• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.141-162
• /
• 2017

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis introduced a system for easy layoffs. With recent economic downturn, employees have been asked to retire early and less new jobs have become available. More small businesses as a result have been started. The purpose of this research is to study weight and ranking on SWOT factors of korea food service franchise industry using the SWOT analysis. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) were used to analyze the SWOT found by the surveys. First, the SWOT analysis shows that the franchise owners and the expert group view the industry positively overall and there are more strengths, opportunities than weaknesses, threats. While there are negatives and threats to the industry overall, many people think that there are more opportunities and positive aspects. Second, the franchise owners rank proven business model and platform (S3) as the strongest strength of food service franchise businesses while the expert group ranks management supports (S2) from headquarters as the strongest strength. Third, the expert group and franchise owner group indicate that the weight on unfair franchise contracts with headquarters(W3) and high penalty from breaking a franchise agreement(W4) are 60% of weaknesses. Fourth, both the expert group and franchise owner group indicate that change in people's lifestyle, value system and consumption pattern(O3) as the most important opportunity. Fifth, both groups indicate that changes in consumption pattern(T1) due to ever changing food service industry as the biggest threat. It is ranked higher than the entry of korea food service franchises.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.37
• /
• pp.325-354
• /
• 2013

The concept of national security and the fundamental system for crisis management have departed from traditional methods and the importance of a national critical infrastructure crisis management has been emphasized. A national critical infrastructure crisis means a situation where human resource, material and functional system that may have a material effect on the critical functions of the government, the vitality and integrity of society, national economy and the safety of the public becomes disabled due to causes such as terrorism or major disasters. Although North Korea had been subject to numerous rounds of negotiations and sanctions as it continually developed nuclear weapons since the 1960s, it has also showed off its nuclear armaments through successful nuclear testings and missile launches. As the development and threat of North Korea's weapons of mass destruction becomes more noticeable and the range of its risk expands, this study focuses on the potential for an absence of leadership for national crisis management where the country's leadership, which should serve the critical role and function of handling national crises, becomes completely destroyed by the unexpected initial attacks by North Korea. As a result, the purpose of this study is to propose safety measures for the country's leadership in preparation for North Korea's threat of nuclear weapons by examining the concept and degree of risk of weapons of mass destruction with a focus on nuclear weapons, analyzing the substance of the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons and evaluating such threat. In conclusion, first, to ensure the normal functioning of a national crisis management system in the event of a national crisis, we must seek safety measures that conform to the scope and succession order of the leadership of the national crisis management for an Enduring Constitutional Government (ECG) and the Continuity Of Operations (COOP). Second, in the event of a national ceremony, the gathering of the country's leadership all together in an open place should be avoided. In unavoidable circumstances, the next in rank that will act on behalf of the current leader should be designated and relevant safety measures should be taken. Third, during time of peace, in preparation for national crises, the scope of protection for the country's leadership should be prescribed and specific security and safety measures should be implemented. Fourth, the succession order for acting president in the case of the death of the president pursuant to Articles 71 and 26(1) of the National Government Organization Act should reconsidered to see whether it is a reasonable provision that takes into consideration a national crisis management that corresponds to the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. Pursuant to the Basic Guidelines for National Crisis Management set out under Presidential Directive No. 229, the Korean government is currently operating a case-by-case "crisis management standard manual" and its sub-manuals and has also prepared the Presidential Security Service's security and safety measure regulations regarding the acting president. Therefore, the Korean government should actualize the above points in the case-by-case crisis management standard manual and security and safety measure regulations regarding the acting president to implement and legislate them.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.54
• /
• pp.149-179
• /
• 2018

October 31, 2017, a man named Saipov who follows ISIS killed 8 people and injured nearly 20 others by driving his truck to the riverside bicycle path in Manhattan, New York, in an act of terror. June 5, 2017, the Islamic extremist Yacqub Khayre held a woman hostage in a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, before being killed by the police. Various countries around the world including the UK, France, and Germany are in war against terrorism. The terrorists change their target from hard targets such as government officials to vulnerable soft target, intensifying the public's fear, and, unlike in the past when they were organized by governments or organizations, extremists such as ISIS followers are now acting on their own in the act of terrorism. Also, as they use vehicles, pressure cooker, and other objects that can be easily found for terrorism, it is becoming more difficult for the police to prepare against terrorist attacks. Meanwhile, some terrorism researchers argue that conversational techniques (negotiation) used by the police are now of no use, as shown in the cases like 9/11 attacks in 2001 and 2016 Nice attack in France in which the suspects committed terrorist attacks without leaving enough time for the police to take action and that, therefore, tactical suppression techniques need to be developed. Therefore, this study suggested police negotiation techniques are necessary not only for terrorist attacks but also for overall police work, including handling intoxicated people at police station, and proposed ways to activate conversational techniques for police organizations.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.10 s.296
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2003

