• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s are believed to one of several growth factors that play an adjunctive role in ovarian follicular development. These factors circulate bound to a family of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)s. It is known that circulating IGFBPs are involved in the transport of IGFs to tissues and modulate IGFs actions at local tissue. The purposes of this study were to evaluate changes in serum IGFBPs profiles during normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and to compare serum IGFBPs profiles in periovulatory phase of between normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 15 normal healthy women throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle and on the day of aspiration of oocyte from 10 patients undergoing ovarian hyperstimuation for in vito fertilization-embryo transfer. Serum IGFBP-1 - IGFBP-4 were measured by western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation. Serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol was determined by radioimmunoassay. Type and molecular weight of serum IGFBP did not changed during normal ovulatory menstural cycle. No significant variation in the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP was found throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle. Also, the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP did not correlated with serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol level. There was no significant difference in the relative proportion and level of each serum IGFBP between on the day of ovulation in normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and on the day of aspiration of oocyte in controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Our data indicate that IGFBPs have regulatory functions in ovary through an paracrine and autocrine rather than endocrine mechanism during normal ovulatory menstural cycle.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 1986

It is now common practice to attempt ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to promote the development of multiple preovulatory follicles and to maximize the number of mature egg available. There are several drugs for hyperstimulation such as clomiphene citrate only, clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and HMG only. Accumlated experience has shown that the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET results in high pregnancy rate. But the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET may cause the hyperandrogenism, so we must consider the adverse effect on pregnancy rate of the hyperandrogenism. Little is known about the functional significance of androgen for the follicular growth, however, the hyperandrogenism might interfere with oocyte maturation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the serum profiles of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone during the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles in IVF. The results were summarized as follows: 1. There was a gradual increase in the mean levels of serum estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone approaching follicular maturation. 2. The mean serum estradiol levels in the hyperstimulated groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase and ovum retrieval (ovulation) day (p<0.01). 3. The mean serum androstenedione levels in the clomiphene citrate groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant different in the mean serum androstenedione levels between the control group and the HMG group (p>0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of testosterone among each group (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant different in the mean levels of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone between the fertilized patients and non-fertilized patients in clomiphene citrate and HMG group (p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.405-414
