• Title/Summary/Keyword: 용수 수요

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Comparison of Forage Productivity and Quality of Italian Ryegrass and Barley Mono, and Mixtures Sown in Early Spring (이탈리안 라이그라스와 청보리의 이른 봄 단파 및 혼파 재배 시 생산성과 사료가치 비교)

  • Seo, Sung;Chung, Eui-Soo;Kim, Ki-Yong;Choi, Gi-Jun;Ahn, Jong-Nam;Han, Jong-Seok;Park, Hyun-Kyung;Kim, Yong-Su
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to determine the forage production and quality of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley sown in early spring in Suwon, 2009. The five treatments used in this experiment were IRG Kowinearly (early maturity), IRG Kowinmaster (medium maturity), Yuyeon barley, Kowinearly + Yuyeon mixture, and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture. The lodging was observed in IRG, but no lodging was found IRG + barley mixtures. The heading date of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 16 May and 22 May, respectively, and that of barley was 13 May. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 22.2~27.6%. The forage quality among treatments were similar, but the crude protein (CP) content of IRG was higher than that of barley, and in vitro DM digestibility was a little low in Kowinmaster. The yields of DM, CP and digestible DM were high in Kowinearly + Yuyeon barley mixtures as a 13,816 kg, 1,384 kg and 10,387 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of IRG and forage barley was very effective, because of preventing of IRG lodging, increasing of forage yield, and stable production of forages. The optimum harvest date for silage manufacture of IRG and barley sown in early spring was recommended early June instead of May.

Changes of Ventricular Function and Mitral Regurgitation after Repair of Anomalous Origin of Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 기시증의 외과적 치료 후 좌심실 및 승모판 기능의 변화)

  • Lee Jeong Ryul;Oh Sea Jin;Kim Woong Han;Kim Yong Jin;Rho Joon Ryang;Bae Eun Jung;Noh Chung II;Yun Yong Soo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.38 no.8 s.253
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    • pp.523-528
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    • 2005
  • Background: Investigation of the change of ventricular function and mitral regurgitation after surgical repair of patient with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is key issue for the better surgical outcome. Material and Method: From April 1986 to July 2002, 12 patients presented with ALCAPA. The median age at repair was 4 months. Surgical methods included left coronary artery transfer to the aorta (10), Takeuchi procedure (1), saphenous vein free graft bypass (1). Mitral valve was repaired in 1. Result: There were 2 hospital death $(16.7\%)$. The mean follow-up period was $7.1\pm4.1$ years (range, 7 months to 13 years). Four patients required postoperative circulatory assist for $2.2\pm1.1$ days and one needed left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for 1day. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated significant improvements in mean fractional shortening $(33.4\pm9.1\%\;vs\;17.7\pm9.6\%,\;n=10,\;p<0.05);$ left ventricular end diastolic dimension $(33.4\pm7.3\;mm\;vs\;44.8\pm7.0\;mm,\;n=10,\;p<0.05)$ and systolic dimension $(22.2\pm7.5\;mm\;vs\;33.4\pm7.9\;mm,\;n=10,\;p<0.05)$. Severities of mitral regurgitation decreased in all survivors at 1st and 4th year follow-up echocardiography. There were 2 reoperation due to residual MR and right ventricular outflow obstruction (Takeuchi case). Conclusion: Anatomic repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery offered an excellent surgical results, especially in terms of the recovery of left ventricle function and mitral regurgitation. However, preoperative indications for mitral procedure is to be evaluated.

Surgical Results of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect - 16 years experience - (완전방실중격결손증에 대한 외과적 교정의 16년 수술결과)

  • 이정렬;김홍관;이정상;김용진;노준량;배은정;노정일;최정연;윤용수
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.35 no.12
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    • pp.854-861
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    • 2002
  • In this study, we reviewed our early and long-term surgical results of complete atrioventricular septal defect during the last 16 years at our hospital. Materials and Methods: Between April 1986 and March 2002, 73 patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect underwent total correction without preceding palliation. Age at repair ranged from 2 to 85 (median age, 7) months, and weight ranged from 3 to 22 (median weight, 5.9)kg. Follow-up was complete with a mean duration of 69$\pm$51 months. Results: Overall operative mortality was 16.4%(12) with 3 late deaths. One, 5, and 10 year actuarial survival rates were 96.3 %, 94.2 % and 94.2 % respectively Sixteen of 61 (22.2%) operative survivors have undergone reoperation for postoperative mitral regurgitation or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 1, 5, and 10 years were 87.8 %, 72.4 %, and 57.8 % and freedom from LVOTO at 1, 5, and 10 years were 98.2 %, 86.3 %, and 83.2 % respectively. Summary: In this study, we found that our early surgical results improved with quite an acceptable long-term outcome. Close observation of remaining mitral regurgitation was necessary, A precise evaluation of the atrioventricular valve morphology, a meticulous surgical technique, and the adequate postoperative management are mandatory for the excellent results.

Citing Behavior of Korean Scientists on Foreign Journals in KSCD (KSCD를 활용한 국내 과학기술자의 해외 학술지 인용행태 연구)

  • Kim, Byung-Kyu;Kang, Mu-Yeong;Choi, Seon-Heui;Kim, Soon-Young;You, Beom-Jong;Shin, Jae-Do
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.117-133
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    • 2011
  • There have been little comprehensive research for studying impact of foreign journals on Korean scientists. The main reason for this is because there was no extensive citation index database of domestic journals for analysis. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) built the Korea Science Citation Database (KSCD), and have provided Korea Science Citation Index (KSCI) and Korea Journal Citation Reports (KJCR) services. In this article, citing behavior of Korean scientists on foreign journals was examined by using KSCD that covers Korean core journals. This research covers (1) analysis of foreign document types cited, (2) analysis of citation counts of foreign journals by subject and the ratio of citing different disciplines, (3) analysis of language and country of foreign documents cited, (4) analysis of publishers of journals and whether or not journals are listed on global citation index services and (5) analysis for current situation of subscribing to foreign electronic journals in Korea. The results of this research would be useful for establishing strategies for licensing foreign electronic journals and for information services. From this research, immediacy citation rate (average 1.46%), peak-time (average 3.9 years) and half-life (average 8 years) of cited foreign journals were identified. It was also found that Korean scientistis tend to cite journals covered in SCI(E) or SCOPUS, and 90% of cited foreign journals have been licensed by institutions in Korea.

Effects of Macrophytes on Budget of Matters in Lake Paldang (대형수생식물이 팔당호의 물질 수지에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Hae-Kyung;Jung, Dong-Il;Byeon, Myeong-Seop
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.1 s.115
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2006
  • To evaluate the primary production and nutrient uptake of macrophytes in Lake Paldang, this study investigate the vegetation areas of six dominant aquatic plants including Typha angustifolia, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites australis, Trapa japonica, Nelumbo nucifera and Savinia natans, and contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of each macrophyte. Total vegetation area of six dominant aquatic plants was 1.37 $km^2$. Among them, Typha angustifolia was the most wide-distributed species which occupied the 46.7% of total vegetation area. Littoral zone of South Han river had the largest vegetation area with 0.458 $km^2$, and North Han river, Kyungan river and confluence area in the order named. The results of the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of macrophytes showed that the carbon contents of emergent macrophytes was higher than that of other life-forms. The nitrogen content of Salvinia natans, free-floating macrophyte was highest and that of Typha angustifolia, emergent macrophyte was lowest. The phosphorus content of Trapa japonica showed the highest content of phosphorus among six macrophytes and emergent macrophytes such as Zizania latifolia and Phragmites australis showed lower contents of phosphorus than other life-forms. The annual net primary production of macrophytes in Lake Paldang, 2004, was calculated as 758.4 ton C $yr^{-1}$ and the annual net nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of macrophyte was 16,921 kg $yr^{-1}$ and 1,841.0 kg P $yr^{-1}$ respectively. Comparing the total budget of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Paldang, the amount of primary production and nutrient uptake by macrophytes take a small portion in total budget implying macrophytes do not play an important role in budget of matters in river-type lake, Lake Paldang.

A Study on Reuse of Reclaimed Water in Jeonbuk Province (전북지역 하수처리수 재이용 방안 연구)

  • Cho, Changwoo;Kim, Jintae;Park, Jeongjae;Song, Juhoon;Lee, Miseon;Jeong, Juri;Ryou, Jaewoong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2017
  • This study was aimed at investigating effluent water quality and proposing reuse possibilities for 12 sewage treatment plants discharged more than $5,000m^3/day$ in order to recycle the sewage treatment plant effluent of Jeollabuk-do effectively. Additionally, a laboratory scale test for reprocessing water discharge was performed. Categories of reclaimed sewage water reuse were divided into 7 topics and analyzed a total of 28 items including 16 heavy metals based on water quality standard. As a results, color, BOD, TN, chloride and Electrical Conductivity (EC) exceeded reused water quality standard. In particular, color and TN exceeded in 8 and 5 sewage treatment plants, respectively. The value of chloride and EC were high in sewage treatment plants including the food and industrial wastewater. At 4 sewage treatment plants were possible to reuse without re-treatment. The laboratory scale test was conducted to SandFilter (SF)-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)-MicroFiltraion (MF)-Reverse Osmosis (RO). Both the removal efficiencies and economic feasibility of total E. coli., color and Suspended Solid (SS) suited in case using the SF-GAC treatment method. The removal of chloride and EC had little effect in the case of SF-GAC-MF system, but RO showed over 90% of removal efficiency. After using SF-GAC process only, the concentration of $UV_{254}$ decreased sharply from 0.3651 /cm to 0.0306 /cm and it showed over 92% of removal efficiency rate. In conclusion, for the effective reuse of sewage discharged water, water quality and the surrounding terrain of treatment plants should be all taken into account. If it needed for the reprocessing, both the selection for treatment and economic combination treatment methods will have to be considered.

A Study on the Characteristics of Water Pollution in Rural Areas (농촌유역(農村流域)에서의 수질오염(水質汚染) 특성(特性)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Han-Tea;Kwun, Soon-Kuk
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.129-143
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    • 1993
  • The objective of this study is to understand the status of the water pollution in rural areas and to furnish a basic material for the management of the water pollution in rural areas. For this purpose, the Bokha river basin, Ichon-Gun, Kyungki-Do considering as a typical agricultural area was selected as a representative experimental watershed. The characteristics of water pollution in streams of the Bokha river basin was revealed by investigating and analyzing data collected for the source of pollution, water qualities in reaches of the stream, the degree of contribution to the river contamination by pollution mass produced from each source, and the status of the self-purification at the main stream. The most important source of the water pollution in investigated watershed was livestock, and the next important one were in the order of population, land use, and industry. The water quality of the Bokha river was relatively favorable judging from the BOD and COD concentration, however since the concentration of T-N and T-P showed significantly large values, it was concluded that the river was seriously contaminated by the nutrient material. The main cause of the river contamination was proved due to livestock waste. For the T-N, both land use and livestock were much more contributied to the pollution than any other source, which characterized the typical water pollution of rural areas. Run-off ratios for the Bokha river tributaries to the main stream were changed according to the similar trend to the variation of discharges in the branch streams. For the value of the self-purification constant at the main stream, it showed smaller value in the downstream reach than the middle-stream and upstream reaches, where could possibly have smaller reoxidation action due to slower velocity and deeper water depth.

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Research on the Effect of the Control Methods of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice. (한발기에 있어서 용수관리 방법이 수도생육과 그 수량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김시원
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.2177-2190
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    • 1971
  • This experiment was made to determienthe effect of various soil moisture contents in simulated drought conditions on different stages of rice growth. The drought conditions were developed at such three rice-growing stages as transplanting, immediately after transplanting and young ear forming. Three different lengths of drought periods, which are ten days, twenty days and thirty days, were applied for each growing stage of rice. The rice variety used this experiment is Nong-rim 29. This experiment was conducted at the university farm of the Kon-Kuk University during the period of $1968{\sim}1970$. Three reprications for each of 12 treatments and split plot design were employed in this study. Bottomless wood square boxes, $1^m{\times}1^m{\times}1^m$, were burried in the test plot and box top was covered with poloyethylene sheets to avoid natural rainfall drops. Standard plots were irrigated continuously with a water depth of 40mm/day and those of drought treatments were irrigated continuously up to the beginning of the planned drought period, and they were irrigated again with a depth of 40mm/day up to the maturing stage of rice. Other methods for rice raising followed those methods developed by the Field Crops Experiment Station of the Office of Rural Development. During this experiments, climatic conditions in regard to rainfalls, sunshine hours, and temperatures were observed. According to this observation, those values measured deviate slightly from the annual means. However the growing condition of rice plants were normal. The pH value of irritation water is nearly neutral, and soils in the test plots are relatively fertile, being similar to ordinary paddy soils. Analysis of variances for number of stalks, plan-height, ear sprouting date, length of stalks, ear length, number of ears per plant, fertility, grain weitght, weight of plant, and yield were carried out. The variances for plant height, ear sprouting date, length of stalk ear length, and yield has statistical significance under drought treatments applied at three different growing stages. The variance showing the effect of lengths of drought period is highly significant for all the treatments studied except that of grain weight. The interaction between drought periods and drought treatments at different growing stages is significant for plant height, stalk length, ear length, number of ears, fertility and yield, these results indicated that droughts at different growing stages have influence on plant height, ear length, yield, and length of drought period also has strong influence on all factors studied except grain weight. The combination of drought treatments at different rice growing stages and lengths of drought periods has different effects on various agronomic characteristics, including yield. Plant height under drought treatment practiced at transplanting stage is the lowest, and drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting resulted in the least number of stalks. The effect of different lengths of drought periods on plant height and number of stalks depends signis ficantly on increasing days of drought. Ear sprouting date tends to be delayed for one or two days undedrought treatments at transplanting period and with increasing days of drought. Better yield is secured in drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting. Adverse effect war observed when drought treatment was applied at ear forming period. These effects may be attributed to the alternation of irrigation and drought causing vigorous root activity. In general, yield linearly decreases as the length of the drought period increases. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that, in order to mimimize damage due to drought, and, to save irrigation water, paddy fields, immediately after transplanting, may be not irrigated, since there is sufficient moisture in the soil, and that sufficient irrigation water should be applied again in the ear forming stage of rice plant.

