• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.982-987
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• 2000

미만성 악성 중피세포종은 예후가 불량한 드문 암종으로, 아직까지 적절한 병기 분류가 없고, 병리 조직학적인 진단이 쉽지 않다. 치료에 대해서 논쟁이 많지만 선택된 환자에서 늑막 폐절제술을 시행하고 보조적인항 화학요법과 방사선 요법이 생존 기간을 연장시킬 수 잇다. 저자들은 1992년 6월부터 7년간 미만성 악성 중피세포종 환자 4례에서 늑막 폐절제술을 시행하였으며 수술후 조기 사망은 없었다. 3례의 환자에서 수술후 보조요법을 시행할 수 있었다(보조 화학요법 2례, 보조 화학요법 및 방사선 치료 1례). 그러나 한 예에서는 수술후 발생한 심장염전에 의한 저산소성 뇌손상 및 농흉으로 인하여 보조용법을 시행할 수 없었다. 저자들은 저자들의 늑막 폐 절제술의 경험 및 미만성 악성 중피세포종에 대한 논란이 되는 점을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.30
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• pp.167-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this article is to consider the usage of 'mosu' and 'haberi' in "Shasekishu" written in middle Japanese. In old Japanese, 'mosu' and 'haberi' was used as a modest usage. In middle Japanese, however, the term came to be used in the way to pay respect to the hearer with the shift of its usage, further, in 'jinobun', the writer is using it in the stylistic usage which plays a significant role in providing aesthetic effect for many unspecified readers. As a device to express the honorific forms in middle Japanese, the stylistic usage is claimed to be found with other literary works as well as "Shasekishu".

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.354
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• pp.106-117
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• 2022

환경부는 지난 5월 3일 '자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률 시행령(약칭 : 자원재활용법 시행령)'을 일부 개정했다. 합성수지재질 제품의 회수와 재활용을 촉진하기 위해 제품·포장재의 제조업자나 수입업자가 제품·포장재의 제조 또는 수입으로 발생한 폐기물을 회수해 재활용해야 하는 재활용의무 대상 제품·포장재에 합성수지재질의 제품 중 산업용 필름, 교체용 정수기 필터, 어망, 폴리프로필렌 재질의 생활용품 등 15개 품목을 추가한 것이다. 다만 사업자의 급격한 부담 증가를 방지하기 위해 전년도 연간 매출액이 10억 원 미만인 제조업자 등은 2025년까지 재활용의무를 면제받을 수 있다. 다음에 그 상세한 내용을 지난호에 이어서 살펴보도록 한다. 재활용의무를 면제받을 수 있다. 다음에 그 상세한 내용을 지난호에 이어서 살펴보도록 한다.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.313-346
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• 2018

It is noted that generally speaking, the expressing of actualization or non-actualization of events is not the main role of possibility for the utilization of expressions. In spite of this fact, it is possible to see many examples in which possibility expressions represent actual events, and impossibility expressions represent a type of non-actualization in relation to events. This effect can be described as a semantic extension, by which the participant-internal possibility is extended to actualization due to participant-internal factors, and the participant-external possibility is extended to the actualization due to participant-external factors. When the related possibility expressions are used in this extended sense, they express the dynamic evaluative meaning of 'desirability' of the realized event, while it is determined that when the impossibility expressions are used in this extended sense, they are seen to express the evaluative meaning of 'regretfulness' about the non-actualization of the event. In Modern Japanese, it is noted that there are a few expressions of ability and possibility. They can be largely divided into four types of expressions, according to their origins or uses of expression, which are 'ability verbs', affixes '-れる/られる(-reru/rareru)', '-できる(-dekiru)', and '-得る(-eru)'. They can all express participant-internal possibility and participant-external non-deontic possibility. While 'ability verbs', affixes '-れる/られる' and '-できる' can express participant-external deontic possibility, '-得る' cannot. However, '-得る' is the only possible element to designate the event of a epistemic possibility. Also, the four types of expressions have the usage of conveying 'actualization/non-actualization,' as is the case of the Korean language. However in Japanese, in fact adjectives cannot be associated with 'ability verbs' or 'ability affixes.' Thus the expressions of 'regrets' should in that case depend on the use contexts, unlike the expression 'adj+-지 못하다' as noted in Korean. The ability and possibility in Modern Chinese are mainly expressed by means of the four auxiliary verbs '能($n{\acute{e}}ng$)', '会(huì)', '可以(kěyǐ)' and '可能 ($k{\check{e}}n{\acute{e}}ng$)'. '能' and '会' along with '可以' can all convey participant-internal possibility. In this way '能' and '可以' can express participant-external possibility. Only '会' and '可能' can express epistemic possibility. As for 'actualization,' among the four auxiliary verbs, only '能' can represent actualization. Also, among the negatives of the four auxiliary verbs, only '沒能' can represent non-actualization.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.175-197
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the formation of Korean social welfare delivery system and its pathway, from which the pending issues are to be discussed on the organizations and personnel of the delivery system using the word 'social welfare' with its related discourse. Historical institutionalism is chosen as the perspective to explain path-dependent change and critical juncture, and various legislative data are used as the indicative signals for the discourse of 'social welfare'. The results of the study are as follows. First, the term 'social welfare' began to be institutionalized in Korea by the enactment of Livehood Protection Law(1961). Second, the policies by the year 1987 of expanding social welfare center and introducing social welfare professionals as civil servants form a critical juncture which makes the social welfare discourse realized as the institutional realities. Third, until the year around 2014, the system has not changed in the perspective of macro framework. Fourth, currently the system shows several signs of severe turmoil, which might lead to dismantle the system of 'social welfare' discourse. To conclude, this study shows the possibility of explaining organizations and personnel composing the social welfare delivery system by the usage of discourse analysis, treating it as an analytical entity.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2008

