy vetch, and 3~4% in barley and rye. $P_2O_5$, CaO, and MgO contents in all green crops were about 1.0%, and $K_2O$ content was the highest level by 4~5% among macro elements. Total nitrogen fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 22.1kg/10a in rye, 20.6kg/10a in barley, 10.6kg/10a in hairy vetch, and 9.6kg/10a in pea and giant chickweed. $P_2O_5$ fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 8.4kg/10a in rye, 6.3kg/10a in barley, and 2.3 kg/10a in hairy vetch and pea. $K_2O$ fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 28kg/10a in rye, 24.7kg/10a in barley, and 11kg/10a in hairy vetch and pea. CaO fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 2~3kg/ 10a in all green crops, and MgO fixing content was 1.7~2.6kg/10a in all green crops. Pepper growth in no-tillage was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. The number of fruit and fruit weight were higher in control, pea, hairy vetch and harvest barley than rye and barley. Soil mineral compositions in wintering green crops increased at pH, organic matter, CEC compared with control. Soil chemical compositions were stable level at green crops cultivation according as decreases of EC, available phosphoric acid, Ca, and Mg contents. After no-tillage by green manure crops, pH in soils was higher in green manure crops than control. EC content in soils was lower in green manure crops than control, and was remarkably low level in barley harvest. Organic matter content in soils increased in hairy vetch and barley green manure but decreased by 35% in barley harvest. Total nitrogen and avaliable $P_2O_4$ content in soils remarkably increased but was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. Cation (K, Ca, and Mg) content in soils decreased by 15~20% in K, 2~11% in Ca, and 3~6% in Mg at rye, barley and pea compared with control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the production efficiency of organic roughage for organic animal husbandry. Field experiment was conducted during 2000-2002 at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon. Different set of production system tested such as: standard system(applied chemical fertilization), integrated system(50% reduced chemical fertilization and applied 50% organic fertilization) and organic system(applied only organic fertilization). The results were as fellows : ｏ Average dry matter yield of standard production was higher than that of organic production system by 14%. The increment was slight compare to the forage corps. ｏ There was no significant difference in Nutritive value and the percentage of grasses coverage affected by production system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of green manure crop on growth characteristics and saponin contents of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots for organic farming. Rye, hairy vetch and rye+hairy vetch were cultivated as green manure crops with several different methods before transplanting P. grandiflorum Radix. In root width and number of fine-roots, when the highest scores (23.9 mm, 25.7) was recorded in rye pre-cultibated plot in $2^{nd}$ year cultivation. Fresh weight of the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix root was no significant difference among the different green manure crop treatments, but fresh weights of the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix root of all green manure crop treatments were higher than that of control. The total content of saponin was highest detected in Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots of the hairy vetch plot (1,106 mg/100 g) and rye plot (1,693 mg/100 g) in $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ year cultivation, respectively. Therefore, we confirmed that precultivation of the green manure crops showed significant differences in the growth characteristics and saponin contents of the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix root, and growth and saponin contents in the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix root of rye precultivated plot was much higher in $2^{nd}$ year cultivation than $1^{st}$ year cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.27-39
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.411-422
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• 2012

To investigate the possibility of sustainable agriculture in no-tillage pepper this study was carried out in vinyl greenhouse with organic cultivation having no pesticide certification. 1. Growth and yield in pepper cultivation General growth in pepper was suppressed with decreasing hill spacing, primary branch length, and stem width. Fruit diameter and fruit weight in no-tillage increased significantly, and yield of pepper increased by 10% compared with conventional tillage. From results organic cultivation in no-tillage improved a quality of pepper compared with conventional tillage. 2. Production cost of conventional tillage and no-tillage Production cost of conventional tillage and no-tillage was not different in seed cost, inorganic fertilizer cost, pesticide cost, repair cost, light agricultural tool cost, agriculture facilities depreciation cost and so on. Intermediary goods cost in no-tillage was decreased by 11% for organic fertilizer cost, light and heat expenses and power rate, heavy agricultural tool cost, and repairing expenses compare with conventional tillage. Employment effort cost and work effort cost were decreased, and farm income and farm income rate were increased by 11% and 5%, respectively, in no-tillage. In this work, yield and gross income were increased by 10% and 25%, respectively, in no-tillage. Therefore material cost, intermediary goods cost, working expensive, farm income, and income rate were increased by 34%, 3%, 2%, 52% and 22%, respectively.