• Title/Summary/Keyword: 올방개

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Weed Occurrence and Yield Loss due to Weeds in Different Direct - Seeded Rice Paddy Fields (벼 직파재배(直播栽培) 유형(類型)에 따른 잡초발생(雜草發生) 및 벼의 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, H.H.;Pyon, J.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 1998
  • The pattern of rice cultivation in Korea is changing from hand transplanting and machine transplanting into direct-seeding for low input and cost-down practices. However, there are still some obstacles to establish the direct-seeding cultural practices because of poor seedling stand, lodging, and weed infestation. In particular, there were much more and wide weed occurrence in direct-seeding rice as compared with the transplanted rice. Weed occurrence in terms of dry weight of weeds was highest in dry direct-seeded rice followed by sowing an puddled soil, sowing on submerged soil in order as compared with transplanting with infant rice seedling. Echinochloa crux-galli was a common dominant weed with 35~44% distribution in any direct-seeding methods. The dominant weed species were E. crux-galli, Cyperus difformis, C. serotinus, and Ludwigia prostrata in dry-seeded rice. The dominant weed species in water-seeded rice were E. crus-galli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, and Monochoria vaginalis. Yield loss of rice due to weeds at weedy condition was 96% in dry direct-seeded rice. In water-seeded rice, yield loss was 61%, whereas yield loss was 40% in machine transplanting with infant rice seedling.

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Weeds on Rice Paddy Field of Jeonnam Western Region (전남지역 벼 재배방법에 따른 잡초 발생 특성)

  • Im, Il-Bin;Im, Bo-Hyeok;Park, Jea-Hyeon;Jang, Jeong-Han;Im, Min-Hyeok;Lee, In-Yong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.295-307
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    • 2015
  • Surveys of weed species in paddy fields were conducted to identify weed occurrence on July 2013. Total 237 sites of paddy fields in 9 City/Gun, Jeonnam Provinces in Korea were investigated. From the survey, 45 weed species in 18 families were identified and classified to 33 annuals and 15 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Poaceae (9 species) and 8 and 4 weed species belonged to Cyperaceae and Scrophulariaceae, respectively. These 21 weed species in the most four families accounted for 46% of total weed occurrence. The most dominant weed species in Korean paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (18.5%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12.3%), Lemna perpusilla (8.2), Eleocharis kuroguwai (5.2%) and Scirpus juncoides (5.2%). The most dominant weed species in machine transplanting paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (14%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12%) and in water seeded rice paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (25%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (11%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in paddy fields.

Fact-finding Survey on Occurrence of Paddy Field Weeds and The Use of Paddy Field Herbicides at Farmer's Level in Korea (논잡초 발생양상 및 논 제초제 사용 실태조사)

  • Kim, Chang-Seok;Lee, Jeongran;Won, Tae-Jin;Seo, Young-Ho;Kim, Eun-Jung;Lee, Sun-Gye;Cho, Seung-Hyun;Kwon, Oh-Do;Kim, Sang-Kuk;Chung, Wan-Gyu;Park, Tae-Seon;Moon, Byeong-Chul;Park, Jae-Eup;Lee, In-Yong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2012
  • A fact-finding survey was conducted to obtain the basic information on nation-wide weed distribution and farmer's opinions to weed control strategy in paddy field. Most respondents considered Echinochloa spp., Monochloa vaginalis, Sagittaria trifolia, and Scirpus juncoides etc. as dominate weeds in paddy fields. And herbicide resistant weed species were M. vaginalis, S. juncoides, E. oryzicola and S. pygmaea etc. Purchase guidances for herbicide selection, experience of farmers was 34.0% and dealers recommendation was 33.9% at farmer's level. And paddy field herbicides application frequence were one time 15.6% but twice 75.6%. Preferred herbicides were ranked in the following order: oxadizone 12% EC, butachlor 5% GR, butachlor 33% CS, mefenacet pyrazodulfuron-ethyl 21.42% SC, and oxadiargyl 1.7% EC etc. in paddy fields. And in most preferred foliar herbicide were bentazone MCPA 38.6% SL and bentazone cyhalop-butyl 18.5% ME, 48.5% and 22.3%, respectively.

