• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.227-252
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• 2018

The evolution of instant communication has mirrored the development of the Internet and messenger applications are among the most representative manifestations of instant communication technologies. In messenger applications, senders use emoticons to supplement the emotions conveyed in the text of their messages. The fact that communication via messenger applications is not face-to-face makes it difficult for senders to communicate their emotions to message recipients. Emoticons have long been used as symbols that indicate the moods of speakers. However, at present, emoticon-use is evolving into a means of conveying the psychological states of consumers who want to express individual characteristics and personality quirks while communicating their emotions to others. The fact that companies like KakaoTalk, Line, Apple, etc. have begun conducting emoticon business and sales of related content are expected to gradually increase testifies to the significance of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, despite the development of emoticons themselves and the growth of the emoticon market, no suitable emoticon recommendation system has yet been developed. Even KakaoTalk, a messenger application that commands more than 90% of domestic market share in South Korea, just grouped in to popularity, most recent, or brief category. This means consumers face the inconvenience of constantly scrolling around to locate the emoticons they want. The creation of an emoticon recommendation system would improve consumer convenience and satisfaction and increase the sales revenue of companies the sell emoticons. To recommend appropriate emoticons, it is necessary to quantify the emotions that the consumer sees and emotions. Such quantification will enable us to analyze the characteristics and emotions felt by consumers who used similar emoticons, which, in turn, will facilitate our emoticon recommendations for consumers. One way to quantify emoticons use is metadata-ization. Metadata-ization is a means of structuring or organizing unstructured and semi-structured data to extract meaning. By structuring unstructured emoticon data through metadata-ization, we can easily classify emoticons based on the emotions consumers want to express. To determine emoticons' precise emotions, we had to consider sub-detail expressions-not only the seven common emotional adjectives but also the metaphorical expressions that appear only in South Korean proved by previous studies related to emotion focusing on the emoticon's characteristics. We therefore collected the sub-detail expressions of emotion based on the "Shape", "Color" and "Adumbration". Moreover, to design a highly accurate recommendation system, we considered both emotion-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional indexes. We then identified 14 features of emoticon-technical indexes and selected 36 emotional adjectives. The 36 emotional adjectives consisted of contrasting adjectives, which we reduced to 18, and we measured the 18 emotional adjectives using 40 emoticon sets randomly selected from the top-ranked emoticons in the KakaoTalk shop. We surveyed 277 consumers in their mid-twenties who had experience purchasing emoticons; we recruited them online and asked them to evaluate five different emoticon sets. After data acquisition, we conducted a factor analysis of emoticon-emotional factors. We extracted four factors that we named "Comic", Softness", "Modernity" and "Transparency". We analyzed both the relationship between indexes and consumer attitude and the relationship between emoticon-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional factors. Through this process, we confirmed that the emoticon-technical indexes did not directly affect consumer attitudes but had a mediating effect on consumer attitudes through emoticon-emotional factors. The results of the analysis revealed the mechanism consumers use to evaluate emoticons; the results also showed that consumers' emoticon-technical indexes affected emoticon-emotional factors and that the emoticon-emotional factors affected consumer satisfaction. We therefore designed the emoticon recommendation system using only four emoticon-emotional factors; we created a recommendation method to calculate the Euclidean distance from each factors' emotion. In an attempt to increase the accuracy of the emoticon recommendation system, we compared the emotional patterns of selected emoticons with the recommended emoticons. The emotional patterns corresponded in principle. We verified the emoticon recommendation system by testing prediction accuracy; the predictions were 81.02% accurate in the first result, 76.64% accurate in the second, and 81.63% accurate in the third. This study developed a methodology that can be used in various fields academically and practically. We expect that the novel emoticon recommendation system we designed will increase emoticon sales for companies who conduct business in this domain and make consumer experiences more convenient. In addition, this study served as an important first step in the development of an intelligent emoticon recommendation system. The emotional factors proposed in this study could be collected in an emotional library that could serve as an emotion index for evaluation when new emoticons are released. Moreover, by combining the accumulated emotional library with company sales data, sales information, and consumer data, companies could develop hybrid recommendation systems that would bolster convenience for consumers and serve as intellectual assets that companies could strategically deploy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-183
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• 2008

