• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 1987

The transition temperature of respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from panicles of rice plant was measured with 41 varieties bred in Korea, which had been agronomically classified into five groups based on their relative cold-tolerance; S (strong cold-tolerance), S-M (moderate to strong cold-tolerance), M (moderate cold-tolerance), M-W (moderate to weak cold-tolerance) and W (weak cold-tolerance). The temperature was found to be $11.5{\sim}13.5^{\circ}C$ for group S, $13.5{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ for group S-M, $16{\sim}17^{\circ}C$ for group M, $17{\sim}18^{\circ}C$ for group M-W, and ${\geq}18^{\circ}C$ for group W respectively with a few exceptions of minor deviation, demonstrating a close correlation between the transition temperature and the chilling susceptivity of a variety. This observation supports the suggestion that the transition temperature of respiratory activity of panicles be adopted as a reliable index for grading a rice variety as to its overall cold tolerance. Also studied is on the methodology for measurement of the transition temperature in the aspect of analytical biochemistry. In addition to the usual polarographic method, a spectrophotometric method which is based on the enzymatic assay of membrane-bound cytochrome C oxidase was examined. This enzyme was found previousely and confirmed again in the present work to be a key factor governing the respiratory trantion at least in plant mitochondria. The optical method was turned out to be very successful, although it was a little more complicate and time-consuming than the electrochemical method.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2010

A multi line electric tube consisted of XL pipes contained with 2~4 hot wires and water in it. The specification of one meter length multi-line electric tube was investigated and the proper number in the multi-line electric tube was determined. A multi line electric tube with three hot wires were found to be the most efficient for the media heating control system. Temperature rise of medium in the rice hulls media was faster than that in the perlite media, showed better insulation effect of rice hulls media. Temperature rise of medium with mulching on the top of the bed was faster than without mulching, resulted in the beneficial effect of temperature rise with mulching. The regression model for the rice hulls media with mulching air temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ were a = -0.1458 and b = -0.1088. Using the model, the temperature rise of medium during low temperature season can be predicted for the various media according to the different depths.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2007

Shelf-life and quality changes of four leaf lettuce cultivars packaged and stored at four different temperatures (0, 8, 16 and $24^{\circ}C$) were evaluated. Leaf lettuces were packaged in non-perforated polypropylene film (thickness 0.05 mm) bags. Weight loss, respiration rate, freshness degree, pigment content, and surface color were determined. At the storage temperature of $0^{\circ}C$, the weight loss, degree of freshness, pigment content, and change of surface color on packaged leaf lettuces showed no significant difference when compared with all other leaf lettuces. Meanwhile, an increase in storage temperature was observed with the quality changes of each flesh leaf lettuce. The leaf lettuces under storage conditions at $24^{\circ}C$ showed a difference in weight loss of the different types of leaf lettuces during a short storage period. However, there was no clear tendency in weight loss in different types of leaf lettuces as compared with each storage temperature. The rate of respiration and the contents of pigments in the four types of leaf lettuces also showed significant difference as the storage temperature increased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.211-223
• /
• 1993