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The associations between the eating behavior and energy and macronutrient intake from meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the menstrual cycle were investigated in 74 healthy female college students. Methods: A 9-day food record was collected during the last 3 days before menstrual onset (phase 1) and the first 3 days after menstrual onset (phase 2) and from the 4th to the 6th day after menstrual onset (phase 3), respectively. Anthropometry was assessed and eating behaviors were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Results: External eating was the most prevalent type of eating behavior, followed by restrained eating and emotional eating. Restrained eating was positively associated with energy, carbohydrate and lipid intake at the breakfast and midmorning snack during phase 3. However, emotional eating was also positively related to energy and macronutrient intake at the dinner and after-dinner snack during phase 1 and phase 3, with higher level detected in the phase 1. The association of emotional eating with the snack consumption was highest in phase 1. External eating was positively associated with energy and macronutrient intakes at the dinner and after-dinner snack across the three phases, the highest level being phase 1. In addition, restrained eating was positively associated with the weight, body mass index(BMI), fat mass, waist and hip girth of the subjects. Conclusions: Eating behaviors varied with regard to meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the three menstrual phases. Dinner and afterdinner snack consumption in premenstrual phase could be considered as a time when women are more prone to overconsumption and uncontrolled eating.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the differences of clinical characteristics of endometriosis and to emphasize the significance of early diagnosis of endometriosis to protect disease progression in adolescents. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out. All cases (n=130) were diagnosed surgically as endometriosis between January 2000 and August 2007 in two university hospitals in Daegu. Adolescents were 23 cases and unmarried young women were 107 cases. Data were collected through review of medical records. Results: The predominant symptom in adolescents was cyclic pain. 52.2% of adolescent patients were stage I or II. And stage III was 47.8% but stage IV was none. The other side 82.2% of unmarried young women patients were stage II or III and stage IV was 15.8%. Serum CA-125 level was elevated in adolescents, also. But there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Endometriosis is progressive disease. Early diagnosis is necessary for prevention of the disease progression and free from pain. Appropriate gynecologic examination and careful concerns about adolescents are mandatory.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2012

In electric power transmission tower structures on offshore, implementation of life management using the event data of regular safety inspections for structural and material damages is strongly recommended. In this study, six tower structures in Sihwa Lake around Yeoungheung island were target bodies for the safety inspections. safety inspections for deterioration about each of six towers were performed about three items for steel member, five items for concrete foundation, and four items for steel-pipe pile in seawater and seawater itself. Safety inspections for steel members included the visual observations of surface appearances, the measurements of member thicknesses, and the checks of painting states. Also safety inspections for concrete foundations comprised the estimation of crack features, the evaluation of non-destructive compression strengths, and the measurements of neutralization depths and chlorides contents. For steel-pipe piles in seawater the inspections comprised the surveys of corrosion states in accordance with potential levels tests and anode tests, the analyses of photos taken on surfaces of the piles as well as the evaluation of seawater quality. A set of deterioration inspections was performed at the same positions around october of each year for three consecutive years. As a result in this study, Newly developed deterioration indexes have been applied profitably to maintain structural safety for electric power transmission towers by utilizing these event data systematically.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To research the changes of Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) over the period of ovarian cycle of healthy young women with normal and regular menstrual cycles using Oriental Medical Diagnose Autonomic system-3000 (OMD-3000). Methods: We measured SRV of 15 women who were working at O O Oriental Hospital from July to Oct. 2008. Each woman took the OMD-3000 test 8 times during 2 menstrual cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 phases-follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase and menstruation. We analyse the data by SPSS 12.0 for windows. the one-way ANOVA by Repeated Measure(p<0.05). Results: 1. (1) The Factor AA means at zone 1 were 0.77$\pm$0.40, at zone 2 were 1.07$\pm$0.68, at zone 3 were 0.77$\pm$0.35, at zone 4 were 0.68$\pm$0.32, at zone 5 were 0.74$\pm$0.29, at zone 6 were 0.85$\pm$0.30, and at zone 7 were 0.74$\pm$0.29. The Factor AA means were lower than normal range at zone 1,3,4,5,6 and 7. The graph pattern of M shape was caused by the Factor AA means at zone 2 and zone 6 were higher than others. (2) The Factor AA means at zone 1 and zone 3 show abnormal regulation state. 