Current trend of audit is to check the physical aspects of developed information system, such as checking the budget constraints, time constraints or functional fluency etc. However, ultimate goal of information system is to help the organization to achieve the competency over their competitors. Also, there are three different interest groups in system auditing, like audit requesting group, audited group and audit group, who may have different points of interests in auditing. Current auditing process, however, ignores this point, and so does not check the differences between three groups. This study tries to develop new auditing method to cure these two problems. Contributions of this study may be summarized as follows. First, Introduce the new indexes that can check the possibility that the information system may contribute the competency of organization. Also check the feasibility of indexes through Fuzzy AHP. Second, Divide the audit related person into three groups, and their different needs toward the information system was analyzed. Third, Analyze and compare the main interests of three groups, and weights of each groups to each indexes were calculated. Fourth, Fuzzy theory was applied to quantify the qualitative answers, which may minimize the ambiguity of questionnaire replies.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2008

Excessive amount of groundwater flowed into tunnel, while constructing Incheon international airport railway. Tunnel passes under subway line no. 2 with only 1.76 m below. To protect the existing structure, TRcM excavation method was applied. As station and construction shaft are already constructed, which are located back and forth of TRcM section, 86.4 ton per day of groundwater inflow is against expectation. To identify mechanism of excessive water inflow, hydraulic back analyses were performed. Then, hydro-mechanical coupled analysis were also performed with the hydrogeologic parameters identified, whose results are investigated for checking the stability of adjacent structures to the tunnel under construction. And a number of mechanical analyses were also performed to check the hydro-mechanical coupling effect. The result from the mechanical analysis shows that subsidence and tunnel ceiling displacement will be 0.85 mm and 1.32 mm. The result of hydro-mechanical couple analysis shows that subsidence and maximum tunnel ceiling displacement will be 1.2 mm and 1.72 mm. Additional displacements caused by groundwater draw down were identified, however, displacement is minute.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.548-558
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• 2014

EMP(Electromagnetic Pulse) protection facility was evaluated according to standard of shielding effectiveness. To comply with the standard, transmitting antenna was placed on outside of protection facility and receiving antenna was placed on inside of protection facility. However, measurement is impossible that place does not have enough space between protection facility and external concrete structure. In this paper, we performed a various of tests that put transmitting antenna inside the EMP protection facility in order to find out test method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic wave. Transmitting antenna was placed on inside of the EMP protection facility for measuring the shielding effectiveness to compare and analyze the impact of the position regarding to the transmitting and receiving antenna. As a result of test, in case that transmitting antenna was placed on inside of the EMP protection facility, it was found that test frequency range 10 kHz~1 GHz were occurred overall average difference of ${\pm}4$ dB level.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2008

For the success of the DMB market to meet consumers' demands for Ubiquitous Media and strengthen the nation's competitiveness, it's inevitable for us to activate DMB advertising as of main profit source for DMB Media, and to develop various types of DMB advertising which are linked to the profit model. So I'd like to look over the various types of DMB advertising which are suitable for DMB features as one of the efforts to activate DMB advertising. First of all, I've figured out what kinds of advertising are available for new media and which related technologies are required for DMB media. Through this research, I could find out what features of new media such as cable broadcasting, Internet and Mobile have become the source of developing various types of advertising and how to a great part to activate new media advertising markets by making the best use of their media features. This research also shows that DMB advertising has the high potential to be developed in various and effective types and kinds of advertising with its media feature and technological feature. This research observing DMB advertising cases showed that DMB advertising can be divided into 6 types such as forms, purposes, techniques, advertising positions, the use of LBS(Location Based Service), coupons and it could be developed into various kinds of DMB advertising dependent on each type. On the other hands, it would be great to have continual researches and follow-ups for various types of DMB advertising and the verification of the effectiveness for DMB advertising by performing potential DMB advertising.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.664-674
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• 2002