미 안보지원역사는 좁은 의미로는 무기와 물품의 지원 및 판매 역사이며, 우리 의지와는 상관없이 세계정세 변화에 따라 국익을 극대화할 수 있도록 변화해 있다. 현 부시 행정부의 안보지원정책은 미래를 위한 "능력에 기초한(Capacity Based)" 모델을 추구하고 있다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 기존 NATO 위주에서 구매국 위주 정책으로 변환을 천명하고, 기동성이 떨어지고 유지비용이 많이 드는 무기는 과감히 도태시키고 있다. 이를 추진하기 위해 주요 핵심보직에는 전력기획 및 협상을 주도할 전문가를 보직하고, 대외 군사판매(FMS : Foreign Military Sales)를 자국 경제발전에 적극 활용하고 있다. 이러한 변화의 와중에서 미국은 어떤 특정국가를 챙겨 줄 여유가 없다. 우리 스스로 미국ㄱ의 전략변화와 안보지원관련 법규.제도와 업무수행 절차를 명확히 이해하여 미국의 변화 속에서 민첩히 대응하여 국가이익 차원에서 실리를 추구하는 방향으로 정책이 지향되어야 한다. 미국의 안보지원정책 변화를 정확히 이해하고 지혜롭게 활용함에 따라 국가의 위기가 될 수도 있고 도약의 기회가 될 수도 있다.

• 해운
• /
• s.84
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2011

2002년 이후 지속되어온 미국의 재정적자가 금융위기 중 확대되면서 미국 국가채무가 2012년에는 GDP를 초과할 것으로 전망된다. 미 의회는 5개월 이상 협상을 지속한 결과 2011년 8월 1일 국가채무 한도 상향조정을 포함한 예산통제법을 통과시켜 국가부도사태는 발발하지 않았다. 이러한 미 의회의 국가채무 한도 상향 조정에도 불구하고, S&P는 지난 8월 3일 미국의 국가신용등급을 AAA에서 AA+로 강등하였으며, 주식시장의 경우도 미국의 재정지출 감축으로 인한 경기회복지연, 신용등급 강등 영향으로 인한 국제금융시장의 위험자산 회피현상으로 급락하였다. 미국 재정지출 감축과 위험자산 회피현상에 따른 우리나라의 국내총생산 감소는 미미할 것으로 분석되지만, 재정긴축 계획으로 향후 5년 동안 미국 경제에 평균 -0.5%정도의 GDP 감소 효과가 있으며, 우리나라 GDP도 평균적으로 -0.02% 정도 감소시킬 것이다. 이에 따라 우리나라 기업들도 미국 재정긴축 및 신용등급 강등으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 사항들을 다각적으로 분석하여 대처를 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 다음은 대외경제정책연구원에서 발표한 "미국 재정긴축 및 신용등급 강등의 효과분석"의 주요 내용을 정리 요약한 것이다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
• /
• v.62 no.8
• /
• pp.40-43
• /
• 2008

자유시장 경제를 신봉하는 사람들은 국가간 교역의 증대는 비교우위에 따른 무역의 증대를 의미하고 이것은 국가간 상호이익을 도모함으로써 세계적인 부를 증진시킨다고 주장한다. 세계화로 다른 나라의 다양한 물품을 우리나라 소비자들이 싼 값에 살 수 있고, 생산자도 세계의 넓은 시장에서 판매활동을 할 수 있으므로 세계적인 부를 증진시킨단 말은 일면 타당해 보인다. 그러나 후진국의 경제발전(특히 수입대체산업의 육성)에 악영향을 미칠 것이며, 선진국 경제에 후진국이 종속되는 결과를 낳을 것이라고 한다. 또한 세계화는 이익을 보는 계층과 손해를 보는 계층을 극명하게 나눠 놓음으로서 분쟁과 갈등을 증대시키는 면도 있다. 예를 들면 최근의 농산물시장의 개방에 따른 우리나라 농민들의 피해, 자본의 대량유입과 대량유출에 따른 외환위기의 위험성 등 개발도상국을 비롯한 중.후진국이 감수해야 할 지도 모르는 부담이 상당하다. 경제적인 종속 이외에도 사회적, 문화적인 종속을 우려하는 시각도 있다. 이러한 가운데 세계화를 주장하는 미국과 대립되는 상황이 나타나는데 이는 자국 문화를 수호하려는 정부의 노력으로 보인다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.9 s.295
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2003