2. During the menstruation. the Factor AA means were higher at zone 1,2 and 3 than other zones. During the ovulation, the Factor AA means were higher at zone 4,5,6 and 7 than other zones. Especially at the menstruation phase in zone 2 and at the ovulation phase in zone 6 tend to be highest means than other phases respectively. 3. However there were no significant difference of means during 4 ovarian phases in 7 zones except ovulation phase to luteal phase at zone 4(p = 0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that changes of SRV during 4 menstrual cycles are not variables in reading 7-zone-diagnostic system. Further study will be needed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.31-46
• /
• 1995

Gonadal maturation and annual reproductive cycle in ovoviviparous oblong rockfish, Sebastes oblangus on the basis of monthly gonadosomatic indices (GSI), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and histological observations of gonadal tissues. GSI values of female were in a wide range from $0.l5\pm0.0l\;(July)\;to\;58.54\pm3.86$ (December) and began to increase in August and reached the maxium in December, then decreased rapidly thereafter. Male GSI values were in a range from $0.08\pm0.03$ (July) to $1.55\pm0.27$ (September) and began to increase rapidly in July and reached the maximum in September, then decreased gradually, thereafter. Female HSI was in a range from $0.89\pm0.12$ (December) to $3.73\pm0.15$ (October), and male's was from $2.09\pm0.76$ (October) to $3.62\pm0.48$ (August). HSI reached the maximum values one or two months before GSI reached their maxium values in both sex, and then decreased rapidly thereafter. Mature oocytes began to appear in late October as being oocytes began to mature in August, and the type of oocyte development is categorized in the roup-synchronous oocyte development'. Ovulation and fertilization of ripe oocytes occurred in November, and hatched larvae were born from December to January. Maturation of testis was progressed in short term from August to October and spermatozoa were released in October. Sperm balls consisted of many spermatozoa were preserved in ovarian cavity of female after copulation. These results may suggest that the annual reproductive cycle of oblong rockfish could be divided into the following successive stages: growing (August and September), mature (September and October), gestation (November and December), parturition (December and January) and resting (February to July) in female, and growing (August and September), mature (September and October), copulation (October) and resting (November to July) in male.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 1988

科學의 발전과 經濟의 高度成長으로 食生活의 向上은 人間의 수명을 크게 연장시키고 있다. 韓國에 있어서도 이러한 傾向은 같은 樣相이며 더욱이 보건형태가 차차 변경되어 가고 있다. 女性의 平均수명은 男性보다 길며 近來에 이르러 女性人口의 95%가 閉經을 經驗할 때까지 生存하고 있다고 한다. 이러한 실정임에도 불구하고 우리나라 女性의 閉經年令, 更年期에 處한 婦人들의 건강 및 營養攝取狀態, 食生活 態度등에 關한 情報가 파악되어 있지 않고 있다. 本 硏究는 이 點을 감안하여 우리나라의 中年女性의 건강管理의 指針을 세우기 위하여 생물학적 요인 및 환경적 요인이 閉經年令 및 更年期婦人의 건강狀態와 食行動에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하여 보았다. 本 硏究는 1980년 12월에서 1981년 2월까지 3개월간 韓國의 2個의 大都市와 5個의 小都市에 거주하는 40歲에서 60歲까지의 女性을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 다음과 같은 사항을 조사하였다. 조사내용으로 1) 폐경연령, 주거환경, 사회경제적 조건, 체위, 임신횟수, 유산경험의 유무 2) 건강상태, 갱년기 자각증상, 유경시 월경의 순, 불순상태 그리고 3) 영양섭취상태와 식행동 등이다. 本論文은 調査內容 中 第 2 報로 更年期女性의 영양섭취상태와 식생활 행동 그리고 更年期 현상과의 關係를 關例시켜 검토하였다. 간이식품 섭취 사항 조사표를 사용하여 영양소의 섭취상태를 조사한 결과 大都市群은 energy, 지방, thiamin 및 ascorbic acid 의 섭취상태가 그 對照群에 比하여 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 열양 구성비에 대한 검토를 보면 糖質:蛋白質:脂肪(C:P:E)의 比가 64~67%:14%:19%~22%였으며 大都市群은 小都市群에 比해 脂肪에서의 energy섭취가 유의적으로 높았다. 더욱이 사회 경제적 측면으로 보아도 지방섭취는 저소득층에서 낮은 경향을 보여주었다. 更年期女性의 음식에 대한 기호變化의 검토를 통해 관찰한 것에 의하면 閉經者가 未閉經者에 比해 더 많이 食品嗜好의 變化를 경험하고 있다고 지적\ulcorner\ulcorner있다. 37.4%와 28.1%가 각기 기호의 變化를 경험하고 있었으며 이는 兩群間에 有意차가 높음을 보여주었다. 閉經 후 2年頃부터 食品의 嗜好變化를 느끼고 있다고 하는 사람이 많았으며 음식은 기름기 있는 것보다 담백한 것, 肉類보다는 生鮮, 果實, 野菜를 더 선호하는 경향이라고 하였다. 