• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.37-39
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• 2001

반도체 설계는 급속한 기능 추가와 기가 헬쯔에 육박하는 고속 동작에 부응하는 제품의 설계와 빠른 출시를 위하여 다방면의 연구를 거듭하고 있다. 하지만, 인터넷과 정보 가전의 모바일 기기에서 요구하는 폭발적인 기능의 추가와 가전기기의 최소화를 위하여서는 그 요구를 감당하지 못하고 있다. 이를 위한 방안으로 설계 재활용과 System-On-Chip의 설계가 수년 전부터 대두되었으나 아직 큰 실효를 거두지 못하고 있다. SoC설계는 다기능을 한 칩에 구성하는 방법을 시도하고 있고, 설계 재활용은 기존의 설계(IP)를 다른 것과 혼합하여 필요한 기능을 제공하는 방법이 시도되고 있다. 이 두가지의 VLSI 설계 방식 흐름을 가능하도록 하기 위한 연구로써, 레이아웃 이식에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. IP 재활용을 위하여서는 다양한 공정변화에 신속히 대응하고, 기존의 설계 설계규칙으로 설계된 면을 현재의 공정인 0.25um, 0.18um 테크놀러지에 맞도록 변환하는 VLSI 소프트웨어 시스템을 필요로 한다. 레이아웃 설계도면을 분석하여 소자 및 배선을 인식하는 알고리즘을 연구와 개발하고, 도면을 첨단 테크놀러지의 설계 규칙에 부응하도록 타이밍, 소비 전력, 수율을 고려한 최적의 소자 및 배선의 크기를 조절하는 방법을 고안하며, 칩 면적을 최적화할 수 있는 컴팩션 알고리즘을 개발하여 레이아웃 설계 도면을 이식할 수 있는 자동화 소프트웨어 시스템을 연구하였다. 더불어, 현재 반도체 소프트웨어 시스템의 최대 문제점에 해당하는 처리 속도와 도면의 처리 능력을 비교, 검토하여 본 연구가 속도면에서 평균 27배 효율면에서 3배 이상의 상대우위를 점하였다.전송과 복원이 이루어질 것이다.하지 않은 경우 단어 인식률이 43.21%인 반면 표제어간 음운변화 현상을 반영한 1-Best 사전의 경우 48.99%, Multi 사전의 경우 50.19%로 인식률이 5~6%정도 향상되었음을 볼 수 있었고, 수작업에 의한 표준발음사전의 단어 인식률 45.90% 보다도 약 3~4% 좋은 성능을 보였다.으로서 hemicellulose구조가 polyuronic acid의 형태인 것으로 사료된다. 추출획분의 구성단당은 여러 곡물연구의 보고와 유사하게 glucose, arabinose, xylose 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.896-904
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• 2023

The texturization characteristics of textured vegetable protein (TVP) were investigated based on the extent of soybean decoating during the pretreatment of defatted soybean flour used for TVP. The raw materials for TVP consisted of 50% defatted soybean flour, 30% gluten, and 20% corn starch. The weight ratios of soybean seed coat to soybean flour were 9%, 6%, 3%, and zero. Extrusion was performed using an extruder equipped with a cooling die, maintaining a barrel temperature of 190℃ and screw speed of 250 rpm, Water was injected at a rate of 9 rpm using a metering pump. Regarding the textures of the extruded TVPs produced from defatted soybean flour, an increase in the soybean seed coat content led to a decrease in the apparent fibrous structural layer and an increase in hardness. However, there were no significant changes in elasticity and cohesion. Moreover, as the soybean seed coat content increased, the pH of TVPs decreased. A higher soybean seed coat content also tended to lower the moisture content, increasing water absorption, solids elution, and turbidity. These results suggest that an increased seed coat content reduces the proportion of protein, and the fibers present in the seed coats prevent texturization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.272-285
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• 1987

