• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2016

Classic rationalist architecture came to play an important role in modern architectural discourse in the 1970s. But it has declined since the death of its most representative architects Aldo Rossi and O. M. Ungers. However, the phenomenon to be noted is that a new momentum was brought to the German architectural scene through some remarkable achievements by the disciples of Ungers after 2000. This study aims to read this phenomenon on the topography of german architecture and to catch out what potential it has to create balance in the international architectural debate. It is not the aim to analyze a single architect in detail, but to compare some important architects like Hans Kollhoff, Max Dudler, Eun-Young Yi and Uwe $Schr{\ddot{o}}der$. And further the study will try to give an overview of how far this phenomenon can change the topography of the German architectural scene. The buildings that have been examined here are Daimler Chrysler Building, Grimm Zentrum, Stuttgart City Library, and Haus Hundertacht. Through this study, it was found that some architects continue the attitude and the architectural languages of O. M. Ungers and develope their own unique architecture. And this phenomenon has the potential to influence todays architectural debate on a global scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.38-39
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• 1994

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

Oswald Mathias Ungers and Colin Rowe are likely to be classified as Neo-rationalists, Typologists, and Contextualists with Aldo Rossi and Krier brothers. In urban theory, Ungers and Rowe opposed modern urbanism and also rejected the methodology of mat-building and megastructure. Teaching at Cornell, Rowe suggested Collage City purposing the concept of Bricollage while Ungers advanced City in the City and Dialectic City. Their theories look similar, however, in detail, they strongly differ in interpretation from the context, plurality, and layer as well as the view of contemporary society and urbanism. Rowe, whose nostalgic approach adhered to Nolli's Rome, had a tendency toward formalist however, Ungers was a realist who was interested in the new type of modern city. The main objective of this study is to analyze the commonalities and differences between theses two urban theories carefully, to trace the causes of the differences in perspectives, and thereby to consider their impact on the present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2010

IMO adopt the revision of SOLAS convention on requirement systems for ECDIS and considered an ECDIS as the major system for E-Navigation strategy on marine transportation safety and environment protection. ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) as base map of ECDIS is considered as a principal information infrastructure that is essential for navigation tasks. But ENCs are not easy to utilize because they are encoded according to ISO/IEC 8211 file format, and ENCs is required to utilize in parts of Marine GIS and various marine application because they are used for navigational purpose mainly. Meanwhile Google earth is satellite map that Google company service, is utilized in all kinds of industry generally providing local information including satellite image, map, topography, 3D building information, etc. In this paper, we developed KML conversion technology for ENC application. details of development contents consist of ENC loading module and KML conversion module. Also, we applied this conversion technology to Korea ENC and evaluated the results.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

Koolhaas' perspective on urbanism differs from the modern urbanism and typological urbanism. The Melun-Senart masterplan, La $D{\acute{e}}fense$ masterplan shows unique characteristic different from that of conventional urbanism. The roots of this creative approach can be found in the traits of his research with O.M. Ungers back in the 1970s. Koolhaas and Ungers have collaborated intimately from 1972 to 1977 to work on urban projects. This collaboration reaches its cilmax in their project City in the City, where many of Koolhaas' core concepts such as archipelago, void/solid, plurality, infrastructure, congestion, and social condenser are introduced. This thesis will explore the development of these concepts in their collaboration and shed new light on how this period has made a transition into Koolhaas' perspective on urbanism and architecture as well as his works. The purpose of this study is to investigate these core concepts of Koolhaas in City in the City, and to find the development and the meaning of these concepts in his projects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.486-486
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• 2012

