• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(Norland XR26 DEXA) in 80 children aged between 2months and 15years (group 1 : 2month-1years, group 2 : 1year-5years, group 3 : 6years-10years, group 4 : 11years-15years). The correlation coefficient of BMD with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage were 0.696, 0.693, 0.717 and 0.636 respectively. There were significant difference in BMD($g/cm^2$) between group 1(BMD : $0.335{\pm}0.175$) and group 2(BMD : $0.627{\pm}0.200$). and group 3(BMD : $0.714{\pm}0.189$) and group 4(BMD : $0.873{\pm}0.163$)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of BMD between boys and girls(P<0.05). BMD also increased significantly with development of Tanner stages(Tanner stage 1 : $0.547{\pm}0.234$, Tanner stage 2 : $0.783{\pm}0.136$, Tanner stage 3 : $0.998{\pm}0.080$ )(P<0.05). These data indicate that the BMD was correlated with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage significantly and BMD increased significantly during growth spurt occured in 1 to 4years of age and puberty.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2009

Background: $^{18}F$-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used for the diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to determine whether the bone marrow hypermetabolism seen on FDG-PET predicts a response to chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC. Methods: We evaluated the patients with advanced NSCLC and who were treated with combination chemotherapy. For determination of the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the bone marrow (BM SUV) on FDG-PET, regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn over the lumbar vertebrae (L1, 2, 3). ROIs were also drawn on a homogenous transaxial slice of the liver to obtain the bone marrow/ liver SUV ratio (BM/L SUV ratio). The response to chemotherapy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) criteria after three cycles of chemotherapy. Results: Fifty-nine NSCLC patients were included in the study. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. The BM SUV and the BM/L SUV ratio on FDG-PET were not associated with a response to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients (p=0.142 and 0.978, respectively). Conclusion: The bone marrow hypermetabolism seen on FDG-PET can not predict a response to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 1991

A clinical review of 31 cases of multiple myeloma which were diagnosed by criteria of the SWOG between May 1983 and February 1990 at Yeungnam University Hospital was done. The results were as followings : 1. The peak incidence was in 7th decade and male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. 2. The most common presenting symptom at first diagnosis was bone pain (58%), but fever, dyspnea, dizziness and palpable mass were also noted. 3. The distribution of laboratory findings as following diagnostic criteria of Southwest oncology group(SWOG) : plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy was noted 6 cases, bone marrow plasmacytosis with more than 10% plasma cells was 22 cases, monoclonal globulin spike on serum electrophoresis was 24 cases, lytic bone lesions was observed 22 cases. 4. Initial clinical stages were classified as 2 cases in stage I, 3 cases in stage II, 26 cases in stage III(84%) 5. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the distribution of IgG 64%, light chain 22%, IgA 10%. Kappa to Lambda ratio of 1.1 : 1. 6. Hematologic & biochemical fingins revealed anemia with <8.5% of hemoglobulin in 42%, hypercalcemia with < 10.6mg% of serum calcium in 22%, azotemia >2.0mg% of serum creatinine in 19%. 7. The multiple punched out lesion of bone x-ray examination were noticed skull(65%), rib(42%), L-spine(35%), pelvis(23%), T-spine(19%). The initial skeletal roentgenographic findings showed osteoporosis, osteolytic lesion and fracture in 55%, only osteolytic lesion in 23%, only osteoporosis in 10%. 8. Complications of multiple myeoloma, such as 10 cases of renal impairment, 8 cases of infection, 16 cases of compression fracture of spine were observed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2013

