• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 1996

In order to investigate characteristics of surface fatigue crack propagation from a pit shaped surface defect which frequently exists around welded joints, SS400 steel with thickness of 12mm, which has been generally used for structure members, was welded with submerged-arc butt type and machined for both surface. An initial surface defect of pit shape with the aspect ratio of 2 was made on the specimen. The initial defect was located at 5 different zones over the weldment : weld metal zone, boundary between weld metal and HAZ, HAZ, boundary between HAZ and base metal. Characteristics of surface fatigue crack propagation from the defect on each region under the same loading condition were investigated and compared.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2010

고강도강의 용접성은 저온균열 저항성으로 대변되는데, TMCP강과 HSLA강 등이 개발되면서 고강도강의 저온균열저항성이 크게 향상되어 무예열 용접성이 확보되었다. 그러나 용접재료 측면에서는 그에 상응하는 재료의 개발이 지연되어 강재 개발로 인한 우수한 성능을 충분히 발휘하지 못하고 있으며 용접부의 건전성 문제가 심각하게 인식되고 있다. 이로 인해 고강도강에 적용시킬 수 있는 무예열 용접재료의 필요성이 대두되어 개발이 진행되고 있으며 상용화를 앞두고 있다. 이러한 용접재료의 개발단계에서 합금설계는 가장 중요한 항목으로 합금 조성에 따라 용착금속의 강도 및 인성에 상당한 변화를 가져오기 때문이다. 합금원소 중 Al은 강재의 탈산을 돕기 때문에 가능한 많은 양의 첨가를 요구하지만 적정량 이상을 초과하게 되면 오히려 용착금속의 저온인성 특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 고강도 GMA 용착금속의 Al함량을 단계적으로 변화시켜 용착금속 내 최적의 Al의 함량을 찾고자 하였다. 또한 높은 비용 및 많은 시간을 필요로 하는 와이어로드를 제작하지 않고도 Al함량을 조절 할 수 있는 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 실험의 모재는 HSLA-100강을 사용하였으며 용접재료는 ER120S-G급의 GMA용접 재료를 사용하였다. 모재 성분과의 희석을 방지하기 위해 V-Groove 가공 후 6패스 Buttering 용접을 실시하였고, 다시 Buttering용접부에 V-Groove 가공을 하여 최종 용접을 실시하였다. 이 때 Al함량을 조절하기 위해 최종 용접 개선부 밑면에 홈을 판 후 Al fiber(직경 0.3mm)를 깔고 용접(입열량 20kJ/cm)하여 Al함유량을 총 3가지(0.003~0.04% Al)로 제어하였다. 용접 후 각각의 시편에 대해 미세조직, 충격시험, O/N분석, 성분분석 등의 시험을 수행하여 저온인성과의 상관관계를 알아보았다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.2 s.245
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

The butt and the lap welding by friction stir welding performs with $2mm^t$ 1050 aluminum alloy sheet. This paper shows behaviors of property such as vickers hardness, yielding and ultimate stresses, and macro structures for weld zone cross section of the butt and the lap jointed specimens. It is also carried out making comparison with maximum loads, stress-strain diagrams, and deformation after the guided bending test and fracture behaviors between the butt and the lap jointed specimens. It is found that the weldability of the butt jointed specimen is better than that of the lap jointed specimen.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1747-1751
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• 2003

The paper shows properties such as vickers hardness, yielding and ultimate stresses for the weld zone of the butt and the lap jointed specimens, and compare maximum loads, stress-strain curves, deformation appearance after guided bending test and fracture appearance for butt and lap jointed specimens. The research in this experiment also shows the weldability of the butt joint specimen is better than that of the lap joint specimen using FSW with $2mm^{t}$ aluminum alloy sheet in milling machine.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 1990

