• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1989

용접에 이와 같이 발생하는 용접잔류응력과 변형은 용접구조물의 제작시 여러 가지 장해를 유발 할 뿐만 아니고 그 구조물의 사용중에 있어서도 파괴의 발생 또는 파괴의 전파에 직.간접적으로 기여하여 악영향을 끼치게 된다. 용접잔류응력은 용접구조물의 피로감도를 저하시키거나, 취성균 열 및 응력부식균열의 진전을 용이하게 하며 용접변형은 구조물의 외관을 해치거나 국부적으로 스트레인집중을 초래하여 이 역시 취성파괴의 원인으로 작용하여 구조물의 파괴사고를 유발할 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 용접변형과 잔류응력을 극도화하기 위한 대책은 용접기술자로 서 용접시공시 유의해야 할 가장 큰 사항의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 보고에서는 이러한 용접변형 과 잔류응력현상에 대해 그 발생기구를 금속학적 측면에서 고찰하고 그 경감대책에 대해서는 구 조물의 형상이나 종류에 따라 각각별개의 대책이 수립되어야 하나 여기서는 보편적인 경우에 한 해 해설하고저 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.20-28
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• 1997

용접부에는 많은 취약조건들이 존재하며 파괴의 주 원인이 되고 있어 이들에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 따라서, 현재 용접재료, 용접 조건 및 용접방법 등 을 개선함으로써 여러 방면에서 좋은 결과를 얻고 있다. 그러나 아직도 용접시의 열소 성변형과 구속조건에 따라 분포하는 잔류응력에 의한 피로균열거동에 대한 연구는 정확한 잔류응력 측정의 어려움으로 미흡한 상태이다. 특히 잔류응력의 측정기술과 반복하중에 의한 피로균열 진전시 잔류응력의 이완 등은 이들을 해석하는데 많은 어 려움을 주고 있다. 용접시 높은 열에 의한 재료의 팽창과 냉각시의 수축변형은 용접 부재에 인장 및 압축 잔류응력을 유발시키고, 인장잔류응력은 균열 진전될 때 잔류 응력은 오히려 균열을 지연시키기도 한다. 또한 잔류응력장에서 피로 균열이 진전될 때 잔류응력은 일반적으로 작용하중의 크기와 반복 수 그리고 균열 진전 등으로 인하 여 이완되고 재분포된다. 본 해설에서는 용접재의 피로거동중에 발생하는 잔류응력의 재분포 현상을 하중의 범위, 하중 반복수, 균열 진전의 영향으로 구분하여 각각의 영향에 대해서 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-3
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• 2004

용접변형은 용접잔류응력과 같이 고유변형도에 의해 발생되며, 고유변형도의 분포형상에 따라 그림 1과 같은 용접변형이 발생된다. 이러한 용접변형은 강구조물 제작시 다양한 용접부형상에 의해 복합적으로 발생되며, 이것은 강구조물을 설계치수를 변화시키거나 부재 간 단차를 발생시켜 절단 또는 교정과 같은 생산공정에 불필요한 작업을 유발시켜 생산성을 저하시킨다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2014

Residual stresses that occur during the welding process, are the main cause of failure and defects in welded structures. This paper, presents the use of an electronic processing laser speckle interferometer to measure the residual stress of a welded pipe for a nuclear power plant. A tensile testing machine was used to evaluate a welded pipe that failed in compression. The inform plane deformation and modulus of elasticity of the base metal and welds were measured using an interferometer. Varying the load on the welded pipe had a larger effect on the deformation of the base metal the other properties of the base metal and welds. The elastic moduli of the base metal and weld of the welded pipe were 202.46 and 212.14 GPa, respectively, the residual stress was measured to be 6.29 MPa.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

Using blind hole drilling method the residual stresses and welding deflections are measured for the cylindrical shell with various heat inputs and cylinder diameters. As a result, it is verified that the axial and hoop residual stresses which are generated near the weld part of cylinders are increased, as the heat inputs and cylinder diameters are increased. And experimental results show good agreements with those of precedent researchers. In this paper, it is validated that dominant parameters, heat input Q and the dimension of cylinder h/D have some effects on the magnitude and distribution of axial and hoop residual stresses and welding deflections. The empirical equations of residual stresses and welding deflections are made by using multiple linear regression with experimental results.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

