• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic fertilizers on the growth characteristics, root yield and the levels of the efficacious constitutents saikosaponins in Bupleurum falcatum L. in the field of Chonnam RDA. Naju, 1994. Five organic fertilizers were used ; rice straw manure(RSM), rice straw(byproduct of mushroom)manure[RS(BM)M], pig-dropping sawdust manure(PSM),poultry manure(PM)and sawdust(byproduct of mushroom) manure[S(BM)M]. The results were summarized as follows ; The chemical properties, such as organic matter, available phosphate, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO of soil were increased on all plots with the addition of organic fertilizers, specifically in PM+RS(BM)M application. PM+RS(BM)M treatment was higher in emergence rate and better in the growth charaters of shoot, root parts of plants than those of conventional fertilization and the highest dried root yield resulted from using 39% PM+RS(BM)M treatment. Thus, the organic constituents of the plant leaves were affected in the same ways by all treatments, but the T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO and MgO contents of the roots were highly increased in PM+RS(BM)M treatment, also the total saikosaponin levels in the roots increased with different organic fertilizers in the following order : 1.70% in PM+RS(BM) treatment, 1.66% in RS(BM) treatment, and 1.57% in RSM+N-P-K treatment. There were significant positive correlation observed between the growth characters of shoot, root parts of plants, yield and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, total-saikosaponin in B. falcatum roots.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.24-25
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• 2014

모든 작물의 생육에는 양분관리가 필수적으로 유기농에서도 중요하기는 마찬가지이다. 유기농업에서 양분관리는 녹비와 퇴비를 공급하는 것을 기본으로 하며 양분이 부족한 경우 다양한 유기물을 이용하여 농가에서 액비를 자가 제조하여 사용하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1998

Mixtures of hog manure slurry and sawdust were composted by an intermittent aeration method to verify the performance evaluation of pilot-scale reactor vessels during composting high rate (decomposition) process. Instrumentation was designed to measure temperatures in compost, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, air flow rates, and ammonia gas emitted. It was found that ammonia concentration during composting high rate decreased more quickly to the allowable range of 34-40 ppm after 14days at near the optimal levels (II) than in the case of lower levels (I). The influence of the optimal levels (II) such as moisture content (55-65%), C/N ratio (20-40), pH (7-8) and temperature in compost (<$60^{\circ}C$) on the reduction of ammonia gas was considerable for commercial composting.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate evaporation rate of moisture per surface area and degradation rate of organic matter in full scale escalator reversing composting facility were analyzed to develope a computer program for the computation of an optimum volume of composting facility according to handling methods of swine farm, moisture levels of manure, degradation rate of organics and evaporation rate of moisture during composting. The obtained results can be followed as bellow; The temperature in full scale escalator reversing composting facility during composting reached $70^{\circ}C$ in 4 days and maintained until 11 days. Reduction rate of moisture and density was average 1.20% and 29.7%, respectively. Annual degradation rate of organic matter was 3.53%, showing lowest rate in winter as 3.23%. These seasonal degradation rate could be a factor to be considered for proper management and installation of composting facility. When computed with the amount of feces, urine, slurry and manure plus wastewater produced, the optimum volumes of composting facility for slurry and manure plus wastewater including each 95% moisture was $229m^3$ and $277m^3$, respectively, showing 21% ($48m^3$) difference.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

The expriment was carried out to clarify the fertilizer efficiency of a garbage-based compost in cultivation of leaf vegitables. 1. Only application of 8 tons per 10 of the compost did not have any growth injury to "Osaka-shirona" (a cultivar of Brassica pekinensis L.) in a pot experiment 2. In four continuous cropping with application of 3 tons per 10 a of the compost before every seeding, "Osaka-shirona" grew satisfactorily. 3. Osaka-shirona, spinich and garland chrysanthemum were cultivated under a plastic house applied with 2 tons per a of each of the garbage-based compost and cattle manure, delayed release fertilizer and bark compost on the market. There was no difference of the vegetable yields among the applied field, as well as of the contents of ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, Ca and Fe.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

The changes of soil physico-chemical properties were investigated in the sandy loam soil amended with various application rates of chicken and pig manure composts. After repeated application of the composts for 3 years, total nitrogen content in soil treated with applied 120Mg/ha of chicken and pig manure composts was 2.1 g/kg equally. Organic matter content was 38.8 and 39.1 g/kg, available phosphate content was 602 and 585 mg/kg, and cation exchange capacity(CEC) was 10.1 and 12.4 cmol/kg in chicken and pig manure compost 120 Mg/ha treatment, respectively. Exchangeable K, Ca, Na, Mg contents, and electrical conductivity(EC) increased with the amount of applied compost. Also, with increased amount of applied compost, porosity of soil increased, but hardness, bulk density and Y value decreased.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 1997

The food waste composting facility of 10 ton/d capacity at Nanjido has been operated successfully since July, 1996. This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of food waste quality, and variation of physicochemical characteristics of feed materials during composting. Food waste with 79% moisture content was used as a substrate. Wood chip was used as a bulking agent. Monitoring results based on VS, TOC, C/N ratio and gas composition indicated that the facility was operated normally under aerobic conditions. Conductivity values during food waste composting were increased. A highly positive correlation (r=1.00) existed between VS and TOC.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

1.퇴비 온도의 상승에 비례하여 폐사계 체내의 온도도 상승하여 퇴적식 퇴비단의 경우 $55^{\circ}C$내외의 고온지속기간이 약 30일정도 유지되었다. 반면에 토양 중에 매립된 폐사계의 체내 온도는 발효 전 기간 동안 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 상승하지 못한 채 주변토양 온도와 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 토양온도는 외기온의 변화에 즉각적인 반응을 보이지 않았다. 2. 시험용 발효조 내에서의 송풍여부에 따른 퇴비의 발효온도 변화추이는 송풍 처리구에서는 퇴비화 3일째에 최고온도 $68^{\circ}C$를 기록한 반면에 무송풍구에서는 퇴비화 5일째에 최고온도 $72^{\circ}C$를 기록하였다. 3. 퇴비단 표층에서 채취된 시료에서 검출된 $H_2S$와 $CH_3$SH 농도는 송풍 처리구에 있어서는 퇴비화 개시 후 20일 경과 후 각 각 28.5, 16.0 ppb 수준을 나타냈고 35일 경과 시에는 각각 57.7, 11.7 ppb, $CH_3SH$의 경우에는 23.7, 9.9 ppb 수준의 발생량을 기록하는 등 전반적으로 송풍처리구가 무송풍 처리구에 비해 악취가스의 발생량이 상대적으로 낮았다. 4. 폐사계를 밀폐용기 내에서 발표 시 수거된 침출수 중의 미생물 수가 토양매립 상태 하에서 수거된 침출수 중의 미생물 수보다 더 적은 경향을 보이고 있다. 5. 퇴비단 내에서 발효에 따른 폐사계 중량은 최초 3일간에 급격히 감소하고 시간의 경과에 따라 그 감소속도는 줄어든다. 발효온도가 높을수록 조직의 분해속도가 빨라지고 폐사계의 중량감소 속도도 빨라졌다. 6. 일반 퇴비와 폐사계를 발효시킨 퇴비 사이에 비료성분과 중금속 함량의 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

Soil microbial activity and diversity are affected by organic sources applied to improve soil quality and fluctuate seasonally. We investigated the effects of municipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops of spring oats and red clover (RC) on soil enzyme activities, and soil bacterial community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) in a Mexico silt loam in North Central Missouri, USA. Temporal patterns of these parameters were observed by periodic five soil sampling from spring to fall over a two year period. MC increased soil dehydrogenase (DH) activity consistently beginning about three months after MC application; fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity significantly began to increase by the September of the first year but fluctuated during the following period. DH activity responded more directly to the amount or properties of organic residues in soils while FDA hydrolysis and CLPP were generally influenced by composition of organic sources, and enzyme activities and CLPP showed seasonal variation, which depended on organic sources and soil moisture. MC and cover crops may be useful organic sources for enhancing general soil microbial activity and altering soil microbial diversity, respectively. Because microbial activities and diversity are dynamic and subject to seasonal changes, the effects of organic amendments on these parameters should be investigated frequently during a growing season.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1992

Results as follows are obtained from the pot experiment to examine effect of application of organic substances on inhibition of occurrence of root rot of red pepper. 1. As for effects of applicating organic materials on inhibition of red pepper root rot, it is more effective to apply in autumn than to apply in summer, when the temperature is high. In addition, organic substance which is not decomposed completely such as rice straw is more effective than matured compost types. As for effects of applicating organic substances on composition of soil microorganisms, increase of fungi and bacteria in view of numbers is remarkable, especially in case of applying rice straw. 2. From the examination of Phytophthora capsici in soil at the 1st cultivation period in autumn, no P. capsici can be isolated in early stage of growth of red pepper in nontreated soil and in soil applied compost. However, as the time goes on, P. capsici are detected. While in early stage of cultivation, P. capsici are detected in soil applied with rice straw, P. capsici are not isolated after middle stage of cultivation. 3. It is recognized that there are many differences according to the types of organic materials applied in the result of identification of fungi in each treatment. And, proportion of antagonistic fungi to total fungi in soil applied rice straw is proved to be significantly higher compared to other treatments.