In order to obtain the data for the effective separation and purification of lysozyme from egg white, optimal conditions for the homogenization of egg white and lysozyme activities of some fresh hen eggs were examined. The recovery and purity of lysozyme isolated by the direct crystallization method, the adsorption with Bentonite and the batch method with Duolite were also investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. On the homogenization of egg white, optimal stirring time and stirring rate for the measurement of the lysozyme activities were found to be 10 min. and 2,000 rpm respectively. 2. On the activities of lysozyme in the fresh hen eggs, the activities of W. Leghorn was greater than that of R. Island or Ogol fowl, and the activities of the thick white was a little greater than that of the thin white. 3. The residual lysozyme activities of the hen eggs stored at $4^{\circ}C$ was greater than that of the ones stored at $25^{\circ}C$ or $-20^{\circ}C$ over the storage periods. 4. Hen egg lysozyme recrystallized three times by the method of direct crystallization showed the recovery of 64.3% and the increase of 29 fold in specific activities. 5. By the adsorption method with bentonite, lysozyme in the egg white was adsorbed to 95.7%, and the elution rate of the ones adsorbed was 89.1%, and the increase in specific activities was 13 fold. 6. In the experiment exploying duolite as an adsorbent, Jysozyme in the egg white was obtained with the bound rate of 97%, the recovery rate of 84.8%, and was purified by 30fold.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 1971

Samples of refined soybean oil were irradiated with lights from a 20-watt incandescent tungsten lamp, a 20-watt fluorescent daylight type lamp, a 20-watt low-pressure mercury vapor germicidal lamp, and direct sunlight for an experimental period of 147 days. Some samples were stored in a dark room throughout the period as a control. The peroxide values of all samples were measured every week. The induction period of the samples was arbitrarily taken as the time required for the samples to reach a peroxide value of 15. The induction period of the control was estimated at 198 days. Those of the samples irradiated with the incandescent light, the fluorescent light, the ultraviolet light, and the sunlight were estimated at 196, 119, 52 and 6 days, respectively. The sunlight showed by far the strongest prooxidant activity whereas the incandescent light showed the weakest but distinct prooxidant activity. The small temperature differences observed among the various samples throughout the experimental period did not seem to affect the oxidation rates of the irradiated samples in any significant way.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2013

In this study, alginate beads containing birnessite (Bir-AB), a highly reactive oxidative catalyst for the transformation of phenolic compounds, was prepared and its 1-naphthol (1-NP) removal efficiency was investigated in a batch test. Based on scanning electron microscopy image, it can be inferred that the alginate gel cluster acts as a bridge which bind the birnessite particles together. Kinetic experiment with Bir-AB of different mixing ratios of birnessite to alginate (Bir : AG=0.25 : 1~1 : 1 w/w) indicate that pseudo-first order kinetic constants, $k(hr^{-1})$ for the 1-NP removals increased about 1.5 times when the birnessite mixing ratio was doubled. The removals of 1-NP was found to be dependent on solution pH and the pesudo-first order rate constants were increased from 0.331 $hr^{-1}$ at pH 10 to 0.661 $hr^{-1}$ at pH 4. The analysis of total organic carbon for the reaction solutions showed that a higher removal of dissolved organic carbon was achieved with Bir-AB as compared to birnessite. HPLC chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract after reaction of 1-NP with Bir-AB suggest that the reaction products could be removed through incorporation into the aliginate beads as a bound residue. Mn ions produced from the oxidative transformation of 1-NP by birnessite were also removed by sorption to Bir-AB. The Bir-AB was recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and was reused twice without significant loss of the initial reactivity.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2014

In this study, the $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was made form ferro-nickel slag and then used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The experiments were in the order as leaching step, precipitation, carbonation experiments. According to the leaching results, the optimal leaching conditions were $H_2SO_4$ concentration of 1 M and the temperature of 333 K. In the $Mg(OH)_2$ manufacturing step, NaOH was added to increase the pH upto 8, the first precipitation was confirmed as $Fe_2O_3$. After removal the first precipitation, the pH was upto 11, the $Mg(OH)_2$ was generated by XRD analysis. The $Mg(OH)_2$ slurry was used for $CO_2$ sequestration. The pseudo-second-order carbonation model was used to apply for $CO_2$ sequestration. The $CO_2$ sequestration rate was increased by the $CO_2$ partial pressure and temperature. However, $CO_2$ sequestration rate was decreased when temperature upto 323 K. After $CO_2$ sequestrated by $Mg(OH)_2$, the $CO_2$ can be sequestrated stable as $MgCO_3$. This study also presented optimal sequestration condition was the pH upto 8.38, the maximum $MgCO_3$ can be generated. This study can be used as the basic material for $CO_2$ sequestration by ferro-nickel slag at pilot scale in the future.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 1992