바닥마감재료가 다른 여름철의 찬바닥이 인체피부온도 및 온열적 쾌적감에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여, 주위벽 및 천장의 온도를 기온과 거의 같게 한 항온실을 이용해서 바닥에 앉은 자세, 의자에 앉은 자세, 서 있는 자세별로 검토했다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 평균피부온도는 기온이 낮고 수온이 낮을수록 낮았다. Carpet 마감재료는 서 있는 자세, 바닥에 앉은 자세의 평균피부온도가 낮고 의자에 앉은 자세가 높았다. Cork 마감재료가 Carpet, Flooring 마감재료에 비해 평균피부온도가 낮았다. (2) 온냉감평가는 흑구온도가 낮게 되면$\ulcorner$중성이다$\lrcorner$혹은$\ulcorner$서늘하다$\lrcorner$쪽으로 평가하고, Cork, Carpet, Flooring 마감재료의 순으로 $\ulcorner$서늘하다$\lrcorner$쪽으로 평가 하였다. (3) 쾌적감평가는 바닥에 앉은 자세와 서 있는 자세가 의자에 앉은 자세보다 쾌적한 것으로 평가하였다. 마감재료는 Cork, Flooring, Carpet 순으로 쾌적하다고 평가 하였다. (4) 바닥마감재료에 대한 평가는 바닥에 앉은 자세의 경우, Carpet 마감재료는$\ulcorner$차가운$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$습기찬$\lrcorner$의 평가점수가 높고, Cork 마감재료는$\ulcorner$평활한$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$차가운$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$감촉이 좋은$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$딱딱한$\lrcorner$의 평가점수가 높고, Flooring 마감재료는$\ulcorner$평활한$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$탄력성이 없는$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$딱딱한$\lrcorner$의 평가점수가 높았다.$\ulcorner$따듯한$\lrcorner$-$\ulcorner$차가운$\lrcorner$의 평가는 바닥온도의 영향을 받아서, Cork, Flooring 마감재료가 Carpet 마감재료보다$\ulcorner$차가운$\lrcorner$의 높은 점수평가를 하였다. (5) Carpet 마감재료는 평균피부온도가 34$^{\circ}C$를 넘어도$\ulcorner$약간 시원하다$\lrcorner$는 평가이고, 서 있는 자세와 의자에 앉은 자세가 바닥에 앉는 자세보다 쾌적하다고 평가한다. Cork 마감재료는 3자세 모두 평균피부온도 33~34$^{\circ}C$의 사이에서 가장 쾌적하다. Flooring 마감재료는 온열적중성, 쾌적감의 중성의 평가가 많다. 이상의결과를 종합하면, 찬바닥이 인체에 미치는 영향은 바닥마감재료로는 Cork, Flooring이 보다 좋은 평가를 하였음으로, 여름철 바닥마감재료로서는 Cork, Flooring 마감재료가 바람직하다고 생각된다. 자세별로는 서 있는 자세는 바닥에 앉은 자세와 거의 같은 경향을 보이고, 의자에 앉은 자세는 바닥에 앉은 자세와 서 있는 자세 만큼 영향을 받지 않았다. 이후 실험결과를 중심으로 찬바닥의 경우, 보다 쾌적한 온열환경범위를 제안하려고 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 2019

Recently, interest in urban temperature change and ground surface temperature change has been increasing due to weather phenomenon due to global warming, heat island phenomenon caused by urbanization in urban areas. In Korea, weather data such as temperature and precipitation have been collected since 1904. In recent years, there are 96 ASOS stations and 494 AWS weather observation stations. However, in the case of terrestrial networks, terrestrial meteorological data except measurement points are predicted through interpolation because they provide point data for each installation point. In this study, to improve the resolution of ground surface temperature measurement, the surface temperature using satellite image was calculated and its applicability was analyzed. For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat 8 OLI TIRS were obtained for Seoul Metropolitan City by seasons and transformed to surface temperature by applying NASA equation to the thermal bands. The ground measurement data was based on the temperature data measured by AWS. Since the AWS temperature data is station based point data, interpolation is performed by Kriging interpolation method for comparison with Landsat image. As a result of comparing the satellite image base surface temperature with the AWS temperature data, the temperature difference according to the season was calculated as fall, winter, summer, based on the RMSE value, Spring, in order of applicability of Landsat satellite image. The use of that attribute and AWS support starts at $2.11^{\circ}C$ and RMSE ${\pm}3.84^{\circ}C$, which reflects information from the extended NASA.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.577-590
• /
• 2022

Ostrinia scapulalis is one of important pests in leguminous crops, especially red bean. In order to understand the biological characteristics of the insect, we investigated the effects of temperature on development of each life stage, adult longevity and fecundity of O. scapulalis at eleven constant temperatures of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, and 36℃. Eggs and larvae successfully developed next life stage at most temperature subjected except 7, 10 and 13℃. The developmental period of egg, larva and pupa decreased as temperature increased. Lower and higher threshold temperature (TL and TH) were calculated by the Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois (LRF) and Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto (SSI) models. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) from egg hatching to adult emergence of O. scapulalis were estimated by linear regression as 13.5℃ and 384.5DD, respectively. TL and TH from egg hatching to adult emergence using SSI model were 19.4℃ and 39.8℃. Thermal windows, i.e., the range in temperature between the minimum and maximum rate of development, of O. scapulalis was 20.4℃. Adults produced viable eggs at the temperature range between 16℃ and 34℃, and showed a maximum number, ca. 416 offsprings, at 25℃. Adult models including aging rate, age-specific survival rate, age-specific cumulative oviposition, and temperature-dependent fecundity were constructed, using the temperature-dependent adult traits. Temperature-dependent development models and adult oviposition models will be useful components to understand the population dynamics of O. scapulalis and will be expected using a basic data for establishing the strategy of integrated pest management in leguminous crops.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2023