Eleocharis kuroguwai Control Systems and Their Effects on Tuber Formation in Directly Seeded Paddy Fields (벼 담수직파 논 잡초방제 체계에 따른 올방개 방제 특성)

  • Im, Il-Bin;Im, Bo-Hyeok;Park, Jea-Hyeon;Im, Min-Hyeok;Kim, Dea-Hyeon;Jang, Jeong-Han;Choi, Kyeong-Jin
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to investigate the ecology of weed occurrence and to establish an economical paddy field weed control system for direct-seeded rice on water. The main problem weed among annual and perennial weeds was Eleocharis kuroguwai. The control effect of E. kuroguwai was low by the application of azimsulfuron + carfentrazone-ethyl + pyriminobac-methyl at the early stages of rice in directly seeded paddy fields, but most annual weeds including Echinochloa crus-galli were controlled. Also, the additional application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + thiobencarb GR at 20 days after first treatment or of bentazone SL at 43 days after the first treatment effectively controlled E. kuroguwai. Tuber formation of E. kuroguwai was inhibited by the additional application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + thiobencarb by 84%, but the dormancy rate of old tubers of E. kuroguwai under the soil was higher than that of E. kuroguwai tubers following single application of azimsulfuron + carfentrazone-ethyl + pyriminobac-methyl at the early stages of rice. Tuber formation was inhibited by the additional application of bentazone by approximately 87%, and the old tuber dormancy rate was low in the bentazone treatment. High amounts of old dormant tubers of E. kuroguwai were found in the weedy plots.

Ecological Characteristics of Local Collections of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi. and Their Geographical Differentiation (올방개 지방수집종(地方蒐集種)들의 생태적(生態的) 특성(特性) 및 그의 지리적(地理的) 분화(分化)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kwon, Yong-Woong;Seong, Ki-Yeong
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 1983
  • To study ecological characteristics of Eleocharis kuroguwai occuring in Korea its propagules were collected from 6 locations from the northern part to the southern part of Korea (Chuncheon, Suweon, Iri, Jeonju, Gwangiu and Milyang) in 1981, cultured and replanted 3 times (May 20, June 5, June 20) in 1982. They flowered from August 5 to August 27 when they were planted on May 20, and from August 20 to August 27 when they were planted on Tune 20. Plant height, number of tillers and top fresh weight/$m^2$ were 50-90cm, 500-875, and 175-750g, respectively when they were planted on May 20, and 40-70cm, 250-625, 325-625g, respectively when they were planted on June 20. Number of tubers per plant were 0.98-1.98 when they were planted on May 20, and 1.81-2.87 when they were planted on June 20. Eleocharis kuroguwai from Chuncheon or Suweon was more open in plant type, shorter in plant height, narrower in diameter of pedicel and shorter in inflorescence than those from Iri, Jeonju or Gwangju. Each of the local collections may be regarded as different ecotype, based on the above differences in morphology and responses in growth and flowering to the planting dates. The results appear to imply that Eleocharis kuroguwai weeds occurring in various locations of Korea are different one another in competitive avility with rice crop.