원유나 각종 석유 제품을 취급하는 구조물 또는 설비들의 부식 균열현상은 이미 오래 전부터 보 고되어 왔으며, 이는 주로 석유나 LPG 등에 포함되어 있는 H/SUB 2/S에 의한 황화물 응력부식 (SSCC:sulfide stress corrosion cracking)으로 널리 알려져 있다(1,2). SSCC에 의한 균열 현상은 일반 저강도 철강재에서는 발생하지 않으며 주로 항복강도가 500MPa 이상의 강재에서 많이 나타 난다. 특히, 구조물이나 설비제작 과정에서 반드시 있게되는 용접부는 SSCC에 아주 민감한 부분 으로써, 대부분의 SSCC 균열이 용접 열영향부(HAZ:heat affected zone)에서 나타나고 있다. 이는 용접부의 미세조직이 모재와 달라 국부적으로 높은 경도를 갖는 부분이 있기도 하고, 또한 운전 조건으로는 만족되지 않는 응력부식 조건이 용접 잔류응력에 의해 만족될 수 있기 때문이기도 하다. 본 글에서는 이러한 SSCC에 의한 균열 특성을 SSCC기구 (SSCC mechanism)와 함께 석유화학 설비재료로 많이 사용되는 철강재를 대상으로 고찰해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.504-509
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• 2016

Production processes of double wall bellows can be roughly categorized into two steps. In the first step, inner and outer bellows are made of STS316L in austenite stainless steel due to their excellent formability and corrosion resistance. In the second step, the double wall bellows are manufactured using the welding method with both the inner and outer bellows. The microstructure and defects of each weldment are observed to ensure the reliability of bellows since weldment is a highly vulnerable part, which can crack and fracture when bellows are formed or used. In this study, optimum welding conditions were derived from the analysis of microstructure and inspection of weldment of bellows that were produced using various welding procedure. Moreover, the mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness measurement of substrate, weldment and the heat-affected zone.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

To perform the rigorous integrity evaluation of RPV, it is necessary to consider metallurgical factors such as microstructure evolution during multi-pass welding process and PWHT. The microstructures of the heat affected zone(HAZ) of SA508 steel were predicted by a combination of simulated thermal analysis and a simple kinetic models for austenite grain growth and austenite-ferrite transformation. Phase equilibrium of SA508 steel were calculated using a Thermo-Calc package. Carbide growth in th HAZ were predicted by a empirical model, taking into account the predicted microstructure evolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.331-338
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• 2005

The grain structure, dislocation density and second phase particles in various regions including the stir zone(SZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ), and heat affected zone(HAZ) of a friction stir weld 6.35mm thick aluminum 7075-T651 alloy were investigated and compared with the base metal. The microstruectures of nugget zone were compared according to tool rotation speeds and tool transition speeds. The hardness profiles of nugget zone were increased, while decreasing rotation speed and increasing welding speed. The optimal microstructure was gained at the low rotation speed 800rpm and th high welding speed 124mm/min. The nugget microstructures of fracture surface, transgranular dimple and quasicleavage type were showed different fracture type with the HAZ, shear fracture type.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Weld repair of ASTM A-470 class 8 high pressure (HP) steam turbine rotor steel has been performed to extend the service life of older fossil units. Microhardness measurements were conducted across the weldment from unaffected base metal (BM) to weld metal (WM). The hardness of the BM was VHN 253, however it dropped up to VHN 227 at the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to unaffected BM for multipass SAW. This area of hardness drop is called "siftening zone" and has a width of 0.5-0.6mm. During creep rupture test, failure occurred around the softening zone and rupture time was 772.4hr at 19Ksi (132 Mpa) and 593.deg. C. Multipass MIG and TIG welding have been employed to reduce the softening zone width. The softening zone width for MIG was 0.3-0.4mm and for TIG was zero-0.4mm depending on heat inputs. However creep rupture time was decreased as softening zone width reduced. Creep rupture time also showed a close relationship with heat inputs in TIG process. The higher heat input, the longer rupture time. Most failure occurred at intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ), however rupture location was shifted to coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) as heat input decreased. The rupture surface showed tearing and dimple which indicated transgranular fracture. fracture.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2007

A kinetic model fur the particle coarsening behavior was developed. The proposed model considered the critical particle size which can be derived from Gibbs-Thomson equation unlike the conventional approach. In this study, the proposed particle coarsening model was applied to study the coarsening behavior of titanium nitride (TiN particle) in microalloyed steel weld HAZ. Particle size distributions and mean particle size by the proposed model were in agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, using additivity rule, the isothermal model was extended to predict particle coarsening behavior during continuous thermal cycle.