The radioactive wastes generated from the nuclear industry can be divided into the forms of solid, liquid, or gas. Radioactive methyl iodide, a gaseous radioactive waste, is absorbed by activated carbon with 5 wt% of Trietylenediamine (1,4-diazania-bicycle[2.2.2]octane, TEDA) impregnated on the surface. Methyl Iodide ($CH_3I$) is combined chemically with TEDA (the final product : I-TEDA). To recycle radioactive activated carbon, removal of I-TEDA from activated carbon is needed. A wet method for recycling impregnated active carbon was developed to remove radioactive I-TEDA using an acetonitrile solution, which produces lots of secondary wastes. We suggest the removal of I-TEDA by supercritical carbon dioxide with co-solvents. In this experiment, we used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for measuring the removal rate of the I-TEDA. From the experimental results, methanol was found to be the optimum co-solvent, and the optimum conditions such as temperature, pressure, and co-solvent flow rate were obtained. Possibility of using supercritical fluid in the removal of I-TEDA from radioactive activated carbon was also discussed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.195-218
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the terminology of the dictionary as an encyclopedic element in the Buddhist language. The previous study on Buddhist language can be divided into a philosophical approach to the language itself, a review of the linguistic perspective of a specific monk, and a linguistic examination of the Buddhist language. The linguistic examination of the Buddhist language is further divided into analysis of certain Buddhist scriptures, and a study of vocabulary used throughout the Buddhist sphere. The Buddhist vocabulary in the existing Korean dictionary is found in specialized areas such as name, place name, history, and Buddhism. By advancing the generalized words of the terminologies, the meanings of the terminologies and the general words are described as polysemy. It is possible to identify the degree of transition from terminology to general word depending on the distribution of senses. In the case of Buddhist vocabulary, the usage as a general language and as a Buddhist term was given priority, and vocabulary was also derived from a Buddhist term, although it was described as a general language. If a dictionary is changed according to the language unit it contains, the difference in a Buddhist terminology for each dictionary, and a conflict between the existing academic research result and the prior description, will need to be resolved through the collaboration of religious experts, linguists, and lexicographers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

Burkholderia cepacia is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus known to cause opportunistic infections in the immune-compromised hosts. This microorganism is strongly virulent and causes a necrotising invasive infection that may lead to death. As B. cepacia is highly resistant to various antimicrobials, combination antimicrobial therapy must be used instead of monotherapy. We report a successful treatment of lung abscess that was naturally caused by B. cepacia in a healthy child, through combination antimicrobial therapy of meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and operative management.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.133-156
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• 2007

Although the understanding of English tense system is a crucial factor for communicative English learning and teaching for EFL students, it has been neglected over the years. As with other areas of the grammar, difficulties may arise from the nature of the system itself or from differences between time, tense and aspect. Consequently, many learners face a considerable difficulty with the English tense system as they are more often unable to grasp the basic conceptual differences of present/present continuous, past/present perfect, will/be going to along with many others. More concerning fact is that lots of instructors or so-called native English teachers seem not to be aware of the importance of teaching English tense system. The purpose of this study is to review and examine various theories and practical usages of tense in order to establish and/or present better methods for teaching tenses. This paper is focused on comparatively exact distinction of time, physical notion from tense, grammatical category as well as sequences of tenses in view of school grammar and communicative function. At the end or middle of each chapter, efficient teaching and learning techniques or strategies on tenses are suggested to help instructors or learners who relentlessly face confusions in understanding tense and its usage for communicative English learning and teaching. This study attempts to influence learners' ability to recognize and write tense in authentic contexts not to mention spoken English.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.89-107
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• 2004

Wir benutzen den Ausgangsbereich und Zielbereich, um den $Proze{\ss}der$ Metaphorisierung zu $erkl\"{a}ren$. Die Bedeutungen eines Wortes besteht aus einer $w\"{o}rtlichen$ Bedeutung und verschiedenen phraseologischen Bedeutungen, die wieder aus lexikalisierten Wort-Metaphern und neuen Wort-Metaphern bestehen. Welche Bedeutung davon realisiert wird, $h\"{a}ngt$ von der lexikalischen Umgebung des Textes, $n\"{a}mlich$ yon der semantischen Valenz des Verbs ab. Wenn man das Verb backen auf Brot bezieht, bleibt das noch eine $w\"{o}rtliche$ Bedeutung, $w\"{a}hrend$ dassel be Verb, wenn man es auf Doktor, Ehepaar oder Berufseinsteiger bezieht, zu einer metaphorischen und phraseologischen Bedeutung wird. Eine metaphorische (=phraseologische) Bedeutung wird bei allen untersuchten Beispielen durch die verschiedene semantische Valenz von der $w\"{o}rtlichen$ Bedeutung und auch von anderen phraseologischen Bedeutungen unterschieden. Es ist auch $m\"{o}glich$, dass jeder eine Phraseologie anders $einsch\"{a}tzt$, zum Beispiel einer $k\"{o}nnte$ frisch gebackener Doktor zu lexikalisierten Wort-Metaphern rechnen, $w\"{a}hrend$ ein anderer denselben Ausdruck zu neuen Wort-Metaphern mit $(\"{U})$ rechnen wurde. Neue Metaphern werden immer wieder erfunden von Autoren, urn die poetische Ausdruckskraft zu $erh\"{o}hen$, denn veraltete Metaphern haben nicht mehr soleh einen starken Effekt wie eine frisch erfundene neue Metapher.