• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.475-498
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• 2013

The most fundamental reason why FTA Agreement must be concluded is based on the preferential tariff treatment among country parties. In order to get applied by the preferential tariff treatment under an FTA, the parties need to meet the rules of origin and the criteria stipulated under the FTA simultaneously. In addition, Certificate of Origin(C/O) document is required to claim for the preferential treatment under the FTA Agreement. In South Korea, the electronic Certificate of Origin can be issued by the UNI-PASS and FTA-PASS of the Korea Customs Service. The Web Certification System of the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry also is established. But the majority cases of requesting the preferential Certificate of Origin are generally performed by the business partners. The settlement and activation of electronic Certificate of Origin are urgently needed to maximize the effects of FTA, First, this paper examines the application situation of electronic Certificate of Origin throughly. Second, the current circumstances related to electronic Certificate Origin are analyzed in the practical and systematic perspectives. Finally, the improvements for activating electronic Certificate of Origin is suggested.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.645-654
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• 2009

Recently there have been increasing consumers' interests in the geographical origin of foods, due to the FTA (Free Trade Agreement) in the global market. Especially, in Korea, in relation to BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), it is considered to be urgent to develop analytical techniques for distinguishing the geographical origin of beef. Korea is facing conclusion of FTA with many countries, and there is a deep national concern about the distinction of the geographical origin of food. Diverse analytical techniques have been used in many of recent researches to obtain data for distinguishing the geographical origin of foods produced in various countries. In this paper, we reviewed national and international researches about tracing of geographical origin and food authentication using stable isotopes. Improvement of the isotopic techniques and their numerous application have been provided useful information of their geographical origin in food products. Furthermore, we expect that this study could be detecting of many frauds and illegal transaction of food products. We look forward to active progressing research of detecting food origin using isotope analysis and numerous application about imported food products.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

There has not been enough distribution of documentary evidence of origin at the stage of domestic transaction yet due to the exporter bias of interest in utilizing FTA and shortage of attracting their issues, etc. although about more ten years has passed since Korea-Chile FTA was running. Furthermore, in case of issued and distributed documentary evidence of origin, the accuracy was doubt, so it contains various problems like errors in the certificate of origin issued by the final exporter. Accordingly, this study was to find out the limitations of 'declaration of origin third party confirmation system' operated in order to solve problems of lacking the management ability of origin place of the domestic supplier and improve the accuracy of certificate of origin (comprehensive), and to investigate a method of improvement. To achieve this, this study was to suggest the institutional complementary plans for distribution activation and error prevention on the declaration of origin and introduction plan of loss prevention plan due to the errors in the certificate of origin that the final exporter did not intend in the domestic areas in order to support the use of FTA smoothly for our enterprises.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.297-318
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• 2017

This study reviews the origin verification system of China via literature research and analyzes cases of Korean exports origin disapproved of Chinese customs clearance, to provide origin verification strategy recommendations for Korean companies exporting to China under Korea-China FTA. We reviewed the provisions of Chinese rules of origin and analyzed origin disapproved cases gathered from various presentations. The main results of the study have the following implications; First, the customs authority needs to establish a consultation channel with the customs authority of China, and origin certification issuing agencies should provide exporters with consulting services in the certificate issuing stage to reduce verification risk. Second, exporters need to pay attention to the formal requirements of the proof of origin, utilize the advance rulings program of differences in classification of items between Korea and China, and monitor regulatory change in China.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.351-373
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• 2011

Certificates of Origin(C/O) are necessary to gain benefits from preferential tariff treatment under the Free Trade Agreement(FTA). The C/O can be issued by issuing authorities or by exporters themselves. Recently, due to signed FTA such as Korean-EU FTA, issuance of self-declared C/O by exporters is increasing. In order to be qualified to issue self -declared C/O, exporters are required to acquire Approved Exporter status. An Approved Exporter is only required to present an invoice to substitute the certificate. The invoice contains an Approved Exporter number and a declaration that states the goods comply with the origin requirements. Either certification or notarization is not necessary. In result, the exporters are responsible for application of a preferential tariff under the self-declared C/O which issued incorrectly, even if it is not intentional. Therefore, in this paper, we studied authorization for Approved Exporter status and the practical use of its status. If companies obtain more Approved Exporter status, the effects of FTA would be maximized due to application of a preferential tariff under the C/O.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-98
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• 2008

