• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

At present the letter sizes of traffic sign are variously designated as 22 cm through 60 cm, however the basis for determination has not been found so far. Driver's visual acuity for getting a driver licence is required higher than 0.5. In order to interpret the information of traffic signs effectively, the minimum requirement of driver's visual acuity must be applied to determine the letter size of traffic sign. Therefore we reviewed that a driver with visual acuity of 0.5 could read the current letter sizes of traffic sign. In addition, a methodology was developed to determine the letter size of traffic sign satisfied with the driver's visual acuity of 0.5. This study established scenarios that were composed of visual acuity, reaction time, the number of lane and the letter sizes of traffic sign for each scenario were proposed. Current letter size of traffic sign would not be difficult for drivers with minimum visual acuity of 0.5 to recognize the contents or information of traffic signs. The method developed in this research has an advantage that can consider a human factor like driver's visual acuity for the design of traffic signs. There is also a meaning of making a basis for the letter size of traffic sign.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.102-111
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• 2012

Expresway traffic accident is fatal accident by high speed, especially human injury is a great social issue. This paper aims to identify characteristic differences of highway accidents that involve human injuries or not. To analysis the elements that affect the two types of accidents used the logistic regression model. The analysis showed that human injury accident rate is increased in case of straight road, flat, or cut-slope areas, barriers, male driver, and older driver. These results provide the ground for actions to counter the problems. By discovering factors for accidents leading to fatality, this study can provide important implications for authorities that establish highway safety measures and policies in preventing human injuries or deaths from car accidents.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2009

This study tries to develop model in order to assess personal factors of senior traffic accidents that are widely recognized as one of the social problems. For the current practice. it gathers data (Simulation & Questionnaire Survey) of KOTSA and conducts Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Analysis to develop traffic accident severity model. The results show that elderly drivers' accidents are mainly affected by attentiveness selection, velocity prediction ability and attentiveness distribution ability in a positive(+) way. Second, non-senior drivers' accidents are also positively(+) influenced by attentiveness selection, velocity prediction, distance perception, attentiveness distribution ability and attentiveness diversion ability. Therefore, influencing factors of senior and non-senior drivers to vehicle accidents are different. This eventually poses a indication that preliminary education for car accident prevention should be implemented based up[n the distinction between senior drivers and non-senior drivers.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.112-123
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• 2012

Different from general roads, intersections are the points where roads having different geometric structure and traffic operation system are met, and thereby they have complicated road structure and environmental factors. Various changes in driving patterns such as collision between vehicles approaching from roads adjacent to intersections, sudden stop of vehicles upon stop sign, quick start upon green lights kept increasing traffic accidents. It is known that traffic accidents are mainly derived from human factors. This study, in order to find out factors affecting drivers' behaviors within intersections, measured physiological responses such as brain wave, sight, driving speed, and so on by using state-of-the-art measuring device. As to concentration brain wave at individual intersections, it was found out that brain wave of testes was higher at main Arterial and accident-prone intersections compared with that of subsidiary Arterial. In addition, it was detected that drivers' visual activity was widely distributed at accident-prone intersections, meaning that it enhanced cautious driving from nearby vehicles. As to major factors causing drivers' workloads, factors from nearby vehicles such as deceleration, acceleration, lane change of nearby vehicles appeared as direct factors causing drivers' workloads, clarifying that these factors were closely related to causes of traffic accidents at intersections. Results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for evaluation of safety at intersections in consideration of physiological response of drivers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 1998

교통사고의 원인은 인적 요인, 차량적 요인, 도로 환경적 요인으로 분류된다. 주어진 도로 환경과 차량 조건하에서는 운전자가 마지막으로 안전을 제어할 책임을 지고 있다. 따라서, 교통사고를 사전에 예방하기 위하여 운전자의 교통법규 위반 행위에 대하여는 도로교통법에 근거하여 징역, 벌금, 구류, 과료, 과태료, 범칙금에 처하고 있다. 교통법규 위반 행위 단속 시에는 교통사고 유발 가능성과 위험도에 따라 단속의 강약을 포함하여 차등화된 처벌이 이루어져야 한다. 교통 범칙금 기준 제시를 위하여 1991~1995년의 5년간 교통사고 및 교통법규 위반을 분석한 결과 전체 교통법규 위반 단속 중 교통사고를 야기하는 동적 위반 행위인 사고관련 위반 행위 단속의 비율이 44%로 일본의 61%에 비해 매우 낮은 수준이다. 따라서 사고유발 가능성에 근거한 교통법규 위반 행위 단속의 강화가 필요하다. 한편 범칙금 부과방안으로 피해도 모형과 빈도 모형을 비교한 결과 교통법규 위반 행위로 인해 발생된 교통사고 비용을 고려한 피해도 모형은 범칙금의 차등화가 분명하지 않고 변별력이 뚜렷이 나타나지 않아 적합하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 교통법규 위반 행위에 따른 빈도 모형은 교통사고 건수와 사망사고 건수의 가중치(w)설정을 위해 동적 위반행위가 우리나라와 유사한 일본 자료와 비교한 결과 가중치가 한국=0.7, 일본=0.8일 때 상대적으로 $x^2$가 31.71로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 사고건수에 대한 가중치는 0.7로 사망사고에 대한 가중치는 0.3을 적용하였다. 마지막으로 현행 범칙금과 제안된 범칙금을 비교분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.3 s.81
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

