• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1986

Experiments were conducted to know the inorganic compound absorption of leaf, and the organic component, oil content, fatty acid composition of seeds by different fertilizer levels and growth stage of Pungn-yeonggage. Ripening rate and seed yield were highest under the standard of nitrogen fertilizer level. Nitrogen and potassium amount of leaves were highest at 20 days after seedlings, but there was no difference in phosphate between growth stages. Absorptions of nitrogen and potassium were increased by applying double amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Oleic fatty acid content was found highest under the double amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer level, and linoleic fatty acid content was increased with double amount of phosphate fertilizer level.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Purpose: Lactate has two optical isomers, L-lactate and D-lactate. In human L-lactate is the most abundant enantiomer of lactate. As plasma and urinary levels of L-lactate is associated with inherited metabolic disorders in general, D-lactate have been linked to the presence of diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Previously developed techniques have shown several limitations to further evaluate D-lactate as a biomarker for this condition. In this paper, we describe a highly sensitive, specific and fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of D-, L-lactate in urine. Methods: D- and L-lactate were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with labelled internal standard. Samples were derivatized with (+)-O,O'-diacety-L-tartaric anhydride (DATAN) and seperated on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column. Results: Quantitative analysis of D-, and L-lactate was achieved successfully. Calibration curves were linear (r>0.999) over $0.5-100{\mu}g/mL$. Stabilities for samples were within the 10% varation. Inter- and Intra-day assay variations were below 10%. Conclusion: The presented method proved to be suitable for the quantitation of D- and L-lactate and opens the possibility to explore the use of D-lactate as a biomarker.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.162-168
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• 2000

Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS) is the most common disease in the western male, and it is founded in $70{\sim}80%$ patient who has Gastrointestinal trouble. It is characterized by the formation of disorders of Gastrointestinal tract, for example, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain& discomfort, stool urgency, and so on. The etiology of IBS is uncertain, but the majority of patients has emotional problems. The aims of this study are to investigate and summarize the current trends of treatment for IBS so as to suggest the effective and available way to treat this disease. In Oriental Medicine, the IBS is recognized as Stagnation of the Iiver-qi(肝氣鬱結), Incoordination between the liver and the stomach(肝胃不和). So the point of treatment of IBS is Invigorating the spleen and relieving the depression of Iiver-qi(疏肝健脾), Regulating the function of the liver and the flow of qi(調肝理氣), Regulating the stomach and lowering the adverse flow(和胃降逆), and the treatment can be approached in several ways through herb drugs, acupuncture. Some of the herb drugs have substances which promote gastric and small intestinal emptying. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies stimulate the meridian points of LR(足厥陰肝經), ST(足陽明胃經), LI(手陽明腸經), SI(手太陽小腸經) and is reported to be effective for releafing syndromes. Anal therapy, attachment of herb drug to umbilicus are annunced as the effective treatments. So, this study of the approach and application of these treatments on IBS would be necessary.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2003