반도체 식각 공정에서 이온의 플럭스와 충돌 에너지를 각각 조절하고자 Dual frequency RF source가 사용된다. 듀얼 freuqnecy RF가 인가된 Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) 의 경우, 기판에 걸린 Low freuqency (LF) RF 소스에 의하여 이온의 에너지를 조절하고, High frequency (HF) 소스를 조절하여 이온의 플럭스를 조절하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 LF의 세기가 증가함에 따라서, 플라즈마의 밀도가 오히려 감소하는 문제점이 있었다. 이 경우, 약한 자장을 플라즈마에 걸어줌으로써 밀도가 감소되는 문제를 해결할 수 있다고 알려져 왔다. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) 에서는 HF를 안테나에 가하여 이온의 플럭스를 조절하고, LF를 기판에 가하여 이온의 충돌 에너지를 조절하는 것이 일반적인데, 위와 동일한 문제가 이 경우에도 발생하는 것을 확인 하였다. CCP와 마찬가지로, 바이어스에 걸린 파워의 세기가 증가함에 따라서 플라즈마의 밀도가 감소하고 전자의 온도가 증가하는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한 이때에도, 약한 자장을 걸어줌으로써 플라즈마의 밀도가 감소하지 않고 유지될 수 있으며, 전자의 온도 또한 유지될 수 있음을 발견하였다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

최근 전 세계가 COVID-19 팬데믹을 겪으면서 실세계 속 사회 및 문화 활동이 온라인 등 비대면으로 옮겨지며 비대면 사회활동 및 가치 창출을 위한 메타버스 플랫폼들이 생겨나기 시작하고 이들의 사회적 파급력 및 가치가 높아지고 있다. 메타버스 플랫폼에서 수행되는 사회 및 문화 활동의 가치가 높아짐에 따라 메타버스 플랫폼은 해커에게 '저비용 고효율'적인 공격 대상이 되어 메타버스의 안전성 및 보안성 이슈가 화두가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 메타버스 플랫폼을 대표하는 'ZEPETO^TM', 'Roblox^TM', '어스2^TM' 등의 메타버스 플랫폼에서 발생한 보안사고의 공격 지점 및 연관된 공격 체인을 조사하고 메타버스를 구성하고 있는 핵심 시스템 요소에 대한 위협벡터를 도출하였다. 본 연구 수행에서 활용한 방법론은 메타버스 플랫폼뿐만 아니라 신규 소프트웨어 기반 플랫폼이 출시될 때의 위협벡터를 도출하고 그에 따른 보안대책 수립을 위한 활용으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

IMO adopt the revision of SOLAS convention on requirement systems for ECDIS and considered an ECDIS as the major system for E-Navigation strategy on marine transportation safety and environment protection. ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) as the base map of ECDIS is considered as a principal information infrastructure that is essential for navigation tasks. Because ENCs are not easy to utilize for being encoded according to ISO/IEC 8211 file format, used for navigational purpose mainly, it's required to utilize in parts of Marine GIS and various marine application. In this paper, we developed KML conversion technology for ENC application. In details, we analyzed data model and encoding method of ENC, schema structure and data file of KML. Based on this results, we developed the program of KML conversion of ENCs.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 1993

The spatial potential distribution of electron cyclotron resonance plasma is measured as a function of tehsubstrate DC bias by Langmuir probe method. It is observed that the substrate DC bias changes the slope of the plasma potential near the subsrate, resulting in changes in flux and energy of the impinging ions across plasma $_strate boundary along themagnetric field. The effect of the substrate DC bias on the low-temperature silicon homoepitaxy (below $560^{\circ}C$) is examine dby in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM),plan-view TEM and high resolution transmision electron microscopy(HRTEM). While the polycrystalline silicon layers are grow withnegative substrate biases, the single crystaline silicon layers are grown with negative substrate biases, the singel crystalline silicon layers are grown with positive substrate biases. As the substrate bias changes form negative to positive values, the growth rate decreases. It is concluded that the control of the ion energy during plasma deposition is very important in silicon epitaxy at low temperatures below $560^{\circ}C$ by UHV-ECRCVD.VD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2001

We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities(abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys(n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory(abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achievement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual-school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness-satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly.