• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1413-1416
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 인접하는 유역과 어떠한 동적인 상호작용없이 유출이 독립적으로 결정되는 자연방류형 단일저류지를 대상으로 기존의 연구에서 임계지속기간 결정에 빈번히 이용되었던 최대첨두유량 발생시간, 최대저류용량 발생시간, 최대 저류비 발생시간을 기준으로 한 임계지속기간을 산정하여 분석하므로써 자연방류형 단일저류지의 임계지속기간의 결정에 있어 합리적인 성과를 도출하고자 하였다. 적용결과, 최대 저류용량을 기준으로 한 경우에는 저류지 규모와 같은 제약조건을 가져오게 되고, 최대 저류비를 기준으로 한 경우에는 강우지속기간에 따라 저류비는 지속적으로 감소하므로 두 기준을 통하여 임계지속기간을 결정하는 것은 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 허용방류량 고정개념을 통하여 최대 저류비, 최대 저류용량을 통하여 임계지속기간을 산정하였다. 그 결과 자연방류형 단일 저류지에서는 최대 저류용량을 통하여 적정 임계지속기간을 검토할 수 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 그러므로 최대 저류비를 이용하여 자연방류형 저류지에서의 최대 저류비를 발생시키는 시간분포를 정리한 결과 전체적으로 Huff 2분위가 최대 저류비를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 첨두저류비 변화율을 검토한 결과 매우 제한적인 조건이기는 하지만 허용방류량 고정개념을 이용한 경우에 한하여 지속기간별 최대 첨두유량의 임계지속기간과 자연방류형 단일저류지의 임계지속 기간을 동일하게 간주하는 것이 큰 무리는 아닌 것으로 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.229-235
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• 2007

관개나 수분수지 규명을 위한 기본적인 자료는 토양수분 함량이다. 그러나, 포장상태에서의 토양수분 함량은 직접 측정하는 것이 쉽지 않기 때문에 많은 경우 건조기를 이용한 중량수분 함량측정 방법을 이용하거나 토양수분 포텐셜 측정용인 텐시오미터를 이용한 토양수분의 에너지 특성을 관개에 활용하는 것이 현실이었다. 중량수분 함량은 시료를 채취해서 건조하기 때문에 시료채취 당시의 토양수분 함량을 아는 것이 어렵고, 토양수분 포텐셜은 에너지를 측정하는 것이기 때문에 이 역시 토양의 수분함량을 얻는 것이 불가능 하다. 따라서, 최근에 이런 측정상의 어려움을 극복하기 위해 여러 나라에서 포장에서의 토양수분 함량을 직접 측정하는 다양한 센서를 개발하고 있고 있다. 그 중 몇 가지는 현재 우리나라에 공급되고 있는데, 가격 등의 문제로 별로 알려져 있지는 않다. 센서는 현장에서 수분함량을 파악할 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 관개에 직접 적용이 가능하며 자동화시설이나 수분수지 모형 산정에도 활용할 수 있다. 본 시험은 우리나라에 소개되어 있는 몇 가지의 토양수분 측정용 센서를 현장에서 코어를 이용해 측정한 용적수분 함량과 비교하여 센서의 정확도나 이용 가능성을 검정하고자 하였다. 코어를 이용해 실측한 토양 용적수분 함량과 비교하고자 7종의 센서를 선택해 실험에 이용하였다. 가격이 비싼 것으로 알려진 TDR 형태의 센서가 2종이었으며, 나머지 5종은 FDR 형태의 센서였다. TDR 센서는 Soilmoisture사에서 제작한 MiniTrase와 Imko 사의 Trime이고, FDR은 Sentek사에서 개발한 EasyAG, EnviroSCAN과 Delta-T사에서 제작한 PR-1과 WET-2 및 Decagon사에서 제작한 $ECH_2O$ 센서였다. 실헙방법은 본량사양토인 포장에서 건조한 상태인 시험구와 물이 포화된 시험구를 만들어 놓고, 그곳에서 센서 종류별로, 측정 깊이별로 토양의 용적수분 함량을 측정하고, 센서로 측정한 위치 바로 옆에서 코어를 이용해 토양시료를 채취하고 이를 건조기에 건조해 용적수분 함량을 측정하였다. 비교결과 TDR인 MiniTrase가 결정계수$(r^2)$가 0.964이고 표준오차(SE)가 0.01로 좋은 결과를 보여줬고 WET-2가 $r^2$와 SE가 0.932와 0.013이였으며 EasyAG는 0.877과 0.0211, EnviroSCAN은 0.803과 0.0259의 값을 보였다. 일반적으로 토양수분 함량 측정오차가 1% 미만인 센서가 정확한 수분함량 해석을 유도할 것이지만 위의 센서 중 MiniTrase를 비롯한 4개의 센서 정도가 토양의 수분 함량을 측정하는데 유용할 것이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-706
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to clarify the palatal forms through palatal curvatures of right to left, anterior to posterior direction, and difference of right and left palatal volumes in the primary and permanent dentition. Samples were consisted of normal occlusion of both dentition(50 males and 50 females each). Their upper plaster casts were used, measuring points were decided, through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3-D Laser Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), and fitting standard horizontal plane were made for measuring the height and sectioned volumes of palate. The results were as follows: 1. Palatal volume and height were greater at the right side of the palate in the primary and permanent dentition of male and female, but there was no significance. 2. Palatal height was greater in male compared to female, especially, there was significant difference at intercuspid, inter-second premolar area in the permanent dentition(P<0.05). 3. To the height of A-P direction of mid-palatal area, the highest point was 20mm in the primary dentition, 30mm in the permanent dentition from interdental papilla of central incisors. 4. Palatal height of inter-cuspid and inter-second premolar became shallow and broad, high and broad each, compared to inter-deciduous canine and inter-second deciduous molar.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2022

As research on a controlled environment system based on crop growth environment sensing for sustainable production of horticultural crops and its industrial use has been important, research on how to properly utilize soil moisture sensors for outdoor cultivation is being actively conducted. This experiment was conducted to suggest the proper method of utilizing the TEROS 12, an FDR (frequency domain reflectometry) sensor, which is frequently used in industry and research fields, for each orchard soil in three regions in Korea. We collected soils from each orchard where fruit trees were grown, investigated the soil characteristics and soil water retention curve, and compared TEROS 12 sensor calibration equations to correlate the sensor output to the corresponding soil volumetric water content through linear and cubic regressions for each soil sample. The estimated value from the calibration equation provided by the manufacturer was also compared. The soil collected from all three orchards showed different soil characteristics and volumetric water content values by each soil water retention level across the soil samples. In addition, the cubic calibration equation for TEROS 12 sensor showed the highest coefficient of determination higher than 0.95, and the lowest RMSE for all soil samples. When estimating volumetric water contents from TEROS 12 sensor output using the calibration equation provided by the manufacturer, their calculated volumetric water contents were lower than the actual volumetric water contents, with the difference up to 0.09-0.17 m³·m^-3 depending on the soil samples, indicating an appropriate calibration for each soil should be preceded before FDR sensor utilization. Also, there was a difference in the range of soil volumetric water content corresponding to the soil water retention levels across the soil samples, suggesting that the soil water retention information should be required to properly interpret the volumetric water content value of the soil. Moreover, soil with a high content of sand had a relatively narrow range of volumetric water contents for irrigation, thus reducing the accuracy of an FDR sensor measurement. In conclusion, analyzing soil water retention characteristics of the target soil and the soil-specific calibration would be necessary to properly quantify the soil water status and determine their adequate irrigation point using an FDR sensor.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.409-418
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the evaluations and determinants on residential resettlements in accordance with urban regeneration by 7,396 samples from 19 housing redevelopment districts in Busan. The major finding on determinants on residential resettlements in accordance with urban regeneration are as follows; A binary logit model for determinants on residential resettlements in accordance with urban regeneration are composed of owner's characteristics, land and building characteristics, housing complex characteristics, and location characteristics. The significant variables in relation to owner's characteristics are owner's age, owner's place of residence, the possession period against property and investment intention. As a result of logit model for residential resettlements, it shows that the variables in relation to land and building characteristics are the land classification, the use of building, the size of land or building, the permission of building and the appraisal price on land and building. This result means that actual customer's investment connects to resettlement after redevelopment project. The other side, the housing complex variables consist of the brand of construction company, the ratio of large size housing and floor are ratio shows that improvable conditions for housing value are important factor to induce residence's resettlement. The location variables show that Dongbusan has higher probability, the reverse Jungbusan has lower probability in residential resettlement likewise residential preference.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Purpose: Simulation using computed tomography (CT) is now widely available for radiation treatment planning for breast cancer. It is an important tool to help define the tumor target and normal tissue based on anatomical features of an individual patient. In Korea, most patients have small sized breasts and the purpose of this study was to review the margin of treatment field between conventional two-dimensional (2D) planning and CT based three-dimensional (3D) planning in patients with small breasts. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients with early breast cancer undergoing breast conservation therapy were selected. All patients underwent 3D CT based planning with a conventional breast tangential field design. In 2D planning, the treatment field margins were determined by palpation of the breast parenchyma (In general, the superior: base of the clavicle, medial: midline, lateral: mid - axillary line, and inferior margin: 2 m below the inframammary fold). In 3D planning, the clinical target volume (CTV) ought to comprise all glandular breast tissue, and the PTV was obtained by adding a 3D margin of 1 cm around the CTV except in the skin direction. The difference in the treatment field margin and equivalent field size between 2D and 3D planning were evaluated. The association between radiation field margins and factors such as body mass index, menopause status, and bra size was determined. Lung volume and heart volume were examined on the basis of the prescribed breast radiation dose and 3D dose distribution. Results: The margins of the treatment field were smaller in the 3D planning except for two patients. The superior margin was especially variable (average, 2.5 cm; range, -2.5 to 4.5 cm; SD, 1.85). The margin of these targets did not vary equally across BMI class, menopause status, or bra size. The average irradiated lung volume was significantly lower for 3D planning. The average irradiated heart volume did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: The use of 3D CT based planning reduced the radiation field in early breast cancer patients with small breasts in relation to conventional planning. Though a coherent definition of the breast is needed, CT-based planning generated the better plan in terms of reducing the irradiation volume of normal tissue. Moreover it was possible that 3D CT based planning showed better CTV coverage including postoperative change.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2010