Highway design criteria are considering roadway safety and smooth driving maneuver. However, a certain highway alignment within design criteria often leads drivers to undesirable situation due to the differences between the original intention of design criteria and the unintended result of drivers' cognition. The differences between them often result in traffic accidents. In order to reduce accident process, highway safety facilities are installed on those roadway sections. However, the relationship between highway environments and human factors has not been deeply studied in Korea. In this study. vertical roadway sections are constructed with 3-D graphical tools. This vertical roadway sections are simulated on a driving simulator in order to identify the differences of drivers' cognition on different roadway environments. Based upon the collected data from the driving simulator, canonical correlation analysis and canonical discriminant analysis of quantification theory II have been performed in order to figure out impacting factors on the degree of roadway safety. Also, based upon quantification theory I. the relationship between roadway safety facilities and the degree of safety has been analyzed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2012

This study focused on estimating influential factors of traffic accidents and analyzing traffic accident severity of elderly and non elderly using traffic accident data. In order to reclassify elderly and non elderly traffic accident by a statistical method from entire traffic accident data, multiple discriminant analysis was applied. Also ordered logit model was applied for analyzing traffic accident severities using traffic accident severities as an independent variable and transportation facilities, road conditions and human characteristics as dependent variables. As results of the comparison between elderly and non elderly traffic accident, the traffic accident severity was affected by the age, types of traffic accidents, human characteristics and road conditions as well. Also, transportation facilities and road conditions affected to more elderly traffic accident than non elderly. Therefore, traffic accident severity would be decreased with the improvement of transportation facilities and road conditions for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

신호교차로 교통사고는 90년대 이후 도시가 발달하고 산업이 고도화됨에 따라 교통 혼잡 문제와 함께 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 신호교차로의 교통사고는 인적요인, 차량요인, 환경적 요인 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생하는데, 교통량의 집중과 도로의 기하구조, 운전자 과실 등이 교통사고의 주요 인자로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서 교통사고 예측모형을 개발하기 위해서 2003년부터 2006년도까지 실제 경기도의 신호교차로에서 발생한 교통사고자료를 기초로 하였다. 구체적으로는 시내가 아닌 지방부 성격을 지닌 일반국도를 대상으로 하였다. 지방부 일반국도의 신호교차로 교통사고 분석에 단순통계분석과 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 사고와 관계가 높은 신호주기, 방향별 접근 교통량, 회전교통량 둥과 같은 도로, 교통, 운영조건들로 변수를 정하여 교통사고 예측모형을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 도로조건, 교통조건, 운영조건들과 사고와의 관계를 이용하여 경기도 일반국도의 신호교차로 교통사고예측모형을 개발하였고, 이는 지방부 성격을 지닌 교차로에 적용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

본 논문에서 교통 상해사고 위험요인들을 정량화하고, 위험요인들 중 교통 상해사고 원인에 가장 근접한 것이 무엇인가를 밝히려고 했다. 사례-조사 연구방법으로는 의학분야에서 많이 사용되는 환자-대조군 방법론을 채택하였다. 서울, 양평, 천안지역을 대상으로 1007년 중 입원환자를 중심으로 채혈조사와 설문조사를 통해 환자국 총 117건과 도로상에서의 일반운전자를 중심으로 호기 알콜테스트와 설문조사를 통한 대조군 총 483건을 수집하여 분석하였다. 승용차의 경우, 교통 상해사고 발생 위험요인으로 27개 항목들이 추출되고, 그 중 '도로의 부적합' 항목(RRR 값:4.057)을 포함 14개 항목이 교통 상해사고 원인에 가장 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 오토바이의 경우, 마찬가지 방법으로 최종적으로 '면허 보유기간' 항목(RRR값:3.733)을 선두로 하여 총 11개 항목이 교통 상해사고를 일으키는 원인에 가깝다는 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 두 경우 모두 인적 요인에 의한 결과피가 크기 때문에 이에 대한 경찰의 지속적인 단속이 필요함을 알 수 있었고, 상대위험도가 높게 나타난 순서대로 교통안전투자 우선순위에 정하면, 효율적인 교통 상해사고 감소를 기할 수 있으리라는 결론에 도달했다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.18-35
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• 2020

Many human, roadway, and vehicle factors affect vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Especially, the roadway factors are easily defined and suitable for suggesting countermeasures. The characteristics of the road network are one of the roadway factors. The road network significantly influences behaviors and conflicts of drivers and pedestrians. A metropolitan city such as Seoul contains various types of road networks, and crash prevention strategy considering characteristics of the road network is required. In this study, we analyze the effects of road networks on vehicle-pedestrian crashes. In the study, high order road ratio, intersection ratio, high-low intersection ratio are considered as road network variables. Using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression, crash frequencies in Dongs of Seoul are analyzed based on the road network variable as well as socioeconomic variables. As a result, Dongs are grouped by coefficient signs, and each group is suggested about improvement directions considering conflict situations.