Considerably many numbers of studies on country-of-origin(hereafter COO) effects have been presented in international business and marketing areas. Recent studies have been included the effects of COO of manufacture, parts, and design, as well as the effects of brand origin, reflected by the accelerating convergent manufacture circumstances and increasingly competitive environments. Moderating constructs such as knowledge of product category and involvement as individual variables, have been also introduced and researched in various angles. In addition, how the effects of COO occur as processes is also argued in previous studies. This research has attempted to explain business corporation's strategic decisions on choosing a domain of its product manufacturing for several critical reasons, for cost reduction or better image. We displayed two constructs of brand and manufacture in a positive and negative country image group to reconfirm the existence of the effects of COO. Additionally, the effects of respondents' regulatory fit between their motivational focus and the contents of product messages, have been declared. Furthermore the respondents' motivational focus moderates the main effect of COO on product evaluations in a positive 'made-in' combination, while, surprisingly, it does not statistically moderate in a negative, except attitude. Based on the results, implications and suggestions on how to plan and execute more effective marketing strategies regarding COO dimensions, especially COO of manufacture, are separately presented for each situations when it has already been determined and when it is to be.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.451-452
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 FTA 원산지 관리를 체계적으로 할 수 있는 프로세스기반 원산지관리시스템을 소개한다. 본 시스템은 BPM 을 기반으로 FTA 원산지 판정을 하는 최초의 시스템으로, 원산지판정절차를 프로그램 소스 코드로 작성하는 것이 아니라 프로세스 모델링 방식으로 정의하여, 사용자가 원산지판정 로직을 작성하기가 용이하며, 변경된 절차를 수정하고 관리하기에 편리하다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.99-124
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• 2017

Korea's country-of-Origin-Labeling(CoOL) system has been implemented since july 1, 1991. There is a variety of regulations and standards about the country-of-Origin-Labeling system in South Korea including the customs duty laws and foreign trade laws. For this reason, parties interested may find it difficult to operate the CoOL system, and furthermore, failing to understand those regulations and standards clearly. Therefore, we conducted a survey among parties interested and consumer to assess their level of understanding of the CoOL systems. The result of our study showed that they do not have a clear understanding of the CoOL systems. Due to a lack of sufficient understanding of the system possibly leading to violations of Country-of- Origin labeling(CoOL) regulations and standards, it is essential to consider an innovative and practical solution to resolving this issue.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-103
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• 2012

Two experiments examined how product evaluations were affected by country-of-origin information presented with varying amounts of product-specific information. Consistent with social judgeability theory, participants were more likely to make COO-based judgments, once they felt like they had product-specific information and they were motivated to conform their judgments to socially shared standards of validity. The results of each experiment revealed that the presentation of COO information alone was not sufficient to draw judgments based on COO stereotypes. The findings were discussed within the framework of social-psychological models of impression formation.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.98
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• pp.94-97
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• 2011

2010년 8월 오리고기 원산지 표시제가 제도화되어 시행중이다. 그러나 지난 연말 발생한 AI로 인해 오리고기 수급상황이 악화되면서 오리가격이 상승하였다. 그에 따라 중국산 훈제오리고기와 대만산 냉동오리의 수입량이 증가, 값싼 수입 오리고기를 재포장하여 국내산으로 둔갑 판매하거나 원산지 미표시 등 부정유통 사례가 크게 늘어나고 있다. 이에 협회는 국내 오리산업을 스스로 지키자는 취지에서 지난 5월 25일, 오리고기 유통 감시단을 발족하고 오리고기 원산지표시제의 조기정착을 위해 부정 유통 신고센터 운영을 본격 가동하고 있다. 지난 5월 전임 유통감시원으로 위촉된 김순이 양은선씨는 소비자 시민모임 회원으로 오리고기의 주요 소비처인 서울, 경기를 집중적으로 홍보 감시하면서 오리고기 원산지 표시제의 유통거래질서 확립에 기여하고 있다. 오리고기 유통감시원은 오리고기 원산지 표시 점검 및 부정유통을 감시함으로써 불법유통을 차단하고 오리고기 원산지표시제 정착을 위해 노력함은 물론 판매점 출입 시 명예감시원증을 제시, 방문목적을 밝히고 감시원으로서 품위를 유지하는 임무를 갖고 활동하고 있다. 오리고기 부정유통 사례를 막는 이들의 활동은 소비자와 오리 사육 농가를 보호하고, 올바른 정보전달을 통해 소비자의 신뢰를 구축할 수 있으며 이는 향후 오리고기 소비 확대에 기여할 수 있는 촉매의 역할이다. 평소 자발적으로 소비자 시민모임 활동에 참여하고 있는 김순이 양은선씨를 본지에서 만나봤다.