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat spinal metastases. To achieve the highest steep dose gradients and conformal dose distributions of target tumors, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques are essential to spine radiosurgery. The purpose of the study was to qualitatively compare IMRT and VMAT techniques with International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium (ISRC) contoured consensus guidelines for target volume definition. Planning target volume (PTV) was categorized as TB, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ depending on sectors involved; $T_B$ (vertebral body only), $T_{BPT}$ (vertebral body+pedicle+transverse process), and $T_{ST}$ (spinous process+transverse process). Three patients treated for spinal tumor in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region were selected. Eacg tumor was contoured by the definition from the ISRC guideline. Maximum spinal cord dose were 12.46 Gy, 12.17 Gy and 11.36 Gy for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ sites, and 11.81 Gy, 12.19 Gy and 11.99 Gy for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. Average fall-off dose distance from 90% to 50% isodose line for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$, and $T_{ST}$ sites were 3.5 mm, 3.3 mm and 3.9 mm and 3.7 mm, 3.7 mm and 3.3 mm for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. For the most complicated target $T_{BPT}$ sites in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions, the conformity index of the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 is 0.621, 0.761 and 0.817 and 0.755, 0.796 and 0.824 for rDHI. Both IMRT and VMAT techniques delivered high conformal dose distributions in spine stereotactic radiosurgery. However, if the target volume includes the vertebral body, pedicle, and transverse process, IMRT planning resulted in insufficient conformity index, compared to VMAT planning. Nevertheless, IMRT technique was more effective in reducing the maximum spinal cord dose compared to RA1 and RA2 techniques at most sites.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.519-531
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise program on short physical performance battery, bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. This study subjects were 22 elderly female volunteers, aged 65-75 years and they divided into the combined exercise group(n=11) and the "no exercise" control group(n=11). The combined exercise included the line dance program performed twice per week for 60 minutes and the resistance exercise program performed once per week during 12 weeks. Exercise intensity was progressively increased from RPE "fairly light" to "slightly hard" (from 11 to 14). The findings of this study were as follows; Short physical performance battery(Balance test, gait speed, and rising from a chair five times) and bone mineral density (lumbar spine L2~L4 bone densities, and the T-score) were significantly increased after 12 weeks in the exercise group compared to the baseline. The PTH level was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to the baseline. In conclusion, regular and continuous physical activity was effective for improving short physical performance and had a positive effect on bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone. With aging, women have decreased muscle strength and bone density and therefore, it is strongly recommended that women need to carry out continuous physical activity to prevent disease and ensure a healthy retirement.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical result of arthroscopic treatments by using suture anchors or suture anchors combined with cannulated screw in the greater tuberosity fracture of the proximal humerus fracture. Materials and Methods: From March 2004 to March 2006 we have used suture anchor or suture anchors combined with cannulated screw for 6 cases of the greater tuberosity fracture which include displaced fractures, comminuted fractures and minimally displaced fractures with comcomittent lesions such as rotator cuff tears, stiffness and labral lesion. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes by using the range of motion, University of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA) and the ASES shoulder index score (ASES) in the average 6 months follow up. Results: At the last follow up, average range of motion was improved to 154.3 degree, 145.8 degree, 32.6 degree and L1 vertebrae in each forward flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation. Clinically the UCLA rating scales improved to 31.5 and the ASES shoulder index score (ASES) improved to 93.6 in the last follow up. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatments by using suture anchor or suture anchors combined with cannulated screw in the greater tuberosity fracture of the proximal humerus fracture is an alternative treatment of the greater tuberosity fracture of the proximal humerus fracture.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

Purpose: To analyze retrospectively the outcome of postoperative radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for curatively resected stage II pancreatic cancer with T3 or N1 disease. Materials and Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2005, twenty-eight patients completed adjuvant radiation therapy at Ajou University Hospital. The patients had either pathologic T3 stage or N1 stage. The radiation target volume encompassed the initial tumor bed identified preoperatively, resection margin area and celiac nodal area. In the case of N1 patients, the radiation field extended to the lower margin of the L3 vertebra for covering both para-aortic lymph nodes bearing area. The median total radiation dose was 50 Gy. Ten patients received concurrent chemotherapy. Results: Thirteen patients (46%) showed loco-regional recurrences. The celiac axis nodal area was the most frequent site (4 patients). Five patients showed both loco-regional recurrence and a distant metastasis. Patients with positive lymph nodes had a relatively high probability of a distant metastasis (57.1%). Patients that had a positive resection margin showed a relatively high local failure rate (57.1%). The median disease-free survival period of all patients was 6 months and the 1-and 2-year disease free survival rates were 27.4% and 8.2%, respectively. The median overall survival period was 9 months. The 2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 31.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The pancreatic cancer patients with stage II had a high risk of local failure and a high risk of a distant metastasis. We suggest the concurrent use of an effective radiation-sensitizing chemotherapeutic drug and adjuvant chemotherapy after postoperative radiation therapy for the treatment of patients with stage II pancreatic cancer.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2005

The experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of Bosaengtang in pregnant rats and fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with Bosaengtang at the dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at the 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Fetuses were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. Fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S, and observed skeletal malformations. The results obtained were as follows : Bosaengtang administered group showed higher maternal body weight than the control group, but both groups showed increase in weight. Bosaengtang administered group showed lower than the control group, and higher liver and kidney weight than the control group, but the differences were minimal. There were no significant changes between the control and treated group in blood chemistry values and hematological values but all the groups were within in normal ranges. There were no significant changes in the number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetus and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate, sex ratio, but Bosaengtang administered group showed higher early resorption rate than control group. comparing the control and Bosaengtang group, neonatal body weight and the number of fetuses were increased in Bosaengtang group. The fetuses of dams treated with Oriental medicine didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Bosaengtang group, but the differences were not apparent compared to the control group. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were normal. The number of sacral was similar and the number of caudal was increased. Fetuses showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebrae. (P<0.01) From these results, we can carefully conclude that Bosaengtang showed beneficial effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, number of live fetus. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematoscopy, reproduction organs. External malformation wasn't visible. Skeletal variations were showed in vertebrae and sternum but compared to the control group, these variations weren't much different.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2001

Purpose : Enterovirus is a common cause of aseptic meningitis and nonspecific febrile illness in young children. During the summer and fall months, enterovirus-infected young children are frequently admitted and evaluated to rule out bacterial sepsis and/or meningitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nonpolio enterovirus infection and febrile illness in infants under 3 months of age during the summer, fall months by using a stool culture to identify the presence of enterovirus. Methods : Patients included febrile infants under 3 months of age admitted to Masan Fatima Hospital for sepsis evaluation from May 1999 to September 1999. Cultures were performed from stool and Cerebrospinal fluid samples and then were tested for enterovirus infection. Viral isolation and serotype identification were performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent testing. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent testing were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : A total of 44 febrile infants were enrolled; of those, 20(45%) were positive for enterovirus. Two enterovirus culture-positive infants had concomitant urinary tract infection and one had Kawasaki disease. All infants infected with an enterovirus recovered without complications. Serotype of 20 enteroviruses were isolated from stool, 3 of echovirus type 9, 1 of echovirus type 11, 1 Coxsachievirus type B4, 15 of untyped enteroviruses. One untyped enterovirus was isolated in the CSF. Conclusion : Nonpolio enterovirus infections are associated with nonspecific febrile illnesses in infants under 3 months of age.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.764-778
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• 1997

To find the medical insurance utilization of workers when suffering from low back pain, an analysis was made toward the data of medical insurance benefits matched with the general characteristics of 10,183 workers, who were registered continuously from 1993 to 1995 at a medical insurance cooperation for industrial workers. The results were as follows; 1. The period prevalence of the medical insurance utilization for low back pain for 3 years from 1993 to 1995 was calculated as 17.1% for male workers and 19.4% for female workers. Most common cause of utilization was other dorsopathies including the herniation of lumbar discs. 2. The utilization rate increased significantly as the present age and the age joining the company got older(p<0.001). As the duration of employment got longer, the utilization rate of the male showed the tendency to increase and that of the female increased significantly(p<0.05). Among male workers employed at cement and concrete manufacturing companies showed higher utilization rate and among female laborers showed significantly higher utilization rate than clerical workers(p<0.01). 3. Annual utilization rate for low back pain didn't show any difference, but the portion of other dorsopathies among cause of utilization showed the tendency to increase from 1993 to 1995. 4. The mean number of claims for outpatient medical care for low back pain differed significantly by age, working duration, type of industries, income level(p<0.05), and the mean of total visiting days for care of low back pain differed significantly by working duration. In conclusion, considering the fact that the medical insurance utilization for low back pain increased annually and other dorsopathies including the herniation of dorsopathies were increasing, an effective preventive or management program for low back pain toward worker employed at industries were required.