• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-274
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• 2003

This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of domestic policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by focusing on carbon tax, domestic emissions trading and the mixture of these policies. By utilizing a dynamic CGE model, KORTEM, this study shows that the economic cost under carbon tax is projected to be higher than that under emission trading. It is because under carbon tax scheme each emitter in economy must meet its emission target regardless of the abatement cost. On the other hand, emission trading allows emitters to reduce the marginal cost of abatement through trading of emission permits. In designing policy portfolio to address the climate change problem in Korea, therefore, this paper proposes the introduction of domestic emission trading scheme as the main domestic policy Instrument.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2023

'Carbon-neutrality Assessment based on Technology Application Scenario (CATAS)' provides an analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction effectiveness when applying carbon-neutrality technology to areas such as energy conversion, transportation, and buildings at certain spatial levels. As for the development scope of the model, GHG emission sources were analyzed for direct GHG emissions, and the boundary between direct and indirect emissions are set according to the spatial scope. The technical scope included nine technologies and forest sinks in the transition sector that occupies the largest portion of GHG emissions in the 2050 carbon neutral scenario. The carbon neutrality rate evaluation methodology consists of four steps: ① analysis of GHG emissions, ② prediction of energy production according to technology introduction, ③ calculation of GHG reduction, and ④ calculation of carbon neutrality rate. After the web-based CATAS-BASIC was developed, an analysis was conducted by applying the new and renewable energy distribution goals presented in the ｢2050 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Promotion Plan｣ of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. As a result of applying solar power, hydrogen fuel cell, and hydrothermal, the introduction of technology reduced 0.43 million tCO₂eq of 1.49 million tCO₂eq, which is the amount of emissions from the conversion sector in Seoul, and the carbon neutrality rate in the conversion sector was analyzed to be 28.94 %.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.506-513
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to establish the greenhouse gases (GHG) inventories and estimate the GHG reduction plans for Daegu University from 2009 to 2011. The annual average of GHG emissions in Daegu University was estimated to be 19,413 ton $CO_2$ eq during the study period. Emissions of electricity usage in Scope 2 most contributed about 55.4% of the total GHG emissions. Also, GHG emissions of Scope 2, Scope 1, and Scope 3 contributed 60.4%, 22.6%, and 17.0%, respectively. In order to estimate reduction potential of GHG, the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model was calculated using three scenarios such as sensor installation, LED replacement, and solar facility. The GHG will be reduced by 1,656 ton $CO_2$ eq for LED scenario, by 1,041 ton $CO_2$ eq for sensor scenario, and by 737 ton $CO_2$ eq for solar scenario compared to 2020 business as usual (BAU). Therefore, the total GHG emissions in 2020 apply three scenarios can be reduced by 15% compared with 2020 BAU.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

In accordance with the enactment of 'the Paris Agreement' in 2015 and 'the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Response to the Climate Crisis' in 2021, each local government has set appropriate reduction target of greenhouse gas to achieve the nationally determined contribution (NDC, the reduction target of 40% compared to 2018) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030. In this study, the current distribution of GHG emissions was analyzed in a time series centered on the Chungbuk region for the period from 1990 to 2018, with the aim of reducing GHG emissions in Chungbuk by 2030 based on the 2030 NDC and scenario. In addition, the prospected reduction by 2030 was estimated considering the projected emissions according to Busines As Usual in order to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions. Our results showed that GHG emissions in Chungbuk and Korea have been increasing since 1990 owing to population and economic growth. GHG emissions in 2018 in Chungbuk were very low (3.9 %) relative to the national value. Moreover, emissions from fuel combustion, such as cement and lime production, manufacturing and construction industries, and transportation industries, were the main sources. Furthermore, the 2030 target of GHG emission reduction in Chungbuk was set at 40.2% relative to the 2018 value, in accordance with the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon-zero national scenario. Therefore, when projected emissions were considered, the prospected reduction to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions was estimated to be 46.8% relative to 2018. The above results highlight the importance of meeting the prospected reduction of GHG emissions through reduction means in each sector to achieve the national and local GHG reduction target. In addition, to achieve the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon zero, the country and each local government, including Chungbuk, need to estimate projected emissions by year, determine reduction targets and prospect reductions every year, and prepare specific means to reduce GHG emissions.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2018