In this paper, we evaluated the performance of 3D CRT, IMRT and three kind of RA plannings to investigate the clinical effect of RA with liver cancer case. The patient undergoing liver cancer of small volume and somewhat constant motion were selected. We performed 3D CRT, IMRT and RA plannings such as 2RA, limited triple arcs (3RA) and 3MRA with Eclipse version 8.6.15. The same dose volume objectives were defined for only CTV, PTV and body except heart, liver and partial body in IMRT and RA plannings. The steepness of dose gradient around tumor was determined by the Normal Tissue Objective function with the same parameters in place of respective definitions of dose volume objectives for the normal organs. The approach between the defined dose constraints and the practical DVH of CTV, PTV and Body was the best in 3MRA and the worst in IMRT. The DVHs were almost the same among RAs. Plans were evaluated using Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI) and Quality of coverage (QoC) by RTOG after prescription with dose level surrounding 98% of PTV in the respective plans. As a result, 3MRA planning showed the better favorable indices than that of the others and achieved the lowest MUs. In this study, RA planning is a technique that is possible to obtain the faster and better dose distribution than 3D CRT or IMRT techniques. Our result suggest that 3MRA planning is able to reduce the MUs further, keeping a similar or better targer dose homogeneity, conformity and sparing normal tissue than 2RA or 3RA.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1998

Purpose : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of small bowel displacement system(SBDS) in post-operative pelvic radiation therapy(RT) of rectal cancer patients by measurement of small bowel volume included in the radiation fields receiving therapeutic dose. Materials and Method : Ten consecutive new rectal cancer patients referred to the department of Radiation Oncology of Samsung Medical Center in May of 1997 were included in this study. All patients were asked to drink $Castrographin^(R)$ before simulation and were laid prone for conventional simulation and CT scans with and without SBDS. The volume of opacified small bowel on CT scans, which was to be included in the radiation fields receiving therapeutic dose, was measured using Picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Results : The average small bowel volumes with and without SBDS were 176.0ml(5.2-415.6ml) and 185.1ml(54.5-434.2ml), respectively The changes of small bowel volume with SBDS compared to those without SBDS were more than $10\%$ decrease in three, less than 10% decrease in two, less than $10\%$ increase in three, and more than $10\%$ increase in two patients. Conclusion : No significant advantage of using SBDS in post-operative pelvic RT for rectal cancer patients has been shown by small bowel volume measurement using CT scan considering additional effort and time needed for simulation and treatment setup.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.377-383
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• 2007

In recent years the field application of high performance concrete has been increased to improve the quality and reliability of concrete structures. The mix design of the high performance concrete includes the 2 set-off mixture theory of mortar and coarse aggregate and that of paste and aggregate. The 2 set-off mixture theory of mortar and coarse aggregate has a problem of having to determine its value through repeated experiments in applying the rheological characteristics of mortar. The 2 set-off mixture theory of paste and aggregate has never been applied to high performance concrete since it doesn't take into account the relationship between optimum fine aggregate ratio and unit volume of powder nor does it consider the critical aggregate volume ratio. As the mixture theory of these high performance concretes, unlike that of general concrete, focuses on flowability and charge-ability, it does not consider intensity features in mix design also, the unit quantity of the materials used is determined by trial and error method in the same way as general concrete. This study is designed to reduce the frequency of trial and error by accurately calculating the optimum fine aggregate ratio, which makes it possible to minimize the aperture of aggregate in use by introducing the maximum density theory to the mix design of high performance concrete. Also, it is intended to propose a simple and reasonable mix design for high performance concrete meeting the requirements for both intensity and flowability. The mix design proposed in this study may reduce trial and error and conveniently produce high performance concrete which has self-chargeability by using more than the minimum unit volume of powder and optimum fine aggregate with minimum porosity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 2018

This study presents determinants of resettlement considering population, economy, residential environment, policy characteristic, proposes implications for increase of resettlement. The research method deducted determinants of resettlement by union groups using logistic regression, union members are divided to more 10 years group and under 10 years group focused on real estate ownership duration. The analysis results are summarized as follows. More 10 years group has higher age, neighborship, satisfaction about pre-sale price, inside region in redevelopment promotion project, satisfaction about increase of real estate price, the higher resettlement decision probability. Under 10 years group has higher satisfaction about increase of real estate price, satisfaction about pre-sale price, satisfaction about floor area ratio incentive, the higher resettlement decision probability. the political implications must be customized financial support considering economic situations and increase of asset value by real estate ownership duration.