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Desirable Particle Size Distribution of Perlite for Tomato Bag Culture (토마토 자루재배 충진용 펄라이트의 적정 입도분포)

  • Sim Sang-Youn;Lee Su-Yeon;Lee Sang-Woo;Seo Myeong-Whoon;Lim Jae-Wook;Kim Soon-Jae;Kim Young-Shik
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 2006
  • The physical properties of seven perlites different in particle size distribution were investigated to develop perlite bag culture in Korea. Particle sizes of 1.0-2.8mm and larger than 2.8 mm were rather evenly distributed in S-1 (1.2-5 mm), S-2 (0.15-5 mm) and S-5 (parat No.1). Larger particles were less in S-3 (1-3 mm), S-4 (Parat No.2), S-6 (OTAVI) and S-7 (Agroperl B-3). S-4, S-6 and S-7 contained lots of particles less than 1 mm in size. Total porosity was similar among substrates with the value of $59{\sim}62%$. Container capacity was between 35-40% regardless of substrates except in S-2 with 27.7%. Water content, which was about 60% at 0 kPa, was decreased sharply at 4.90 kPa regardless of substrates, which meant the easily available water was plenty in any kind of perlite tested. Substrates, S-1, S-2 and S-3 with different particle size distribution, were investigated to evaluate for perlite bag culture. Six tomatoes (Licopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rokkusanmaru) were planted in a perlite bag of 40 liters with the dimension of 120cm in length and 34cm in width. The amount of nutrient solution supplied and its drainage dependent on daily integrated radiation didn't show any regular trend during the growth. Roots in the bag were distributed evenly in S-1 and S-2 than in S-3. Plant grown in S-1 showed the highest total and marketable yield of 8,628 and 7,759 kg/10a, respectively. The number of small size fruits and malformed fruits were more in S-3. Consequently, S-1 with the particle size distribution of 1.2-5 mm is suggested as desirable substrate for perlite bag culture.

Clinical and Epidemiologic Study of Kawasaki Disease in Children 8 Years of Age and Older (8세 이상 소아에서의 가와사끼병의 임상 역학적 연구)

  • Park, Yong Won;Han, Ji Whan;Park, In Sook;Kim, Chang Hwi;Cha, Sung Ho;Ma, Jae Sook;Kwon, Tae Chan;Lee, Sang Bum;Kim, Chul Ho;Lee, Heung Jae;Yun, Yong Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.48 no.10
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    • pp.1139-1142
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical profiles of Kawasaki disease(KD) in children 8 years of age and older. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data of total 15,692 KD patients were collected from 1994 to 2002 on a 3 year basis, by the retrospective survey. Among them, data of 211 KD patients 8 years of age and older were analyzed and compared with those of the KD patients less than 8 years of age. Results : 211 patients 8 years of age and older(1.3% of total KD patients) with the mean age of 9.8 years, included 142 cases aged 8-10 years, 42 cases aged 10-12 years, and 27 cases aged 12 years and older. The male-to-female ratio was 1.9 : 1, the recurrence rate was 3.8%, and the prevalence of cases in sibling was zero. Coronary arterial(CA) abnormalities were detected by echocardiography in 25.4% of the cases, including 7.6% of CA aneurysm cases. There was 1 case complicated by myocardial infarction. Conclusion : Comparing with the data of the KD patients less than 8 years of age, data of 211 patients 8 years of age and older showed significantly higher incidences of CA abnormalities(25.4% : 19.8%) and CA aneurysms(7.6% : 4.0%).