• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.776-787
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• 2020

This study investigated physiological and subjective responses to different types of firefighter station uniforms made with various designs and materials. Six healthy males participated in this study that consisted of 20 min of rest, 30 min of treadmill exercise, and 30 min of recovery in a hot and humid environment (34℃ and 65%RH). The experimental clothing conditions were as follows. 1) a fitted T-shirt and trouser made of 100% polyester (FC-Uniform), and 2) flame retardant T-shirts made of acrylic and cotton as well as trousers with aramid and polyester, designed for overfitting (Control). There were no significant differences in the body temperature, and sweat rate between the two conditions; however, the heart rate with the FC-Uniform was significantly lower than Control (p=.025). The clothing microclimate temperature at the chest of the FC-Uniform was significantly lower than the Control (p=.037), and a difference of 1℃ was maintained until the recovery was complete. There were no significant differences in the subjective responses; however, participants experienced a humidity sensation faster with FC-Uniform in the recovery phase. The results indicate that changes in the design and material of firefighter station uniforms may have a positive influence on reducing the thermal stress of firefighters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.544-553
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to reveal the thermal comfort and physiological and psychological effects of spending time in broad-leaved forests in suumer. Thirty-one university students (with an average age of 21.4 ± 2.1 years) participated in the study, and a within-subjects experimental design methodology was used. The participants moved to an experimental site (with a crown closure of 76.6%) or a control site (25.9%), sat on a chair to eliminate the impact of movement, and rested for 5 minutes with closed eyes. At this time, thermal comfort, heart rate variability, heart rate, and forehead temperature were continuously measured. After that, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured, and a subjective evaluation was conducted. As a result, spending time at an experimental site showed a statistically significant decrease in the predicted mean vote and the percentage of dissatisfied values, enhancement of parasympathetic nerve activity, decrease of forehead temperature, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, and improvement of personal thermal sensation (thermal sensation vote and comfort sensation vote). In conclusion, it was found that a forest with high crown closure reduces thermal stress and induces physiological and psychological relaxation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate actual sleeping environments in Ondol rooms depending on the season. The experiment was performed on five healthy women. The bedroom environments using Ondol were measured in five cases (three apartments and two houses). The environments in bedroom, bedding temperature, skin temperature and thermal sensation were measured continuously through the seven days for each season in real life. This data of sleeping environments were analyzed in the view of seasonal variations and housing types. Annual average bedroom temperatures: $26.2{\sim}31.0^{\circ}C$ in apartments, $15.7{\sim}33.6^{\circ}C$ in houses. Annual average bedroom humidity: 48.3~82.1% RH in apartments, 64.9~87.0% RH in houses. During sleeping, temperatures of contact surfaces like sheets and under quilts ranged between $30.5^{\circ}C$ and $34.1^{\circ}C$ regardless of season or housing type. Annual average rectal temperature was $36.8^{\circ}C$ with no significant difference in season or housing type. In the point of thermal sensation, neutral temperature of the bedroom was $25.9^{\circ}C$ in apartments and $20.3^{\circ}C$ in houses. It was concluded that in spite of thermal environmental variations according to the seasons, skin, bedding and bedroom temperatures in apartments were better and more stable than those of houses. It is regarded that while houses are brick structured, apartments are steel-frame structured. Due to better insulation and air tightness, apartments were affected less from outdoor temperature and maintained higher room temperature than houses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of the safety hat on the balance of body temperature by observation of the physiological response under hot working environment. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 50%RH for 70 minutes. To compare the two kinds of safety hat, 5 healthy male subjects worn safety hat without hole (called 'without hole') or safety hat with hole (called 'with hole') according to a randomized cross-over design. The main results of this study are as fellows: Rectal temperature and heart rate were significantly lower level in 'with hole'than in 'without hole'. The mean skin temperature was significantly higher in 'without hole'than in 'with hole'. Blood pressure were significantly low in 'with hole'. Sweat rate which was measured by weight loss before and after experiment was higher in 'without hole'. In subjective ratings, subjects replied more hot, more uncomfortable and more wet, they felt more fatigue in condition of 'without hole'. Work ability which was measured by a grip strength dynamometer was higher in 'with hole'. Safety hat which can be used for safety of the brain in work place is meaningful device of behavioral thermoregulatory response under the hot working environment. The safety hat which is designed for proper ventilation and hygiene can maintain the homeostasis of body temperature by releasing body temperature efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