자극성이 있는 것에서 덜 자극성 있는 것을 찾는 경향이었다. 이들의 食品선택구조를 파악하는 것은 그 지역의 특수한 영양문제뿐만 아니라 그들의 영양교육, 더 나아가서는 그 지역의 식량영양정책 수립을 위해 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 大都市群은 肉類, 卵類, 乳類 및 그 製品등의 선택과 빵이나 butter 등의 食品과 正의 相關性을 나타내고 있었으나(p<0.01) 김치와 같은 韓國의 傳統的 食品의 선택時는 乳類, 果實, 빵과 같은 近代的 感覺의 食品과는 負의 相關性을 나타냈다. 한편 김치는 밥 및 기타 곡류 그리고 서류와는 正 相關性을 시사하였다. 小都市群은 對照群과는 多少 상이한 식품선택 구조를 보이고 있다. 즉 卵類나 乳類를 섭취할 수 있는 사회경제적 조건, 그리고 기호를 갖는 사람들은 서류를 제외한 모든 식품과 正의 相關性을 나타냈다. 어느 群이든 밥과 김치는 높은 相關性을 나타내고 있으며, 이 두 식품은 韓國人의 食生活의 基本이 되고 있으며 이를 土臺로 다른 食品의 선택은 地域的, 社會經濟的, 그리고 個人의 기호에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 것이 시사되었다. 閉經前 後의 更年期라는 것은 30餘年 間의 性 hormone의 周期的分泌에 依한 月周期가 停止하는 時期이며, 內分泌環境의 變化에 依한 生體 리듬의 異常은 各種 更年期증상의 원인이 되고 있다. 有經時의 月經주기의 이상을 경험하는 사람에게 특히 更年期증상中 食慾不振이나 不眠 등의 不平 數가 많았다. 이러한 점으로 미루어 보아 estrogen과 食慾과의 相關性은 높음이 시사되었다. 이는 不眠症과는 연관성이 있으며 性홀몬 分泌의 亂脈은 食事攝取의 리듬을 흐틀어 놓으며 이것이 生體리듬의 變化를 유발한다고 본다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 1998

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether the transvaginal ultrasonographic analysis of endometrial pattern and thickness could predict the stage of menstrual cycle. Endometrial pattern and thickness were observed in those patients receiving infertility work up from April, 1994 to July, 1998 at Seoul National University Hospital. The study group was 185 patients with normal regular menstrual cycles. Among them, 44 patients received endometrial biopsy, and the date of endometrium was compared with the observed endometrial pattern and thickness. The observed endometrial pattern was presence or absence of central cavity echogenicity, triple line sign, endometrial hypoechogenicity, ring sign, endometrial hyperechogenicity and posterior acoustic sonic enhancement. The results were as follows; Central cavity echogenicity was seen throughout menstrual cycle. Triple line sign was observed in 81.1% of patients during early secretory phase. However, in mid to late secretory phase, triple line sign was appeared in only 6.8%. The percentage of positive endometrial hypoechogenicity was highest in early secretory phase. In contrast to hypoechogenicity, positive endometrial hyperechogenicty was highest in mid to late secretory phase. Ring sign was observed in 73.5% of the patients during early secretory phase with peak incidence. Posterior acoustic enhancement was seen in 72.7% of the patients during late secretory phase. The sensitivity and specificity of being a secretory phase if the patients showed hyperechogenic endometrium, were 84.2%, 83.3% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of being a secretory phase if the patients showed posterior acoustic enhancement were 93.8%, 58.3% respectively. Endometrial thickness was not correlated with endometrial dating. In conclusion, transvaginal ultrasonographical delineation of the endometrial pattern might be useful tool in predicting endometrial status during normal menstrual cycle. But, endometrial thickness could not predict the endometrial dating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.79 no.6
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and angiographic features with outcome of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: Clinical details and angiographic features with assessment of arterial embolization were reviewed in total 38 patients underwent arterial embolization at single tertiary referral center. Results: Twenty patients (53%) had Cesarean section. The major causes of bleeding were iatrogenic vascular injury, and retained placenta (55%). The patterns of vaginal bleeding were recorded as intermittent (50%), or as persistent (50%). Seven patients (18%) were hemodynamically unstable at presentation. Positive angiographic findings appeared in eighteen patients (47.3%). The frequency of pseudoaneurysm was statistically high in the Cesarean section (p < 0.001). The used embolic agents except gelfoam were N-butyl cyanoacrylate (n = 7), and microcoil (n = 7). Unilateral selective embolization (26.3%) was shown effective in superselective embolization of bleeding focus. Technical and clinical success rate were 100% and 97.4%, respectively with no complication. Sixteen resumed regular menstruation, and one pregnancy were observed in patients with available follow-up of over 6 months. Conclusion: Considerable rate of hemodynamically unstable patients was observed with high rate of positive angiography findings. Given high successful rate and few complications, early angiographic assessment with embolization should be considered.