• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultivation period and rockwool block size on the growth and early yield of paprika transplants grown in a closed transplant production system. Paprika seeds were sown and germinated in three different size of rockwool blocks ($45{\times}40{\times}35$, $70{\times}70{\times}60$, $100{\times}100{\times}65mm$) and cultivated in a closed transplant production system for 23, 30, and 37 days after sowing. Paprika transplants were cultivated using $100{\times}100{\times}65mm$ rockwool blocks in a greenhouse following a conventional and typical production method for comparing with the growth of paprika transplants grown in a closed transplant production system. Also, we transplanted paprika transplants grown for 23, 30, and 37 days in a closed transplant production system and greenhouse to rockwool slabs and investigated fresh weight of fruits and yield 125 days after sowing. The growth of paprika transplants grown in $70{\times}70{\times}60mm$ rockwool blocks in a closed transplant production system was highest, and the quality of paprika transplant grown in a closed transplant production system was better than in a greenhouse. Rockwool block size and cultivation period in a closed transplant production system did not affect fresh weight of fruits, however, yield was largest when paprika transplants were cultivated using $70{\times}70{\times}60$ and $100{\times}100{\times}65mm$ rockwool blocks for 23 days in a closed transplant production system. These results suggest that decreasing rockwool block size and cultivation period can be strategically used to enhance transplant quality and yield of paprika, as paprika transplants were cultivated in a closed transplant production system.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2004

This study conducted to find out the best way to prolong green period of Zoysiagrass and Cool-season grass from 1999 to 2001 in Korea. Treatments were control, vinyl, black shade net, green shade net, black shade net+vinyl, green shade net+vinyl, vinyl+black shade net, and vinyl+green shade net for Zoysiagrass. For cool-season grass, treatments were control, non-punched vinyl and punched vinyl. Data on temperature, light intensity, humidity, leaf color and chlorophyll were collected. Plot size was 2 by 2 and the experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with three replication. Zoysiagrass Green period of Zoysiagrass depended on temperature and light intensity than humidity. Effective method of prolongation of green period in Zoysiagrass was to covered it with vinyl during early October to early November, and then using vinyl+black shade net from end of November. Cool-season grass Effective method of prolongation of green period in Cool-season grass was by covering it with vinyl during mid-November to mid-December, and then using vinyl+black shade net from end of December.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.4 s.346
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

AlN thin films have been fabricated by using RF magnetron sputtering method and their crystal orientations, microstructures and piezoelectric properties have been investigated with variation of the $Ar/N_2$ gas ratio and the substrate temperature. Particularly, when the $Ar/N_2$ gas ratio and the substrate temperature are 10/10 (sccm) and $400^{\circ}C$, respectively, the AlN thin film exhibits the highest (002) orientation. The result of the surface roughness measurement by using AFM shows that the surface roughness becomes better as the partial pressure of $N_2$ increases at the substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and it becomes the smallest value of 2.1 nm when $Ar/N_2$ is 0/20 (sccm). The AFM measurement also shows that when $Ar/N_2$ is 10/10 (sccm) shows that surface roughness becomes better as the substrate temperature increases from room temperature up to $300^{\circ}C$ and then it becomes worse as the substrate temperature goes up from $300^{\circ}C$. At the substrate temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and $Ar/N_2$=10/10 (sccm), the surface roughness is 3.036 nm. The piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}$) of AlN thin film is measured by Pneumatic probe method. The measurement shows that the AlN thin film with the highest (002) orientation, fabricated at $Ar/N_2$=10/10 (sccm) and the substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$, has the best Piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}$) of 6.01 pC/N.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

Purpose Recently, the performance of PET/CT scanner has been improved and various techniques have been developed to increase the image quality such as Sensitivity and Resolution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Q.Clear (a fully convergent iterative reconstruction) technique of GE Discovery IQ equipment to enhance the image quality. Materials and Methods All scans were acquired by Discovery IQ (GE Healthcare, MI, USA). In NEMA IEC Body Phantom test, Background to Hot-sphere (10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm) ratio was 1:4 and scan time was 3 minutes. The images were reconstructed by VPHDs (VUE Point High-Definition + SharpIR) and Q.Clear to evaluate each Contrast. We injected 18F-FDG 187 M㏃ to PET/SPECT Performance Phantom. And then it was scanned for 4 minutes to evaluate Resolution and Uniformity. T-test statistical analysis was performed on SUVmax of small lesions less than 2 cm in 100 clinical patients regardless of disease type. Results In the NEMA IEC Body Phantom, the Contrast was $63.6{\pm}5.7%$ (VPHDs) and $75{\pm}4.8%$ (Q.Clear). In the PET/SPECT Performance Phantom, the Resolution was 9.2 mm (VPHDs) and 7.3 mm (Q.Clear). Uniformity of Q.Clear was 10.8% better than VPHDs. T-test statistic of the clinical patients showed a significant difference of p value of 0.021. Conclusion Both the phantom test and the clinical results showed that the quality of the image was improved in Q.Clear was applied. The SUVmax was highly measured in Q.Clear and the lesions were clearly distinguished visually. Therefore Q.Clear can be useful in various aspects such as dose-reduction, patients evaluation and image analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 1994

