• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2011

Purpose: We present a case of anterior glenoid rim comminuted fracture that was treated with arthroscopic reduction and an AO headless compression screw (HCS) fixation. Materials and Methods: A 31-year old man complained of left shoulder pain after falling down on stairs. The anterior glenoid comminuted fragments were arthroscopically reduced. Fixation with an AO HCS was done after placement of 1.1 mm Kirschner wire as a guide pin through a standard cannulated anterosuperior portal. Results: Twelve months after the operation, union of the fracture was achieved and the range of motion was fully recovered. He did not complain of any discomfort during his activities of daily living. Conclusion: An AO HCS had various screw sizes and this was good for fixation of a small glenoid fracture and a long drill bit and screw driver were useful for fixation of deep seated glenoid fracture. A short guide wire could be replaced by a 1.1 mm K-wire. An AO HCS was useful for fixation of an anterior glenoid rim comminuted fracture.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

In an effort to determine the combined effects of major parameters of heat exchanger tubes on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in the scaled in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST), a total of 1,966 data for q'quot; versus ${\Delta}T$ has been obtained using various combinations of tube diameters, surface roughness, and tube orientations. The experimental results show that (1) increased surface roughness enhances heat transfer for both horizontal and vertical tubes, (2) the two heat transfer mechanisms, i.e.,enhanced heat transfer for both horizontal and vertical tubes, (2) the two heat transfer mechanisms, i.e., enhanced heat transfer due to liquid agitation by bubbles generated and reduced heat transfer by the formation of large vapor slugs and bubble coalescence are different in two regions of low heat fluxes (q'quot; $\leq$50kW/$m^2)$ and high heat fluxes (q'quot; $\geq$50kW/$m^2)$ depending on the orientation of tubes and the degree of surface roughness, and (3) the heat transfer rate decreases as the tube diameter is increased for both horizontal and vertical tubes, but the effect of tube diameter on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer for vertical tubes is greater than that for horizontal tubes. Two empirical heat transfer correlations for q'quot;, one for horizontal tubes and the other for vertical tubes, are obtained in terms of surface roughness $({\varepsilon})$ and tube diameter (D). In addition, a simple empirical correlation for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient $(h_b)$ is obtained as a function of heat flux (q'quot;) only.ucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient $(h_b)$ is obtained as a function of heat flux (q'quot;) only.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the breeding status of farms to improve the production efficiency of Hanwoo calf. The study was conducted on 45 farms divided into two groups. This study was conducted to investigate the breeding size and breeding area of Hanwoo cows. The average age at first delivery of Hanwoo was 28.7 months. The number of artificial insemination per pregnancy was $1.45{\pm}0.32$, and the number of artificial insemination days after birth was 119.8 days. Conception rates were $75.2{\pm}16.93%$ for small farms and $70.6{\pm}17.46%$ for medium sized farms and $71.4{\pm}11.03%$ for large farms. When we looked at farming methods, 'the farmers using estrus observation aids' had 10.42% higher calf production rate than the 'unused farmers'. The farms vaccinated with IBR and BVDV for breeding cattle showed a 4.41% decrease in abortion, stillbirth and mortality. According to farming conditions, conception rate and delivery rate improved by 3.47% and 18.29%, respectively, when grazing and exercising were performed. Observation, immunization and grazing were found to be important indicators for improving calf production efficiency in Hanwoo farm. This study can be used as a research data to improve the reproductive rate of farmhouse sites through the survey on the breeding status of Hanwoo farmers.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.79-107
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• 2014

The concept of school violation has become today the key word in the korean society. The educational journalist started to debate gravely the seriousness of the problem from the early 1990. But with the time, the aspect of school violation has been varied and deteriorated. So, many people say this is not the problem that the only school and the local society have to deal with, but the one that the entire national authority has to do. This movement had the national assembly make the law and alternative instrument of national dimension. However, in spite of various alternative of school, society and government, it is not only the case that the aspect of school violation have been ferocious and organized, but also that assailant and victim has moved from middle and high school student to elementary school student. According to recent researches, the sacrificed children who have experienced the violation, have possibility that they could be assailant as much as their agony. It is therefore very important to construct the program which will prevent the violation of elementary school student. In oder to this purposes, I will firstly try to illuminate the concept of Lacan's subject, secondly to analyze the aspects and the causes of school violation, thirdly to dispute the main alternatives presented to prevent the school violation, lastly to construct a new program in terms of constructivist disciple, psychoanalytic moral education that will prevent elementary school student from causing violence.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.107-129
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• 2016

In modern history, there have been several kinds of continental unions or supranational politico-economic unions in the world, such as the United Nations, the European Union, the Union of South American Nations, the African Union, etc. Modern thinkers proposed many pan-isms on their continental base, for example, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Latin Americanism, Pan-Asianism, Pan-Celtism, etc. What is the most common in these pan-isms is that a continental union would be a politico-economic system to overcome the limits of the modern state-nation and to realize a long and happy relationship between member nations and continents. However, the concept of a supranational union differs from that of cosmopolitanism, in that the former presupposes the common cultural and historical heritage in the concerned region or continent. Ngugi wa Thinog'o' Pan-Africanism implies two keywords that are connected to his concepts such as 'decentralization' and 'African languages.' Pan-Africanism supposes that Africa may gain benefits from the union of African nations under the umbrella of anti-colonial efforts to down size the Euro-American influences. Moreover, using African languages enhances self-reliance and self-imagination among the African people. For in the former colonial regimes, the European colonial languages, such as English, French, or Portuguese, were central to the dissemination of European culture and modernity. Ngugi asserts that the African peripheralized languages could reinstate the African cultural heritage and propose an alternative to the Western modernity.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

