• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.850-853
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• 2006

The VSD in TOF is usually large and unrestrictive with an equal to or greater than that of the aortic annulus. Typically shunting through the VSD is bidirectional or right-to-left component. Restrictive VSD in TOF caused by ingrowing fibrotic tissue is very rare. We report a case of restrictive VSD and LVOTO in TOF caused by ingrowing fibrotic tissue with the review of literature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2012

An 11-year-old, intact female Shihtzu showing anuria was diagnosed as a urethral leiomyoma. The tumor occupied and obstructed the urethral lumen. In this report, the urethral tumor and secondary obstruction could be diagnosed via ultrasonography and contrast study such as excretory urography and voiding urethrography. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, demarcated urethral mass in proximal urethra. Contrast study confirmed the urethral obstruction and ruled out the expansion of the tumor into the urinary bladder. The clinical signs of the dog were completely resolved after removing the urethral mass and urethral anastomosis. Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor, and rarely reported in lower urinary tract.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

Nowadays, Web-based bulletin board system is widely used for e-learning because of its effectiveness in communicating and information sharing. But harmful or irrelevant contents are frequently posted and these affect students in learning community based on Web-boards and the ill effect of Web-board is revealed. Some Web-boards provide features that allow users can filter specific words to resolve this problem but those features have shortcomings. Using these features the content that contains harmful words is always removed even if the whole meaning of it isn't harm and user who uses harmful words habitually cannot have an opportunity of having his/her bad habit be corrected. In this paper, we proposed new way of dealing with harmful words that overcomes those shortcomings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.304-306
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• 2005

아키텍쳐(Architecture)는 프로젝트 초기에 결정된 설계 결정사항을 기재해 놓은 산출물이고 프로젝트 관련자(Stakeholder)간 의사소통의 수단이다. 아키텍쳐가 안정되어야 향후 진화(Evolution) 과정 중에 시스템을 이해하고 예측 관리하는 것이 쉬워지고 또한 기본 구조를 변경하지 않고 여러 가지 기능을 추가할 수 있다. 아키텍쳐 안정성(Architecture Stability)이란 진화과정 중에 발생하는 변경들을 견디는 정도를 말하고 변경은 적응변경(Adaptive Changes), 교정변경(Corrective Changes), 완전변경(Perfective Changes )을 포함한다. 그런데 진화 과정 동안에 변경들은 필연적으로 발생하게 되고 그로 인해 결정된 아키텍쳐는 본래의 모습을 그대로 유지할 수 없게 된다. 따라서 진화 과정시 아키텍쳐의 안정성을 측정하고 향후 변경에 대한 대비가 필요하다. 본 논문은 변경의 크기, 변경의 횟수, 변경의 종류와 아키텍쳐 불안정성의 관계를 버전별로 연구하고 그와 관련된 매트릭을 제안한다. 매트릭을 실제 프로젝트(Ant,JDT)에 적용하고 측정된 결과를 통해 아키텍쳐 안정성을 살펴봄으로써, 향후 안정성을 고려하여 아키텍쳐를 관리하고 개발하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1373-1376
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• 1996

From October 1993 to February 1996, 9 patients with Wolfr-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent surgical ablation of the accessory atrioventricular conduction pathways. The indications for surgical ablation we e radiofrequency ablation failure in 6 cases, multiple accessory pathways in 1 case, catheter tip fracture ducting catheter ablation in 1 case and additional procedure(redo mitral valve replacement due to valve thrombosis) in 1 case. There was no operative mortality. The postoperative complications were noted In 2 cases pericardial effusion and wound Infection. All patients had accessory atrioventricular connections ablated which were proven by surface ECG and follow-up electrophysiologic study and have remained free of symptomatic tachycardia. The indications for surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome are radiofrequency ablation failure, multiple pathways, or when additional procedures are required The present results were satisfactory.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.770-773
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• 2009