미 안보지원역사는 좁은 의미로는 무기와 물품의 지원 및 판매 역사이며, 우리 의지와는 상관없이 세계정세 변화에 따라 국익을 극대화할 수 있도록 변화해 있다. 현 부시 행정부의 안보지원정책은 미래를 위한 "능력에 기초한(Capacity Based)" 모델을 추구하고 있다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 기존 NATO 위주에서 구매국 위주 정책으로 변환을 천명하고, 기동성이 떨어지고 유지비용이 많이 드는 무기는 과감히 도태시키고 있다. 이를 추진하기 위해 주요 핵심보직에는 전력기획 및 협상을 주도할 전문가를 보직하고, 대외 군사판매(FMS : Foreign Military Sales)를 자국 경제발전에 적극 활용하고 있다. 이러한 변화의 와중에서 미국은 어떤 특정국가를 챙겨 줄 여유가 없다. 우리 스스로 미국ㄱ의 전략변화와 안보지원관련 법규.제도와 업무수행 절차를 명확히 이해하여 미국의 변화 속에서 민첩히 대응하여 국가이익 차원에서 실리를 추구하는 방향으로 정책이 지향되어야 한다. 미국의 안보지원정책 변화를 정확히 이해하고 지혜롭게 활용함에 따라 국가의 위기가 될 수도 있고 도약의 기회가 될 수도 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2010

It is said that the highlight in the media covergence and integration within digital environment era is 'Contents'. Due to the advent of new media and various covergence and integration services, the competition between the platforms has become aggressive. As a result, it is predicted that the negotiation power of a 'Content's industry will be strengthened. In reality, the actual environmental changes in the media environment have accompanied elements of industrial crisis rather than opportunity to expand the market. The changes are especially causing sales structure distortion and proceeds deterioration in the Korean film industry. Moreover, telecommunication and broadcasting businesses are making their entrance into the film industry, through the appearance of the media covergence and integration as a backdrop. Thus, the situation that the Korean film industry is facing is closely associated with the development of the digital technology and new media environment. Eventually, weathering the crisis and pioneering the future will be possible through changes in the media environment. The purpose of this study is to show how the media covergence and integration phenomenon is occurring in the film industry. This study will also focus on what new problems are occurring as a result, and seek out the solutions that are available.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.303-320
• /
• 2023

Recently, import and export companies have been using T/T remittance and Surrender B/L more frequently than L/C when selecting the process and method of trade payment settlement. The new trade and logistics environment is thriving in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Document-based trade transactions are undergoing a digitalization as bills of lading or smart contracts are being developed. The purpose of this study is to verify whether exporters choose export payment types based on negotiating factors. In addition, we would like to discuss the application of the characteristics of the new trade and logistics environment. Data for analysis was collected through surveys. The collection method consisted of direct visits to the company, e-mail, fax, and online surveys. The survey distribution period is from February 1, 2023, to April 30, 2023. The questionnaire was distributed in 2,000 copies, and 447 copies were collected. The final 336 copies were used for analysis, excluding 111 copies that were deemed inappropriate for the purpose of this study. The results of the study are shown below. First, among the negotiating factors, the product differentiation of exporters did not significantly affect the selection of export payment types. Second, among the negotiating factors, the greater the purchasing advantage recognized by exporters, the higher the possibility of using the post-transfer method. In addition to analyzing the results, this study suggests that exporters should consider adopting new payment methods, such as blockchain technology-based bills of lading and trade finance platforms, to adapt to the characteristics of the evolving trade and logistics environment. Therefore, exporters should continue to show interest in initiatives aimed at digitizing trade documents as a response to the challenges posed by bills of lading. In future studies, it is necessary to address the lack of social awareness in Korea by conducting advanced research abroad.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.740-749
• /
• 2023

The ocean plays a vital role in the international carbon cycle, absorbing human-induced atmospheric carbon and preventing further atmospheric carbon accumulation. However, while the ocean had been considered a victim of climate change, it did not receive much attention as a solution for climate change in the major agenda of UNFCCC. Recently, a growing awareness that the ocean can provide numerous potentials to handle untapped issues to address the climate crisis has arisen, which has prompted discussions to strengthen ocean-based climate action. Since 2020, UNFCCC "Ocean and climate change dialogue" has been a forum to integrate and strengthen the ocean-climate nexus. This calls for integrating ocean action into climate action and the relevant sectors. In this regard, this study examined the background and international trends of ocean-based climate action and presented the author's perspective on the scope of content that such action should pursue and the direction to achieve it. In addition, this study identified tasks of the integrated approach and advancement of co-benefit as ways to strengthen ocean-based climate action, and it suggested domestic countermeasures for the Korean marine policy on climate change based on this.