In this study, the operational characteristics of a cam-type vegetable transplanter which usually used in domestic was analyzed and operating mechanism of a transplanting device was analyzed. The main components and power path of the transplanter were analyzed. The maximum and minimum control cycles according to the moving speed and the plant spacing were analyzed. 3D modeling and simulation were performed to derive the trajectory of the bottom end of the transplanting hopper and the plant spacing at the each operating condition. The simulation results were verified by the field tests. As main findings of this study, the transplanting device has one degree of freedom (DOF) which consist of 13 links, 17 rotating joints and 1 half joint, and each part has composite structure with cam and links. By continuous and repetitive motion of the structures of transplanting device, the transplanting hopper plants the seedling in the ground with a vertical direction, and the seedling was planted stably. The power is transmitted to the driving part and transplanting device from the engine, and the maximum and minimum plant spacing of the transplanting device were about 900 mm and 350 mm, respectively.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.256-270
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• 2020

The collapse of the medical and healthcare system in the pandemic is resulting in the voluntary participation of civil society and a new way of responding. Some of new countermeasure can be immediately utilized at the forefront of the health crisis. Appropriate technology is no longer an intermediate technology, demonstrating its role as a technology capable of overcoming the crisis of not only developing countries but also any countries where the health system has collapsed. In this Part 2, examples of health fields such medical devices as negative pressure chambers and ventilators, diagnostic chips, and diagnostic techniques, are being discussed as a quick response to the collapse of health systems under COVID-19, within the framework of appropriate technologies. Finally, the important role of scientists and engineers is discussed for the prevention of severe impacts on the vulnerable people in terms of socioeconomic status.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-185
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effect of Kegel exercise using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) for 2 weeks on maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and abdominal muscle thickness based on previous studies. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20 healthy female students in their 20s. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Eleven subjects were assigned to the experimental group (EG) and 9 subjects were assigned to the control group (CG). Subjects measured MVV with a spirometer. In hooklying position, transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) of the dominant side were measured using ultrasound. For the measurement value, the average value of three times was adopted. After 2 weeks of intervention, the measurements were measured in the same way. In the EG, pelvic setting training using PBU was performed before Kegel exercise. The PBU was first placed at the waist in the Kegel exercise position and the starting pressure was set at 40 mmHg and adjusted to 60 mmHg through pelvic floor muscle contraction. After performing pelvic control using PBU, Kegel exercise was performed with 8 seconds of contraction, 8 seconds of relaxation, and 3 sets of 10 reps per set. A significance level of 𝛼=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : In the variable of MVV, a significant increase was confirmed in the EG (p<.05). In the abdominal muscle thickness variable, significant increases were confirmed in IO and TrA in the EG (p<.05). In addition, a significant increase in IO was confirmed in the CG (p<.05). Significant increases in IO and TrA were confirmed between groups (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the previous study, this study confirmed that Kegel exercise using a PBU had a positive effect on MVV and abdominal muscle thickness based on a 2-week intervention.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.256-270
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• 2023

In this study, a sliding mode (SM) controller for dynamic positioning (DP) was specifically designed for a turret connection operation of a ship or an offshore structure in which an arbitrary point on the structure could be controlled as the motion center instead of the center of mass. The SM controller allows control of the arbitrary point and provides capability to manage uncertainties in the dynamics of ships and offshore structures, external forces caused by unknown changing marine environments, and transient performance of DP systems. The Jacobian matrix included in kinematic equations of the controlled object was modified to design the SM controller to control based on an arbitrary point of ships or offshore structures. To ensure robustness of the controller, the Lyapunov stability theory was applied in the design of the SM controller. In general, for robustness in DP control, gain scheduling based on a proportional-derivative (PD) control algorithm is employed. However, finding appropriate gains for gain scheduling complicates the application of DP systems. Therefore, in this study, the SM control algorithm was considered to mitigate the complexity of the DP controller for ships and offshore structures. To validate the proposed SM control algorithm, time-domain simulations were conducted and utilized to evaluate the performance of the control algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed SM controller was assessed by comparing simulation results with results of a conventional PD control algorithm applied in DP control.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.477-498
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• 2010

The Reasons which Rose Revolution, Orange Revolution, and Lemon Revolution had been much argued in international society are as follows: Firstly, the important fact was that authoritarian governments in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan were collapsed not by physical violences and military forces, but by unblooded civil movements, so called Civil Revolution. And it is also called as Colorful Revolution. Secondly, during the advance of three Civil Revolution, hegemony conflicts between Russia and western powers including US appeared. In fact, tensions between the two countries, Russia and US had already occurred in Post-soviet region after dissolution of Soviet Union. Thirdly, as a result of three Civil Revolution, there were built up fullest attentions in international societies about the possibilities of other civil revolutions, that is to say, 'Colorful Revolution' among the countries which were the republics of former USSR. In this respect, in this investigation of Lemon Revolution in Kyrgyzstan as like Rose Revolution in Georgia and Orange Revolution in Ukraine, this article examined the roles and supports toward NGOs of Western powers including US. To my opinion, it is likely that NGOs, with powerful sponsors, become political bodies working through networks and media rather than being rooted in civil society and acting on behalf of citizens. And that powerful sponsors, directly or indirectly financed by outside governments, become involved in political activities. So NGOs have been important roles in promoting civil revolution as political agencies and more political instruments of foreign governments. In the long run, through the Colorful Revolution, it is better to understand that hegemony struggle is beginning between external concerned superpowers including US and Russia, rather than hegemony struggle having directly broke out.