In 21th century, climate change is one of the fundamental issue. Greenhouses gases are pointed as the main cause of climate change. Soil play a vital role of carbon sink and also can be a huge source of greenhouse gases defense on the management. Flux of greenhouse gases is not the only factor can be changed by climate change. Climate change can alter proper management. Temperature change will modify crop planting and harvesting date. Other management skills like fertilizer, manure, irrigation, tillage can also be changed with climate change. In this study, greenhouse gases emission in rice paddy in South Korea is simulated with DNDC model from 2011 - 2100 years. Climate for future is simulated with RCP 8.5 scenario for understanding the effect of climate change to greenhouse gases emission. Various rice paddy flooding techniques were applied to find proper management for future management. With conventional flooding technique, climate change increase greenhouse gases emission highly. Marginal flooding can decrease large amount of greenhouse gases emission and even it still increases with climate change, it has the smallest increasing ratio. If we suppose the flooding technique will change for best grain yield, dominant flooding technique will be different from conventional flooding to marginal flooding. The management change will reduce greenhouse gases emission. The result of study shows the possibility to increase greenhouse gases emission with climate change and climate change adaptation can show apposite result compared without the adaptation.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2006

This study explores what potential future greenhouse gas allocation schemes might mean for OECD countries, and discusses a number of concepts of equity, examines three specific burden sharing rules and formulae. The results indicate that Korea reduces its emission from 8.1% and 19.8% which is 34.9-85.8 million tons of $CO_2$ emission on the assumption that the overall level of abatement remains 20% of total 2000 OECD emissions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

In this study, long-term greenhouse gas reductions expected passenger sector was used for the MESSAGE. Green Car road map proposed BAU scenario, Enhanced diffusion green car scenario, and price 1, 2 scenarios was configured with four scenarios. Enhanced diffusion green car in the scenario, in 2050 compared to BAU scenario 13% of the emissions will decrease. Price 1 and Price 2 scenario is emissions reduction of 14% compared to BAU. This study consists of six chapters. Introduction of MESSAGE, creation and RES in the year and the target year set a different base line and the passenger building materials sector activities, steps for passenger sector scenario and Based on the results of running the emissions reductions were to describe.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.637-642
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• 2006

온실가스 증가로 인한 기후변화를 이해하고 전망함과 동시에, 다양한 영향평가 분야에 적합한 기후정보를 제공하기 위해서는 온실가스 증가 시나리오에 근거한 신뢰성 있는 기후변화 장기 시나리오가 필수적이다. 미래 기후변화에 따른 영향평가 연구의 신뢰도는 영향평가모델의 주요 입력자료로 사용되는 기후정보의 신뢰도가 가장 근본적인 문제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국제이론물리센터(International Center for Theoretical Physics, ICTP)에서 개발한 가장 최신의 지역기후모델인 RegCM3(Regional Climate Model Ver.3)을 도입하여 한반도에서의 상세 기후변화 시나리오를 생산할 수 있는 이중둥지격자시스템(double-nested system)을 구축하였다. 이를 이용하여 IPCC 권장배출 시나리오인 SRES(Special Report on Emission Scenarios) B2 시나리오에 근거한 ECHO-G(독일 MPI의 기후모델) 결과를 과거 30년(1971-2000)과 미래 30년(2021-2050)에 대하여 상세화하였다. 과거 시나리오의 검증을 통하여 다양한 시.공간 규모에 대한 불확실성을 평가하고, 이에 대한 신뢰도를 기반으로 미래 기후변화를 전망하였다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.136-148
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• 2016

We analyze economic effects of GHG reduction measures of the generation industry to meet 2030 GHG reduction target using the scenario based approach. We estimate the GHG emission of the Korean power industry in 2030 based on both the $7^{th}$ Electricity Supply & Demand Plan and the GHG emission coefficients issued by IAEA. We set up three scenarios for reduction measures by replacing the coal fired plants with nuclear power, renewable energy and carbon capture and storage. Once and for all, the nuclear power scenario dominates the other energy technologies in terms of GHG reduction quantities and economic effects.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.199-228
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• 2011

In this study, the effect on the economy-energy-environment gap among regions of reducing GHGs is analyzed under various scenarios, using a multiregional dynamic CGE model. Regions in Korea are classified as six metropolitan areas. Scenarios are set in three cases such as self-regulatory measures, carbon tax and emissions trading scheme. The reduction target under each scenario is again classified according to volume basis and intensity basis. In results, self-regulation is shown to deepen the economic divide mostly, followed by a carbon tax, emissions trading scheme in order. This result could be interpreted such that a system based on market incentives gives less effect on the gap among regions. However, market incentives based system is expected to take time to build. Thus in implementing policies to increase short-term effects of the reduction targets, complementary policies are needed to reduce the regional devide.