Juvenile polyposis is an uncommon condition characterized by the development of multiple juvenile polyps predominantly in the colon but also in the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with juvenile polyposis commonly present with rectal bleeding, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, prolapse of the polyp. We experienced a juvenile polyposis in a 7 year-old male patient with protein losing enteropathy who was diagnosed by $^{99M}Tc$-human serum albumin abdominal scintigraphy, colonoscopy, and small bowel series. Proctocolectomy with ileostomy was performed and then protein losing enteropathy was resolved.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Nontyphoidal Salmonella are gram negative bacilli organism, which may induce systemic infection such as febrile enteritis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis. Main route of infection is known as food but also possible through reptile, amphibian, and fish raised as pets in the house. There is no known cases report of Salmonella infection through pets in Korea and also rare in the overseas. We report 2 patients who visited Severance children's hospital with chief complaint of fever and diagnosed as nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Each case had a history of raising turtle or tropical fish with possibility of Salmonella infection through these pets. Increasing incidence of raising pet reptile and fish lately, contact precaution and proper prevention and control of Salmonella infection of these pets especially in children under 5 years old are necessary due to higher risk of serious complications of salmonellosis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was conducted to study whether the specific location of pelvic-bone fractures could increase the risk for injury to the urinary bladder, urethra, or lower gastrointestinal tract. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 234 patients with pelvic-bone fractures who visited the emergency department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2006. The location of the pelvic-bone fracture was divided into 8 parts. The association of fracture location with injury to the urinary bladder, urethra, or lower gastrointestinal tract was analyzed with Fisher' s-exact test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Nineteen(19) patients had urinary bladder injury, 8 had urethral injury, and 9 had lower gastrointestinal tract injury. The following fracture locations were found to be significant; urinary bladder: sacroiliac (SI) joint (p<0.001), symphysis pubis (p=0.011), and sacrum (p=0.005); urethra: SI joint (p=0.020); lower gastrointestinal tract: symphysis pubis (p=0.028). After the multiple logistic regression analysis, the primary and the independent predictors for each of the injuries were as follows; urinary bladder: sacroiliac joint (p=0.000, odds ratio [OR]=10.469); lower gastrointestinal tract: symphysis pubis (p=0.037, OR=7.009). Conclusion: Consideration of further workup for injuries to the lower gastrointestinal and urinary tract is needed for some locations of pelvic-bone fractures because certain pelvic-bone fracture locations, especially the sacroiliac joint and the symphysis pubis, are associated with increased risk for injury to the lower gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate protective effects against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in piglets by administration of the TGEV antiserum orally at 2hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. Five piglets administered with the TGEV antiserum were experimentally challenged with TGEV at four-day-old. Control group was four piglets challenged with TGEV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were examined. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group recovered progressively. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but TGEV antiserum adminstered group showed 20.0 %, respectively. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, contaning curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But gross findings of piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group appeared milder than them of control group. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But histopathological findings of piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group appeared milder than them of control group. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group showed more intensive in reaction for IgA and IgG than them of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of TGEV antiserum to piglets was effective to prevent TGEV infection and reduce their mortality.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.614-628
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• 1998

The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on blood concentration of endocrine substances were investigated in 6 horses. Three acupuncture points ; Guan Yuan Shu(BL-26), Wei Shu(BL-21) and Da Chang Shu(BL-25) were stimulated for 20 minutes by EA at separate occasions under varying condition ; 2V-1Hz, 2V-5Hz, 2V-30Hz, 4V-1Hz, 4V-5Hz and 4V-30Hz. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and serum levels of gastrin were analysed. Blood samplings were carried out before, 0, 20 and 40 minutes after the EA stimulation. The serum gastrin levels were increased by 2V-5Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu. Plasma ACTH levels were decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were slightly increased or decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were not so much changed by 2V-1Hz or 5Hz stimulation, but tended to increase by 4V-30Hz stimulation on Guan Yuan Shu. These results suggest that the low voltage-low frequence EA stimulation increased blood concentration of gastrin, but decreased ACTH, ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, whereas high voltage-high frequence EA stimulation induced opposite results. Accordingly, there appears to be a close relationship between the changes of gastrointestinal motility and the changes of blood concentration of endocrine substances by EA stimulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.340-343
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• 2010

Gastropleural fistula is a rare complication of prior lung surgery, gastric ulcer, trauma and malignancy. A 62 year old female patient who had received surgical repair of a perforated gastric wall 10 years prior, underwent open pleural decortication. At 4 days after surgery, food residuums were noticed at the chest bottles. Hence, an emergency esophagogram was done. The esophagogram revealed a gastropleural fistula. The patient received a total gastrectomy, intra-abdominal diaphragmatic repair and massive thoracic saline irrigation through a previous thoracic wound. The patient was discharged 11 days after surgery without other morbidity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1997

Endoscopic diagnosis and medical management from K43 and C45 patients, whose sex, occupation, character and life patterns are quite different each other, were discussed. The K43 was patient with erosive gastritis, which may caused by maldietary habits and life stresses. Although the effective drugs such as H2-receptor antagonists with atacids, H+/K+-pump inhibitors, prokinetics, colloidal bismuth, and sucralfates, were administrated for long time, symptomatic relief of abdominal pain was not improved. The tests of clinical phathology and abdominal sonogram were normal, visceral hypersensitivity was appeared from barostat test of stomach. However C45 had taken headache during every day life, and endoscopically confirmed as a gastric·duodenal ulcer patiant, which may caused by chronic use of NSAIDs. The her ulceric symptoms were suppressed from active stage to healing stage by using combination therapy for H. pylori with traditional antipeptic ulcer drugs, where as amitriptyline was administrated to the K43 but not effective. Nonulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome is pooly defined, and affect about 15% of the population annually in U. S. A. but don't seek medical care. Author would like to point out that statistics for visceral pains are absent in Korea.