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Effects of Mixture and Systematic Application of Herbicides on Weed Control and Yield in Transplanted Rice (이앙답(移秧畓)에서 제초제(除草劑)의 혼합(混合), 조합처리(組合處理)가 제초효과(除草效果) 및 벼 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, J.K.;Ku, Y.C.;Lee, J.H.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.20-30
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    • 1982
  • A field experiment was conducted in 1981 at the Crop Experiment Station, Suweon, Korea, in machine transplanted paddy rice field, to study the effectiveness of single herbicide, mixture, and systematic application of herbicides on diversity of weed control spectrum. The rice variety planted was Taebaegbyeo, Indica ${\times}$ Japonica cross bred. Experimental field was dominated by Echinochtoa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, and Scirpus hotarui, and importance values based on dry weight of these weeds were 89%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. The mixture or systematic treatments of herbicide were generally more effective than single herbicide applications on weed control. Coefficients of similarity based on floristic composition after herbicide application between Perfluidone (5G) and Chloromethoxynil (7G), and between Pertluidone (5G) and Bifenox (7G), and between Perfluidone (5G) and three types of Butachlor (6G) were low, and these sets seemed to be a good mixture herbicide in paddy fields. While, Perfluidone (5G) had low coefficient of similarity with other single herbicides tested. The information on coefficient of similarity could be used as parameter for selecting herbicides to increase the efficiency of herbicidal performance. Simpson's indices from Butachlor (3.5G)/SL-49 (7G), Butachlor (3.5G)/Pyrazolate (6G), and Perfluidone (5G) treatments were high, and these herbicide treatments tended to the weed community type simplified, while the indices from Perfluidone (5G) + Chloromethoxynil (7G), Butachlor (6G) fb Perftuidone (5G), and Butachlor (4G)/Naproanilide (6G) treatments were low, and these herbicide treatments caused to the community type diversified in terms of floristic composition.

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The Initial Growth of Scirpus planiculmis and its Herbicidal Response for the Screening (Screening을 위한 새섬매자기(Scirpus planiculmis) 초기생육(初期生育) 및 제초제(除草劑) 반응성(反應性))

  • Hwang, I.T.;Choi, J.S.;Lee, B.H.;Hong, K.S.;Cho, K.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 1994
  • The initial growth and herbicidal responses of Scirpus planiculmis were examined under both laboratory and greenhouse condition. Initial growth of S. planiculmis at two different soils(soil A and B), was compared with the growth at normal paddy soil, and growth rates at two soils were 32% and 86% as compared to the growth rates at normal paddy soil. Two different soils were soil A(rice-uncultivable) and soil B(rice-cultivable). Transplanted(2.5 leaf stage) and direct seeded rice(Dongjinbyeo) could not grow at soil A. The growth of transplanted rice at soil B was almost same as the growth at normal paddy soil, but the growth of direct seeded rice was 50% of the growth at normal paddy soil. S. planiculmis among the perennial weeds was most tolerant to NaCl, and Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Potamogeton distinctus were followed. The intial growth rate of S. planiculmis was more rapid than C. serotinus. Cutting types and times of corm reduced 20-40% of the initial growth of S. planiculmis. During the initial growth of S. planiculmis, the growth of S. planiculmis was severly inhibited by the earlier removal of corm from seedlings, and it represents that the corm plays an important role in the initial growth of this species. Bentazone among 14 commercialized herbicides showed the best safety on direct seeded rice and the highest control effect agaist S. planiculmis.

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Occurrence Characteristics of Weed Flora by Regions and Agro-Climatic Zonal in Paddy Fields of Korea (우리나라 지역별 및 농업기후지대별 논잡초 발생상황)

  • Lee, In-Yong;Oh, Young-Ju;Park, Jungsoo;Choi, Jun-Keun;Kim, Eun Jeong;Park, Kee Woong;Cho, Seng-Hyun;Kwon, Oh-Do;Im, Il-Bin;Kim, Sang-Kuk;Seong, Deok-Gyeong;Kim, Chang-Seog;Lee, Jeongran;Seo, Hyun-A;Kim, Whan-Su
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2017
  • Ninety species belonging to 28 families of weeds were identified in Korean rice fields. They were divided by eight provinces and 19 agro-climatic zones to be used as basic data of weed control. Looking at the regional weed occurrence, there were 52 species of 20 families in Gyeonggi, 37 species of 17 families in Gangwon, 41 species of 15 families in Chungbuk, 21 species of 12 families in Chungnam, 24 species of 13 families in Jeonbuk, 54 species of 21 families in Chonnam, 36 species of 20 families in Gyeongbuk, and 32 species of 16 families in Gyeongnam province, respectively. The most dominant family was Poaceae followed by Cyperaceae and Asteraceae. Mostly dominant species were Echinochloa spp., Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea, Scirpus juncoides var. hotarui, Eleocharis kuroguwai, and Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala with slight differences among the provinces. Although there were some differences in 18 climate zones from Taebaek sub-highlands to the southern part of the East Coast (except for the Taebaek Highland), the dominant species were Echinochloa spp., Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea and Scirpus juncoides var. hotarui. The most dominant family was Cyperaceae followed by Poaceae and Asteraceae. The differences of weed occurrence between provinces and agro-climatic zones were largely influenced by various weather conditions rather than the provinces. The changes in cultivation mode and herbicide use might influence as well.