쾌적한 스포츠웨어는 기능성에 있어서 자연환경의 변화조건과 인체의 운동 및 활동에 맞추어 열절달 및 수분전달 등을 적절히 조절할 수 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일반환경조건 및 강우환경조건하에서의 형상기억 투습방수직물 소재의 스포츠웨어 착용에 따른 인체생리반응 및 쾌적감을 규명하기 위하여 스포츠웨어를 제작하여, 인공기후실에서 환경조건변화에 따른 온열생리학적 특성 및 주관적 감각을 측정, 그 특성을 비교, 고찰하였다. 평균피부온은 강우환경조건에서 온도가 낮게, 변동폭이 많게 나타났다. 변화경향을 운동부하를 기점으로 온도의 상승이 나타났고, 운동 2단계에 가장 높은 온도를 나타냈으며, 이후 감소하였다. 직장온은 일반환경조건에 비해 강우환경조건에서 온도의 미세한 상승을 보였다. 의복내 기후는 두 조건 모두에서 가슴부위보다 등부위의 온·습도의 변동폭이 크게 나타났고, 강우환경조건에서의 의복내 온도를 제외하고는 모두 등부위의 온·습도가 높게 나타났다. 최고 혈압은 운동의 강도에 따라 비례하여 상승하고, 최저 혈압에는 큰 영향없이 나타났으며, 변화경향은 의복내 온도의 경향과 역으로 나타났다. 평균혈압은 일반환경조건에서 6.9mmHg 높게 나타났다. 심박수는 일반환경조건에서 4.4beats/min 높게 나타났다. 강우환경조건의 주관적 감각의 평가에서, 신체에 직접 가해지는 빗물 등으로 인해 불쾌감이 증가하였고, 운동 후에는 일반환경조건과 달리 냉감이 증가하였으며, 습윤감은 최고치에 달하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1645-1652
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate physiological response and subjective sensation of functional knitwears with different materials and designs. The three different types of knitwears were knitted(polar-neck with cotton/chitosan-C, V-neck with cotton/chitosan-CV and polar neck with cotton/chitosan/silver yarn-CS) and evaluated by four healthy female subjects. Eardrum temperature, mean skin temperature, clothing microclimate, and heart rate were measured in climatic chamber($30^{\circ}C$, 50%RH, 0.5m/sec). The results were as follows. 1. Eardrum temperature was generally evaluated as lower in CV and CS than in C. Mean skin temperature was lower in knitwears with silver yarn than in knitwears without silver yarn. 2. Clothing microclimate temperature on the chest was lower in knitwears with silver yarn than in knitwears without silver yarn. 3. Clothing microclimate humidity was generally lower knitwears with silver yarn than knitwears without silver yarn. 4. Heart rate was lower in knitwears with silver yarn than in knitwears without silver yarn and lower in V-neck than in polar neck. 5. Thermal sensation was slightly warmer in knitwears without silver yarn than in knitwears with silver yarn. Overall comfort sensation was evaluated as more comfortable in CV and CS than in C.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.35-39
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• 1997