In order to predict the mechanical properties of ductile cast iron heat treated in an intercritical temperature range, samples machined from cast iron with a tensile strength of 450 MPa were heat-treated at various intercritical temperatures and air-cooled, after which a microstructural analysis and Brinell hardness test were conducted. As the heat treatment temperature was increased in the intercritical temperature range, the ferrite fraction in the ductile cast iron decreased and the pearlite fraction increased, whereas the nodularity and nodule count did not change considerably from the corresponding values in the as-cast condition. The Brinell hardness values of the heat-treated ductile cast iron increased gradually as the heat treatment temperature was increased. Based on the measured alloy composition, the fraction of each stable phase and the hardness model from the literature, the hardness of the ductile cast iron heat treated in the intercritical temperature range was calculated, showing values very similar to the measured hardness data. In order to check whether it is possible to predict the hardness of heat-treated ductile cast iron by using the phase fraction obtained from thermodynamic calculations, the volumes of graphite, ferrite, and austenite in the alloy were calculated for each temperature condition. Those volume fractions were then converted into areas of each phase for hardness prediction of the heat-treated ductile cast iron. The hardness values of the cast iron samples based on thermodynamic calculations and on the hardness prediction model were similar within an error range up to 27 compared to the measured hardness data.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1997

High energy particles in the earth's radiation belts cause transient and long term effects on electronic materials, devices, and integrated circuits on board the satellites. Hence, it is very important to have the information on the space radiation environment and the damage on the electronics caused by the se high energy particles. One of the radiation monitor devices frequently used in space is RADFET, a specially designed MOSFET with a thick gate oxide region. The present study focuses on the calibration of RADFET TOT500 using the $Co^{60}{\gamma}-ray$ source. The result shows that the response of RADFET is very sensitive to the change of temperature. The peculiar behavior observed in the TDE (Total Dose Experiment) on board the KITSAT-1 is identified as the thermal effect due to the change in the eclipse rate of the satellite.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2014

For new use development of miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, which investigated properties of ceramics made from different carbonization temperature ($600{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$) and percentage of resin impregnation(30~60%) using a mincanthus board. As the carbonization temperature increased, the density, thickness shrinkage, linear shrinkage, weight loss were increased. As the percentage of resin impregnation increased, the density, linear shrinkage and weight loss were increased. On the other hand, thickness shrinkage decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.2023-2027
• /
• 2008

교통과 산업의 발달로 농촌인구의 감소가 빠르게 진행되고, 도시로 유입된 인구의 거주 공간 확보를 위해 도시주변의 피복 변화가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 도시 지표의 대부분이 아스팔트나 콘크리트 등으로 피복되어 있어 도심의 기온이 교외와 비교하여 높게 형성되는 도시열섬현상(urban heat island, UHI)이 두드러지고 있다. 따라서 도시열섬현상 해소 대책으로 다양한 방법들이 분야 별로 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 청주시 소재(미호천과 무심천을 대상으로) 하천으로 부터 떨어진 거리에 따른 열환경에 대하여 토지 피복에 따른 공간적 특성 분석을 수행함으로서 하천이 도심지 열 환경에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 하천을 중심으로 $0{\sim}1000m$ 까지 200m 간격의 버퍼를 생성하고 Landsat 영상에 의한 NDVI와 온도분포도를 이용하여 청주시 하천의 근접성에 따른 NDVI 및 온도 분포 분석 결과, NDVI는 하천을 기준으로 거리가 멀어질수록 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고 온도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Quick-bird 영상에 의한 토지피복도와 NDVI, 온도 데이터를 중첩분석한 결과 NDVI는 산림-경작지-초지-나지-시가지 및 건조지 순으로 나타났고 평균온도는 NDVI의 역순으로 나타났다. 특히, 시가지를 비롯하여 공업지, 상업지 등 건조지역과 나지는 평균 $24^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 인구밀집지역은 높은 온도분포를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.