Occurrence Patterns of Paddy Weeds and Distribution of Resistant Weeds to an ALS Inhibiting Herbicide in Jeonnam by a Soil Assay Method (토양검정법에 의한 전남지역 논잡초 발생양상과 ALS 저해제 제초제 저항성 논잡초 분포)

  • Jeong, Jang Yong;Yun, Young Beom;Jang, Se Ji;Hyun, Kyu Hwn;Shin, Dong Young;Lee, Jeongran;Kwon, Oh Do;Kuk, Yong In
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2018
  • This study was to investigate the occurrence patterns of paddy weeds, their resistance levels to an ALS inhibiting herbicide, and to estimate the areas of resistance in these paddy fields. We used soil collected from 358 paddy fields of Jeonnam province in 2017. Based on their life cycles, weeds were 96% annuals and 4% perennial. Additionally, according to morphological classification, 59% were broad leaves, 28% were sedges and 13% were grasses. Different areas within Jeonnam province contained different numbers and occurrence rates of weed species. However, generally, we observed Lindernia dubia var. dubia, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea, Ludwigia prostrata, L. procumbens, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides, Eleocharis Kuroguwai, Echinochloa oryzoides, and E. crus-galli var. echinata. We also observed seven weeds resistant to an ALS inhibiting herbicide. They were M. vaginalis, S. juncoides, C. difformis, L. dubia, Ludwigia prostrata, E. oryzoides, and E. crus-galli var. echinata. Although there were differences in the number and occurrence rate of resistant weed species to an ALS inhibiting herbicide among areas in Jeonnam province, the M. vaginalis, C. difformis, and S. juncoides occurred in 23 cities and counties in Jeonnam including Gwangju metropolitan city. Based on the rates (52%) of resistant occurrence to an ALS inhibiting herbicide in Jeonnam province, the area of weed resistant paddy fields was estimated to be 91,543 ha.

A Survey of Weed Occurrence on Paddy Field in Korea (국내 논잡초 발생분포조사)

  • Ha, Huen-Young;Hwang, Ki Seon;Suh, Su Jeoung;Lee, In-Yong;Oh, Young-Ju;Park, Jungsoo;Choi, Jun-Keun;Kim, Eun Jeong;Cho, Seung Hyun;Kwon, Oh-Do;Im, Il-Bin;Kim, Sang-Kuk;Seong, Deok-Gyeong;Chung, Young-Jae;Lee, Wook-Jae;Kim, Chang-Seok;Lee, Jeongran;Park, Jae-Eup;Park, Kee Woong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2014
  • Surveys of weed species in paddy fields were conducted in Korea to identify weed occurrence from June to September 2013. Total 3,434 sites of paddy fields in 155 City/Gun, eight Provinces were investigated. From the nation-wide survey, 90 weed species in 28 families were identified and classified to 52 annuals, 3 biennials and 35 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Poaceae (18 species). 17, 8 and 6 weed species belonged to Cyperaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 49 weed species in the most four families accounted for 54% of total weed occurrence. The most dominant weed species in Korean paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (17.4%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12.4%), Eleocharis kuroguwai (7.8%), Bidens tripartite (9.27%), Scirpus juncoides (6.2%) and Sagittaria sagittifolia (6.1%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in paddy fields of Korea.