As a vegetative propagation method for ash species, which is a dioecism and a long cycle of fructification, cut-stem was soaked in water to induce adventitious sprouts, and 2-year-old ash seedling was cut in a nursery to induce adventitious sprouts. We obtained the 1,019 adventitious sprouts from branches of 101 plus trees througout the country. The mean ortet-age is 48. There is not a correlation between ortet ages and production of adventitious sprouts. These sprouts were placed in a cutting bed for rooting. Root ability varied with environmental factors of cuttings. The best rooting(87%) resulted from cutting performed in a vinyl-plastic greenhouse. Rooting was better on perlite+peat moss(2 : 1) medium than other media tested. The rooting ability was generally higher in 2-year-old ortet than plus tree ortet. In the root development of cuttings the non-container cuttings was better than container cuttings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.57-58
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• 2011

III-V족 화합물 반도체의 일종인 InSb는 77 K에서 0.23 eV의 작은 밴드 갭을 가지며 높은 전하 이동도를 가지고 있기 때문에 대기권에서 전자파 흡수가 일어나지 않는 3~5 ${\mu}m$범위의 장파장 적외선 감지가 가능하여 중적외선 감지 소자로 이용되고 있다. 하지만 InSb는 밴드 갭이 매우 작기 때문에, 소자 제작시 누설전류에 의한 소자 특성의 저하가 문제시 되고 있다. 또한 다른 화합물 반도체에 비해 녹는점이 낮고, 휘발성이 강한 5족 원소인 Sb의 승화로 기판의 화학양론적 조성비(stoichiometry)가 변하기 쉬워, 계면특성 저하의 원인이 된다. 따라서 우수한 특성을 가지는 적외선 소자의 구현을 위해서, 저온에서 계면 특성이 우수한 고품질의 절연막 증착 연구가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 InSb 기판 위에 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$의 절연막 형성시 증착온도의 변화에 따른 계면 트랩 밀도를 분석하였다. $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 절연막은 플라즈마 화학 기상 증착법(PECVD)을 이용하여 n형 InSb 기판 위에 증착하였으며, 증착온도를 $120^{\circ}C$부터 $240^{\circ}C$까지 변화시켰다. Metal oxide semiconductor(MOS) 구조 제작을 통하여, 커패시턴스-전압(C-V)분석을 진행하였으며, 절연막과 InSb 사이의 계면 트랩 밀도를 Terman method를 이용하여 계산하였다[1]. 또한, $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$의 XPS 분석과 TOF-SIMS 분석을 통하여 계면 트랩 밀도의 원인을 밝혀 보았다. $120{\sim}240^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 계면 트랩 밀도는 $Si_3N_4$의 경우 $2.4{\sim}4.9{\times}10^{12}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}$, $SiO_2$의 경우 $7.1{\sim}7.3{\times}10^{11}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}$ 값을 나타냈고, 두 절연막 모두 증착 온도가 증가할수록 계면 트랩 밀도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 모든 샘플에서 $Si_3N_4$의 경우, flat band voltage가 음의 전압으로 이동한 반면, $SiO_2$의 경우, 양의 전압으로 이동하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 계면 트랩 밀도 증가의 원인을 확인하기 위해서, oxide를 $120^{\circ}C$, $240^{\circ}C$에서 증착시킨 샘플을 XPS 분석을 통하여 깊이에 따른 성분분석을 하였고, 그 결과, $240^{\circ}C$에서 증착된 샘플에서 계면에서 $In_2O_3$와 $Sb_2O_3$ 피크의 증가를 확인하였다. 이는 계면에서 oxide양이 증가함을 의미하며, 이렇게 생성된 oxide는 계면 트랩으로 작용하므로, 계면 특성을 저하시키는 원인으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Nitride 절연막을 증착시킨 샘플은 TOF-SIMS 분석을 통해, 계면에서의 성분 분석을 하였고, 그 결과, $240^{\circ}C$에서 증착된 샘플에서 In-N, Sb-N, Si-N 결합의 감소를 확인하였다. 이렇게 분해된 결합들의 dangling 결합이 늘어 계면 트랩으로 작용하므로, 계면 특성을 저하시키는 원인으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 최종적으로, 소자특성을 확인 하기 위하여 계면 트랩 밀도가 가장 낮게 측정된 $200^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 $SiO_2$ 절연막을 증착하여 InSb 적외선 소자를 제작하였다. 전류-전압(I-V) 분석 결과 -0.1 V에서 16 nA의 누설 전류 값을 보였으며, $2.6{\times}10^3{\Omega}cm^2$의 RoA(zero bias resistance area)를 얻을 수 있었다. 절연막 증착조건의 최적화를 통하여, InSb 적외선 소자의 특성이 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2003