Rhabdomyoma has been reported to be the most common type of cardiac tumors in fetuses and children, and multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas almost certainly signify the association with tuberous sclerosis. We report here on a case of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) that was associated with multiple rhabdomyomas and tuberous sclerosis. A two-year-old boy, who had undergone systemic-pulmonary shunt during the neonatal period, received total correction of his ToF after the complete regression of the cardiac tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he has been follow-up for 2 months. The boy is currently in an excellent condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.961-969
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fate of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation(LAVVR) following repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs). Material and Method: Between July 1984 and March 2002, repair of complete AV defects were performed in 77 patients. Mean age at surgery was 30.23$\pm$69.11 months (range 1 to 456). Echocardiograms of all survivors after isolated AVSDs correction were reviewed. LAVVR were evaluated with color doppler echocardiography in 64 survival periodically. On each study, LAVVR severity was graded on a 1 to 4 scale, based upon the size of the regurgitated jet. Result: Mild deterioration of LAVV function was fairly common. LAVVR severity increased by >1 grade in 19 patients (30.2%) during the course of the study. However, the deterioration in LAVVR function occurred primarily between 12 and 24 months postoperatively. After the initial 24 postoperative months, LAVVR worsened on only 8 occasions and in each instance worsened by only 1 grade. Deterioration more than 3+ LAVVR occurred in only 3 patients. And deterioration to 4+ LAVVR was not observed after the initial 24 postoperative months but one. Survival curve analysis predicted a 88.2% of ten-year freedom rate from development of 4+ LAVVR after initial operation of complete AVSDs. Conclusion: Postoperative LAVVR remains fairly stable following AVSDs repair, Serious deterioration is rare after 24 postoperative months, especially after the initial 48 postoperative months. But serial follow-up study with echocariogram was need till 24 postoperative months after repair of complete AVSDs.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate an individual phoria compensating effect by measuring the lens adaptation after wearing horizontal prism or spherical lenses at near. Methods: 103 subjects (63 males and 40 females) aged $22.43{\pm}2.07years$ participated for this study. Refractive errors of subjects were fully corrected, and subjects were classified into three groups; esophoria, orthophoria and exophoria. The adaptation test of prism and spherical lenses was performed immediately, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after wearing lenses with $OU\;2\;{\Delta}\;BO$ and S+1.00 D for an esophoria group and $OU\;2\;{\Delta}\;BI$ and S-1.00 D for orthophoria and exophoria groups, respectively. Each measured phoria was compared to phoria measured with fully corrected condition, and the phoria changing effects about both lenses was analyzed. Results: The mean of phoria by prism lenses significantly decreased for every group. The mean of phoria by spherical lenses also significantly decreased in orthophoria and exophoria groups. The esophoria group showed a decreasing tendency but has no significance. The decreased phoria value by prism lens was classified into three steps; 90~100%, 0~10% and 50% or more. According to results of individual distribution ratio, it was 5, 64 and 24 subjects at 30 minutes after wearing lenses, respectively. The decreased phoria value by spherical lens was classified into three steps; 90~100%, 0~10% and 50% or more. According to results of individual distribution ratio, it was 37, 53 and 41 subjects at 30 minutes after wearing lenses, respectively. The subjects having no phoria changed by both prism and spherical lenses were 37.9%. Conclusions: When prescribing to compensate the near horizontal phoria using prism or spherical lens, the pretest for lens adaptation should be taken before prescription.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.380-391
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• 2010

Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens causing lower respiratory infections (LRI) in young children, usually of limited severity. However, in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, one of the high-risk groups for RSV infection, RSV can cause serious illnesses and fatal results. To elucidate the effects of RSV infection in CHD patients, we observed RSV infection cases among CHD patients and non-CHD patients. Methods : On admission of 343 LRI patients over 3 years, 77 cases of RSV infection were detected by the RSV antigen rapid test of nasopharyngeal secretion. We compared RSV infection cases among groups of CHD and non-CHD patients. Results : During the winter season, RSV caused 20-0% of LRI admissions in children. In patients with completely repaired simple left to right (L-R) shunt diseases such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, RSV infections required short admission days similar to non-CHD patients. In patients with repaired CHD other than simple L-R shunt CHD, for whom some significant hemodynamic problems remained, RSV infection required long admission days with severe clinical course. In children with unrepaired CHD, RSV infection mostly occurred in early infant age, with long admission days. RSV infections within a month after cardiac surgery also required long admission days and severe clinical course. Conclusion : To avoid the tragedic outcome of severe RSV infection in the CHD patients, efforts to find the subgroups of CHD patients at high risk to RSV infection are needed, and effective preventive treatment should be applied.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.591-598
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• 2000

This study was designed to analysis the airway which affects to breathing, speech and facial growth pattern in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Upper airway and the position of hyoid bone pattern were analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the 78 subjects of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate group and each group was divided two sub-groups by circumpubertal growth peak and gender. These data were statistically analyzed to examine the difference between pre-circumpubertal growth peak group and post-circumpubertal growth peak one, and between male and female group. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, the position of hyoid bone was lower than before in both male and female group. 2. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, the measurement were increased in CV3ia-APH, PNS-ad which related to the volume of pharyngeal space. This was due to the decrease of adenoid and anteroiferior growth of mandible and affected to breathing and speech after circumpubertal growth peak. 3. During circumpubertal growth peak stage, all measurements increased more in male than female group, which due to the different amount of growth in different gender. 4. The position of hyoid bone was lower in male than female group in all age group. 5. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, CV3ia-APH increased more in male. This was due to the more growth in madible of male which resulted in the activation of digastric muscle.