청소년을 위한 영양 웹사이트의 컨텐츠 개발을 목적으로 사이버 영양정보 이용 현황과 요구도를 파악하고자 서울, 대전, 광주, 대구의 4개 대도시의 남녀 중고등학생 1262명을 임의로 선정하여 2000년 9월부터 10월에 걸쳐 설문지 조사를 실시하고 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상의 인터넷/PC통신의 이용시간은 전체 하루 평균137.0 $\pm$ 100.6분으로 나타났고 남학생이 여학생보다 평균 20.2분 길었다(p<0.05) 영양정보 급원의 이용 비중은 TV/라디오가 가장 컸고(3.69 $\pm$ 1.48) 인터넷/PC통신의 비중은 남녀, 중고생간의 차이 없이 매우 낮았다(1.30 $\pm$1.53). 인터넷/PC통신의 이용은 주로 게임 오락, 채팅이나 사교, 숙제자료를 찾기 위해서였으며 학교 공부 이외의 정보와 지식을 얻기 위한 활용도는 낮았다. 조사대상 중 인터넷/PC통신을 통해 영양정보 습득 경험이 있는 비율은 전차의 34.5%였으며 여학생(38.3%)이남학생(30.3%)보다 높았다(p<0.01). 영양정보 습득을 위해 인터넷/PC퉁신 이용 빈도는 응답자의 72%가 한 달에 1회 이하였으나, 한 달에 4회 이상 이용자도 10.9%나 되었다. 이용 목적은 ‘숙제를 위하여’가 가장 많았고 ‘자신의 건강’ 또는 ‘다이어트를 위함’이 그 다음 순이었다. 이용한 영양 웹사이트들의 전반적인 만족도는 ‘보통’의 수준(3.05 $\pm$ 0.92)이었으며 별로 또는 전혀 만족하지 않는 비율이 29.2%나 되었는데, 개선점으로 ‘정보의 빈약’(36.3%), ‘내용의 지루함과 흥미 부족’ (23.8%), ‘접속 속도의 느림’ (20.7%)의 순이었고, ‘내용의 난해도’는 전체의 13.0%가 지적하였다. 영양 컨텐츠의 내용에 대한 요구도를 조사한 결과 청소년 수준에 맞도록 쉽고 구체적이며 (71,8%), 새로운 정보의 빠른 업데이트(60.6%), 그리고 화면구성면에서는 쉽게 찾아 들어올 수 있고(88.6%) 복잡하지 않은 화면(61.9%)과 캐릭터를 많이 쓰는 것(51.1%)에 대한 요구도가 높았다. 한편 인터넷/PC통신을 통한 영양상담 경험은 남녀나 중고생간의 차이 없이 전반적으로 매우 적었으며(8.1%) 그중 91%가 한 달에 1회 이하로 저조한 상담 빈도를 보였다. 상담목적은 ‘자신의 건강’, ‘숙제’, ‘다이어트’, ‘가족의 건강을 위해’ 순으로 나타났으며, 상담결과에 대한 만족도는 ‘보통’보다 낮은 수준으로서(2.53 $\geq$ 1.01) ‘별로 또는 전혀 만족하지 않는’ 비율이 45.9%로 나타났다. 영양상담사이트의 개선점으로는 답변의 빈약함(43.2%), 난해성(22.7%), 느린 답변(22.7%) 등을 지적하였으며 친절하고 충분한 답변에 대한 요구도가 크게(48.7%) 나타났다. 조사대상들의 영양정보 습득이나 영양상담의 접속 경로는 주로 검색엔진을 통해서였으며 야후와 다음이 가장 많이 이용되었다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

Follicular cystic ovary (FCO) is one of the major causes of reproductive failure in cattle. Genetic alterations affect the function of diverse cells and/or tissues, which could be present in cystic ovaries. A microarray analysis was performed to screen differential gene expressions in follicular cystic follicles of cattle. In this study, we hypothesized that follicular cysts may be induced by changes in ion- and transporter-related gene expression. Microarray data showed that fibrinogen-gamma (FGG) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) were up-regulated, while choline transporter-like protein 4 (SLC44A4), very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase homolog 2 (SLC27A5), annexin 8 (ANXA8), and aquaporin 4 were down-regulated in follicular cystic follicles. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to validate DEGs altered in follicular cystic follicles. Of six DEGs, three DEGs (FGG, SLC44A4, and aquaporin 4) showed a positive correlation between microarray and semi-quantitative PCR data. We focused on FGG, among three DEGs, which was highly up-regulated in follicular cystic follicles. The FGG mRNA was upregulated by 8.4-fold and by 1.7-fold in the bovine follicular cystic follicles as judged by microarray and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. However, there was no significant changes in the expression level of FGG protein in both follicular cystic follicles and granulosa cells isolated from follicular cystic follicles by Western blot analysis. Although this study does not reveal a positive correlation between the mRNA and protein level, FGG appears to be an important biomarker in the discrimination of follicular cyst from normal ovary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1430-1434
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• 2005