Welding is essential in ship production since welding is very popular method for joining two or more metals. However, welding causes residual stress and distortion and these give a bad influence to the structure strength and assembly of ship blocks. Therefore, prediction and treatment of residual stress and distortion is a key to accuracy control in shipyard. In this paper, a computational procedure, based on thermal-elastic-plastic 3-dimensional FEA, has been suggested to simulate butt and fillet welding process. In the simulation process, temperature distribution at each time step is obtained by heat transfer analysis and then thermal deformation analysis is done with obtained temperature distributions to find the residual stress and distortion. In heat transfer analysis, enthalpy method is used to realize phase change at melting temperature. Also element birth and death method is used to simulate adding of weld metal in both heat transfer analysis and thermal elastic plastic analysis. The proposed procedure is verified by related researches and the results show good agreement with those of related researches.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

The conventional welding technique such as shield metal arc welding has been mostly applied to the piping system of the nuclear power plants. It is well known that this welding technique causes the overheating and welding defects due to the large groove angle of weld. On the other hand, the narrow gap welding(NGW) technique has many merits, for instance, the reduction of welding time, the shrinkage of weld and the small deformation of the weld due to the small groove angle and welding bead width comparing with the conventional welds. These characteristics of NGW affect the deformation behavior and the distribution of welding residual stress of NGW, thus it is believed that the residual stress results obtained from conventional welding procedure may not be applied to structural integrity evaluation of NGW. In this paper, the welding residual stress of NGW was predicted using the nonlinear finite element analysis to simulate the thermal and mechanical effects of the NGW. The present results can be used as the important information to perform the flaw evaluation and to improve the weld procedure of NGW.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2012

The size and distribution of welding residual stress and welding deformation in welding structures have an effect on various sorts of damage like brittle failure, fatigue failure and stress corrosion cracking. So, research for this problem is necessary continuously. In this study, non-destructive technique using laser electronic speckle pattern interferometry, plate of welding specimen according to the external load on the entire behavior of residual stress are presented measurement techniques. Once, welding specimen force tensile loading, using electronic speckle pattern interferometry is measured. welding specimen of base metal and weld zone measure strain from measured result, this using measure elastic modulus. In this study, electronic speckle pattern interferometry use weld zone and base metal parts of the strain differences using were presented in residual stress calculated value, This residual stress value were calculated by numerical calculation. Consequently, weld zone of modulus high approximately 3.7 fold beside base metal and this measured approximately 8.46 MPa.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-2
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• 2004

강구조물 제작시 용접프로세스에 의해 용접부 근방에서는 용접열원에 의해 급속가열ㆍ급속냉각의 열 사이클을 받으며, 열원의 이동과 함께 온도장이 변화하므로 용접부에 불균일한 온도분포가 발생된다. 이러한 불균일한 온도분포에 의한 용접부 근방의 열팽창ㆍ수축을 용접부로부터 떨어져 있는 저온상태의 부재가 이를 구속하여 결과적으로 용접변형과 잔류응력이 발생한다.(중략)

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2004

Steel bridges, which have been damaged by load and corrosion, need repair or strengthening. That is a cause of decreasing the durability of structure. In order to solve these problems, welding repair and strengthening methods can be considered. In general, cutting and welding procedure is carried out during the repair welding. Therefore, the investigation of the behavior of residual stress and deformation generated by cutting and welding is very important for safety of structure. Residual stress and deformation produced by gas cutting and arc welding were analyzed using 2D and 3D thermal elasto-plastic FEM. According to the results, the magnitude of temperature was analyzed by 2D-FEM is smaller than that was analyzed using the 3D-FEM at the start and end edge of flange. And the magnitude and distribution of residual stress of perpendicular direction of the cutting line and welding line was analyzed by the 2D-FEM was similar to that was analyzed by 3D-FEM. Therefore, it is possible to predict cutting and welding residual stress by 2D and 3D FEM.