스키는 겨울철에 하는 옥외 스포츠로서, 때로는 -30 .deg. C 정도의 저온이나 강풍이 부는 한냉 환경하에서 행하여지는 경우도 있다. 이러한 한냉환경은 신체기능을 저하시켜서 불쾌감을 증가시키므로 의복의 중요성이 더욱 강조된다. 인간과 환경 사이에 놓여 있는 스키웨어는 그 시대의 세련된 패션성이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 운동기능성, 안전성, 내구성 그리고 쾌적성을 구비하지 않으면 안된다. 따라서 환경이 인체에 미치는 영향이나 인간의 생리적 메커니즘을 인식하므로서 비로서 쾌적한 스키웨어를 만들 수 있는 것이다. 다양한 형태의 삶을 추구하는 현대인들의 관심은 점차 여가 시간의 건전한 활용 및 스포츠에 집중 되고 있다. 이러한 사회적인 경향에 발 맞추어 신소재의 스키웨어의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 예컨데 태양 광선을 흡수하는 세라믹 투입의 신소재의 개발과 체내에서 방출하는 열을 가능한 발산하지 않는, 두 가 지 기능을 합한 축열보온 소재의 스키웨어와 또 탁월한 방수. 방풍의 효과와 운동시 발생되는 수분. 열 배출 을 위한 투습의 능력이 있고 보온의 효과가 매우 높은 힐스포(HEALSPO) 코팅 소재를 사용한 스키웨어도 개발 되고 있다. 그리고 보온성과 심리적 만족감을 위한 원피스, 투피스, 쓰리피스 타입의 디자인 개발도 진행되 고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한냉하 운동시의 축열보온 소재 및 힐스포 소재와 같은 특수소재 스키웨어가 인 체에 미치는 영향을 다른 일반 소재와 비교 고찰하고, 스키웨어의 디자인에 대한 보온성의 효과를 검토하기 위하여, 저온환경에서의 피험자의 온열생리학적 반응을 측정하였다.한 신장/근력 팀의 경우보다 높은 에너지 소비량과 심박수를 보였다.찰한 결과, 세포독성 및 염색체 이상을 유발하지 않았다. 또한 동물약품으로 사용되는 치료용량 및 투약방법에 근거하여 10mg/kg 및 5, 2.5mg/kg을 1일 1회씩 4회 투여한 군에서도 암수에 상관없이 전 농도 군에서 염색체이상을 나타내지 않아 유전독성을 나타내지 않음을 관찰하였다. 특히 vitamin C와 E의 병용투여는 상승적으로 적용하여 간세포손상을 더욱 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.mance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2024

This study investigated temporal changes in forest physical variables and their effects on thermal comfort and physiological and psychological responses. Environmental factors (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity), the predicted mean vote (PMV), and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) visitors were continuously measured between 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM. We assessed the physiological and psychological responses (heart rate variability, heart rate, oral temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, thermal sensation vote, comfort sensation vote, and subjective feelings) of 30 male university students (average age: 21.7±1.9 years), who closed their eyes and relaxed for 5 minutes every hour. Examination of correlations between environmental factors and physiological responses showed that ① the mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity significantly changed with time; ② PMV and PPD also showed significant changes over time, and the thermal sensation vote corresponded with PMV; however, the comfort sensation vote did not correspond with PPD; ③ Among the physiological responses, parasympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure significantly varied with time, with parasympathetic nerve activity having the lowest value and sympathetic nerve activity the highest at the highest air temperature (2:00-4:00 PM); and ④ Air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and wind speed showed a negative correlation with parasympathetic nerve activity and a positive correlation with sympathetic nerve activity. These findings indicate that the relaxation effects of the forest environment depend on what time of day people are exposed to it, and the changes occurring in forest environmental factors over time modulate these effects.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In most existing research, it is difficult to evaluate thermal comfort exactly because of reflecting individual ideal or psychological response by subjective questions. Physiological variable was selected in this study to evaluate objectively thermal comfort. MST was appeared very sensitively in indoor temperature and can express correctly thermal comfort of human body. The results of CSV are different each individual feeling sensation, so is difficult to evaluate detailedly thermal comfort unlike TSV. But the results of PP, AIx, ED, SEVR are greatly related to temperature change. So thermal comfort is evaluated more objectively by using PP, AIx, ED, SEVR on behalf of TSV, CSV. Human body was presented physiological feedback by temperature impetus and specially, tendency of heart rate agree with temperature change. Physiological reaction was showed sufficient possibility availing evaluation index of thermal comfort. In the future another one needs to review beside the selected physiological variable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.980-986
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• 1999

This study was done to ivestigate the fabrics thatminimized harmfulness of UVB(ultraviolet B) and that might product Vit. {{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} by UVB. Twelve female subjects wearing in three different types i.e fabric A(UVB 100% protection) fabric B(UVB 50% protection) and bikinii were exposed to outdoor environment (Air Temp : 25℃, 42% R,H Air velocity : 0.13m/s UV does :6KJ/m2) Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the after the experiment in order to examine concentration of vit.{{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} in the blood. During the experiment axillary temperature skin temperature of 7 areas(forehead Chest Upper arm, Hand Thigh Lower leg, Foot) were measured. The more irradiated areas by UVB were the more the concentration of serum 25(OH){{{{ {D }`_{3 } ^{ } }} were significantly. Mean skin temperature was significantly low levekl in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001) Axillary temperature was significantly high level in wearing the fabric of UVB 50% protection (p<0.001). Therefore the fabric of UVB 50% protection intercepts the radiation and has advantage to give off body heat over other fabrics