금강 유역과 같이 복잡한 하천유역 시스템의 관리를 위해서는 시스템 요소들을 통합적으로 분석할 수 있는 효과적인 의사결정지원 도구가 필요하다. K-MODSIM 모형은 단기 물관리, 장기 운영계획, 가뭄 대비계획 및 물관련 분쟁 해결을 위해 보다 개선된 유역관리 전략을 수립하기 위한 컴퓨터 기반 도구로 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 K-MODSIM 모형에 저수지 운영률을 반영하여 유역의 용수배분을 평가하였다. 유역 저수지군 운영 환경 및 제약조건을 반영한 네트워크를 구성한 후, 두 단계의 모형 검정을 수행하였다. 먼저 물리적 검정을 통해서 전체 대상 수계의 상하류 물수지를 검토하고, 다음 단계인 운영 측면의 검정에서 물리적으로 나타나는 상황이 댐 운영이나 제약 조건 등에 부합하는지의 여부를 검토하였다. 대청댐과 용담댐의 통합 운영을 위한 최적 운영률의 개발은 동적계획법 소프트웨어인 CSUDP를 이용하여 수행하였으며, 여기서 사유한 접근법은 음해 추계학적 동적계획법이다. 이 접근방법은 유입량 시계열을 추계학적으로 모의발생시키고, CSUDP 모형은 모의발생시킨 유입량 시계열에 대한 최적운영률을 찾기 위해 사용하며, CSUDP의 최적화 결과에 대한 통계적인 분석을 통해 월단위 운영률을 도출하였다. K-MODSIM 모형에 저수지 운영률을 반영하여 유역의 용수배분을 평가하였다. 유역 저수지군 운영 환경 및 제약조건을 반영한 네트워크를 구성하고, 대청댐과 용담댐의 통합 운영을 위한 최적연계 운영를을 개발하여 다음과 같은 운영 시나리오들을 개발하고 평가하였다. $\cdot$ 금강수계에 대한 용당댐의 영향 평가 $\cdot$ 댐 연계운영시 수요량 변화에 따른 영향 평가 $\cdot$ 하도추적을 고려한 일별모형의 검증 개발된 운영률과 하도추적방법을 K-MODSIM 모형에서 검증하기 위해서 vb.net 스크립트 파일을 개발하여 적용하였다.L이하로 이를 유등천 상류부에 공급할 경우 유등천의 수질은 BOD 6.7mg/L, TN 9.80mg/L, TP 0.90mg/L를 나타낼 것으로 예측된다. 고도처리시설의 도입 후 금강 합류점에서 갑천의 예측 BOD는 7.4mg/L로 현재 9.0mg/L에 비하여 개선되지만 이는 금강수계 오염총량 관리계획의 시$\cdot$도 경계지점 목표수질인 5.9mg/L를 만족시키지 못하므로, 이를 만족시키기 위해서는 방류수 BOD 7.2mg/L이하로 처리해야 할 것으로 판단된다.which support only concepts or image features.방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해방적 행동에 대한 목표를 강조하여 적용할 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.교하여 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 HSP 환자군에서도 $IL1RN^{*}2$ allele 빈도와

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2010

The primary objective of this work is to find the optimal condition for the granule tablet formulation of alfuzosin-HCl that aims to achieve a sustained drug release. (Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) is one of the most widely used polymer as a drug formulation and therefore has been utilized in this study as an excipient. Alfuzosin-HCl granule tablet was developed using the various viscosities of HPMC and the effects of viscosity on drug release was investigated. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the chemical structure and crystallization of alfuzosin-HCl in the formulation. We prepared the granule tablet by a direct compression method and studied the release profile in the stimulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). As the viscosity of HPMC increased the release of alfuzosin-HCl decreased, demonstrating that controlled release of alfuzosin-HCl can be achieved by varying the viscosity of HPMC.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop artificial culture method of Grifola frondosa in polypropylene bag. To find out the favorable substrate formulation of G. frondosa, physicochemical conditions were investigated. The T2 formulation (55 : 25 : 12 : 8) mixing ratio of oak sawdust, oak chip, dried bean-curd refuse and wheat bran showed the shortest time to complete the crop cycle and the highest yield (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity). Those physicochemical conditions were pH 4.3, 2.4% crude fat contents, 54.1% total carbon, 1.42% total nitrogen, 38.1 C/N ratio, 75.5% porosity and $0.21\;g/cm^3$ bulk density. Among the physicochemical factors, pH, crude fat and total nitrogen may affect mushroom yield. Therefore, development of favorable substrate would be benefit to increase production efficiency of G. frondosa, mushrooms and be commercial potential.