Surface energy and $CO_2$ fluxes have been measured over a farmland in Haenam, Korea since July 2002. Eddy covariance technique, which is the only direct flux measurement method, was employed to quantitatively understand the interaction between the farmland ecosystem and the atmospheric boundary layer. Maintenance of eddy covariance system was the main concern during the early stage of measurement to minimize gaps and uncertainties in the dataset. Half-hourly averaged $CO_2$ concentration showed distinct diurnal and seasonal variations, which were closely related to changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of $CO_2$. Daytime maximum $CO_2$ uptake was about -1.0 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in August whereas nighttime $CO_2$ release was up to 0.3 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ during the summer. Both daytime $CO_2$ uptake and nighttime release decreased gradually with season. During the winter season, NEE was from near zero to 0.05 mg $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ . FK site was a moderate sink of atmospheric $CO_2$ until September with daily NEE of 22 g $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$ . In October, it became a weak source of $CO_2$ with an emission rate of 2 g $CO_2$ m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$ . Long-term flux measurements will continue at FK site to further investigate inter-annual variability in NEE. to better understand these exchange mechanism and in-depth analysis, process-level field experiments and intensive short-term intercomparisons are also expected to be followed.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.31-61
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• 2010

This thesis proposes to explore the theatre aesthetics of North-Korea during after the Liberation. From now South-Korean theorists have provided the theatre aesthetics of North-Korea to South-Korea, so we can say that it lacks of an equity. For example, South-theorists have said that North-Korean theatre only emphasized politics and propaganda, they have had not any aesthetics in performance. So this study focused on North-Korean critics and records for fairness and as a result something new is founded. The best theatres in North-Korea were some works which contains natural and proper lines to character, well-expressed inner desires of characters, realistic acting and stage design, and realistic life of working class. Of course they should reflect communist ideology and policy, but more important is that it did not mean everything in North-Korea. So we can say that it is fact that North-Korea should reflect their policy, which does not mean lack of aesthetics of performance. North-Korea had an obvious point of view for theatre, and they made an effort to realistic lines, movements and stage. During right after the Liberation, North Korea sought to find an answer for 'realization of true life', and sought to eliminate Japanese acting style in theatre. Concluded theatre aesthetics of North-Korea during right after the Liberation is realistic acting and directing style.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), which is a dust waste generated in the steel manufacturing process, contains heavy metals. Recently, researches of recycling a large amount of valuable metals such as zinc and iron in EAFD are being actively carried out. In this study, EAFD is used as a substitute for cobalt in blue ceramic pigments without any pretreatment. Then, the synthesized blue ceramic pigment using EAFD was micronized and formulated as a ceramic ink for inkjet printer. The particle size distribution, crystal structure and color characteristics during the micronization process were investigated for the development of ceramic ink. $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments showed excellent blue coloric properties and monomodal distribution through micronization process. The average particle size of $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments after 3 hours of milling was $0.271{\mu}m$, which is smaller than $0.303{\mu}m$, which is the average particle size of $CoAl_2O_4$ ceramic pigments without EAFD after 5 hours of milling. Especially, it was confirmed that $Co_{0.75}Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Al_2O_4$ ceramic pigments showed a color difference (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$) value of 5.67, which smaller than ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ value of $CoAl_2O_4$ during micronization. These results show that EAFD can be used as a raw material for a blue ceramic pigment by replacing expensive cobalt without any pretreatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.72-87
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• 2022

For the sustainable development and conservation of the national land, planned development and efficient environmental conservation must be accompanied. To this end, it is possible to induce development and conservation to harmonize by deriving factors affecting development through analysis of previously developed areas and applying appropriate management measures to areas with high development pressure. In this study, the relationship between the area where the land cover changed from forest to urbanization and various social, geographical, and restrictive factors was implemented in a regression formula through logistic regression analysis, and potential development sites were analyzed for Yongin City. The factor that has the greatest impact on the analysis of potential development area is the restrict factors such as Green Belt and protected areas, and the factor with the least impact is the population density. About 148km²(52%) of Yongin-si's forests were analyzed as potential development area. Among the potential development sites, the area with excellent environmental value as a protected area and 1st grade on the Environment Conservation Value Assessment Map was derived as about 13km². Protected areas with high development potential were riparian buffer zone and special measurement area, and areas with excellent natural scenery and river were preferred as development areas. Protected areas allow certain actions to protect individual property rights. However, there is no clear permit criteria, and the environmental impact of permits is not understood. This is identified as a factor that prevents protected areas from functioning properly. Therefore, it needs to be managed through clear exception permit criteria and environmental impact monitoring.