Studies on the distribution of nitrogenous compounds, and respiratory oxygen consumption rate were carried out in Masan Bay, Korea where large amount of industrial and domestic wastewaters are discharged. In August 1986 the surface layer was significantly influenced by freshwater input. Below the seasonal pycnocline, an oxygen-deficient condition developed in a large area of Masan Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DON and PN were 735.6, 1261.8 and 48.5 umol/l at the head, and 79.1, 73.0 and 39.5 umol/l at the mouth of the inner Masan Bay, respectively. Phytoplankton carbon production was 2,695 mgC/m$^2$/day at the mouth of inner Masan Bay. Dissolved oxygen contents were lower than 1 ml/l from 3 m depth in inner Masan Bay and from 10 m depth in the outer Masan Bay. The high concentration of ammonium and phosphate in the lower layer suggests the active degradation of organic materials in the bottom waters and leaching from sediments. The ERS activity was 232.1 ul O$_2$/l/h in the surface waters of the innermost part of Masan Bay and respiratory oxygen consumption is likely to proceed at a rate of 442 ml O$_2$/m$^2$/day in the bottom waters of this bay. Nitrate removal rate was estimated to be 0.25 umol/l/day via denitrification in the bottom waters of the Masan Waterway. It is estimated from the ETS activity that, at the mouth of inner Masan Bay, 9.3-10.5% of carbon fixed in the upper layer was decomposed below the themocline.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2016

Chloride ions ingress continuously in reinforced concrete through pores of it by $Cl^-$. Finally, it causes a localized corrosion of the rebar and then it generates cracks on concrete structures. Recently, new materials removing harmful anions have been developed. Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) has an excellent ability to remove harmful anions because various anions can be adsorbed in the interlayer space between divalent and trivalent cations. Thus, LDHs has been applied in various fields. Especially, LDHs is expected to be effective adsorbent binding chloride ions. In this study, $Ca/Al-NO_3$ and $Mg/Al-NO_3$ LDHs were prepared by using a co-precipitation method. $Ca/Al-NO_3$ and $Mg/Al-NO_3$ LDHs were compared and analyzed by using XRD, SEM analysis. Many nano size hexagonal crystals were observed by SEM. Experiments for binding chloride ions of LDHs were conducted by using potentiometric method. The experimental data were measured every 15 minutes. It was observed that the chloride ion content is reduced by increasing of LDHs mass fraction and the reaction rate of $Mg/Al-NO_3$ is faster than $Ca/Al-NO_3$. In future studies, binding chloride capacity in cement materials will be evaluated based on results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.900-907
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• 2008

The physicochemical properties of black rice flours produced from dry and wet milling were carried out to investigate their applications in food processing industry. The dry milled black rice flours showed lower fat, protein, ash, and anthocyanin contents than those of wet milled black rice flours with no effect due to number of millings. Average particle sizes ($379{\sim}288\;{\mu}m$) of dry milled flours were bigger than those ($336{\sim}253\;{\mu}m$) of wet milled flours. Particles with 60 mesh or more increased with increasing milling times. Wet milled flours had higher damaged starch, water solubility index (WSI), and water absorption index (WAI) compared to dry milled flours. Pasting properties measured by rapid visco analyzer (RVA) resulted in higher pasting temperatures in dry milled flours ($62.5{\sim}69.4^{\circ}C$) than wet milled flours ($46.1{\sim}46.4^{\circ}C$). As the number of milling times increased, pasting temperature of wet milled flours were not effected. Dry and wet milling resulted in reduced trough, final viscosity, and consistency with increasing milling times.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1991

Various formulations of oxyfluorfen were tested to evaluate effect of weed control efficacy and rice injury as affected by different degrees of water leakages. Rice injury was increased with increased water leakages. The formulations of Elvan, Coal slag and Chitosan gave slight injury to rice under all conditions included in terms of visual ratings, plant height and fresh weight production. However, weed control of most formulations was decreased and increased with increased water leakages for annual weeds and perennial weeds, respectively, Annual weeds were controlled greater than 90~ by all treatments, but perennial weed control was relatively low. Scirpus juncoides was the most tolerant annual weed to Oxyfluorfen. Elvan formulation showed somewhat decreased control of barnyardgrass with increased water leakages. The promising formulations of Oxyfluorfen were Chitosan, Coal slag, Bentonite B and Elvan (if the first releasing rate increased), which injured rice slightly and controlled annual weeds excellently regardless of degrees of water leakages.