• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.357-368
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• 2022

We investigated the developmental characteristics of super mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at four different temperatures (25℃, 27℃, 30℃, and 33℃). The rearing conditions were 9L/15D, 65% RH, and 1,330 to 1,800 lux with wheat bran. The length of developmental period of 1 to 18 instars at each temperature showed that 30℃ was the shortest at 120.0±5.8 days, compared to that at 27℃ (132.6±10.7 days), 33℃ (136.5±9.2 days), and 25℃ (156.7±7.5 days). The larval developmental period was statistically significantly longer at 25℃, 27℃, and 30℃ compared to the length at 33℃. However, the death rate of larvae at 33℃ was 2.7-3.3 times higher than the rate at other temperatures. Body weight was heaviest at 30℃ followed by 27℃, 33℃, and 25℃. The patterns of head capsule, body capsule, and body length were similar to that of body weight. Regression analyses of developmental period, larval body weight, and length according to temperature revealed 29-30℃ as the most suitable temperature. The prepupa rate was 43.1% in 17 instars, 30.3% in 18 instars, 15.4% in 16 instars, 7.1% in 19 instars, 2.2% in 15 instars, and 1.9% in 20 instars, accounting for 88.8% in 16-18 instars. Prepupal period was longer at lower temperatures. For the average prepupal period of 15-18 instars, prepupa time was 18.8±1.9 days at 27℃, 18.8±2.3 days at 30℃, 23.0±2.4 days at 33℃, and 23.1±2.9 days at 25℃. The average pupal period of females and males was 11.1±2.2 and 11.6±2.4 days, respectively. The data indicate that the most suitable rearing temperature of super mealworm was 30℃.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2005

This study was carried out to observe the stability of riboflavin in dietary supplements. Dietary supplements were in the type of tablet, powder, capsule and liquid. Various factors on the stability of riboflavin such as effect of light, storage temperature and time were examined using HPLC method. Samples were exposed to various temperatures (-9, 4, $30^{\circ}C$) and light at room temperature far 9 months. As well as storage period became longer, reduction rate constant of riboflavin increased. Riboflavin reduction rate constants were higher during storage with light than without light. And there was a significant difference of reduction rate constants in types of dietary supplement. In other words, riboflavin in tablet types was significantly more stable than the others, and liquid type was the most unstable. Therefore, type, light, and packing container of dietary supplements containing riboflavin would be considered in order to establish their appropriate shelf lives. In consideration with riboflavin decrease in dietary supplements, riboflavin would be appropriate for the nutritional labelling guide when predicting them at the end of shelf lives.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.651-680
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• 2015

In order to investigate vertical plant distribution on Namdeogyu of Mt. Deogyu National Park by temperature change, vascular plants of nine areas with 100-meter-high difference were surveyed from the Deogsangyo (650m alt.) to the Namdeogyusan (1,507m alt.). A total of 455 taxa belonging to 99 families, 280 genera, 402 species, 5 subspecies, 43 varieties, 4 forms and 1hybrid were vegetated on survey areas. Around 700 m high did species diversity of vascular plants decrease rapidly. The Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) divided distribution of vascular plants into five groups; areas below 700m alt., 700~1,100m alt., 1,100~1,300m alt., and areas above 1,300m alt.. These results showed that vegetation of vascular plants on investigated areas has high correlation with climate elements of temperature. Vascular plants should be crowded within their own optimal ranges of vegetation. Climate change would result in shift of these distribution ranges, and thus vegetation shift will be happened accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2000

자연점토지반에서의 중금속 흡착시 온도변화에 따른 영향은 지금까지 2차적인 것으로 간주되었다. 그러나 최근 몇몇 연구자들에 의하면 온도변화가 중금속 흡착 거동에 큰 영향을 미친다고 보고하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자연점토 지반에 대한 중금속 아연(Zn) 흡착시 온도변화에 따른 흙의 각 구성성분별 흡착거동을 살펴보기 위해 혼합 흡착-연속추출법(combined absorption-sequential extraction analysis, CASA)을 사용하였다. 실험결과 중금속 아연의 농도가 저농도(50mg/L 미만)일 경우 자연지반에서의 분배양상은 주로 탄산염 형태로 존재하고, 또한 온도의 증가에 따라 탄산염 형태의 흡착량이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있다. 하지만 고농도(50mg/L 이상)의 경우 분배양상은 주로 이온교환형태로 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 고농도에서의 이러한 분배형태는 온도의 증가에 따라 탄산염형태의 흡착량이 약 20%정도 증가하는 결과를 얻었다. 결론적으로 중금속 아연의 자연점토지반의 각 구성성분 별 흡착거동은 이온교환 형태를 제외하고 온도증가에 따라 증가하는 흡열반응(ΔH0>0)인 것으로 나타났고, 또한 고농도에서의 분배형태는 이온교환 형태에서 탄산염 형태로 변화되는 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 이온교환 형태의 경우 온도변화에 따라 독립적인 거동을 보였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.881-891
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of seasonal temperature variation on the thermal stresses in roller compacted concrete dam(RCD) structures. Using the finite element code, DIANA performs 2-D transient temperature and resultant stress analysis for RCD. Time variability of the mesh geometry is considered in order to simulate successive phases of the structure's construction. The main analysis variables are construction sequence, concrete temperature and ambient temperature. The results show principal tensile stress of hot-weathering concrete is higher than that of cold-weathering concrete. In some case the index of thermal cracking excesses 1.0, RCD also needs thermal management on placing temperature according to weather condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2000

The effect of temperature on the sources of organic acids and sludge when phosphorus was biologically released was evaluated in this study. The sludge used in this study was obtained from sequencing batch reactor processing the swine wastewater. Temperature is one of the most important parameters influencing the phosphorus release. As a result, the rate of phosphorus released was increased as the temperatures were increased from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$ regardless of the sources of organic acids used. Under anaerobic conditions, as acetate, propionate, glucose, and domestic wastewater were used as the sources of organic acids, the corresponding activation energy($E_a$) values were 49.83, 55.82, 54.61, and 45.44 KJ/mol, respectively. Temperature coefficient($\theta$) values were 1.0676, 1.0826, 1.0748, and 1.0698, respectively. Therefore, the rate of phosphorus released was increased as temperature was increased, whereas, the effect, of the sources of organic acids and temperature on the activation energy and temperature coefficient values were minimal. When the sludge previously adapted to acetate as external organic source was used, the activation energy and temperature coefficient values were 44.94 KJ/mol and 1.0570 respectively. The effect of temperature was minimal. These values obtained from the sludge previously adapted to acetate were smaller than those from the sludge not previously adapted to the same organic acid. This suggest that the sludge previously adapted to acetate was less dependent on temperature than that not adapted to the acetate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.283-288
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• 1989

The effect of storage temperature on the quality characteristics of meat sausage was investigated. Thus, the quality characteristic changes of meat sausage were discussed through physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. The results were summarized as follows; Volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) was increased more rapidly at $40^{\circ}C$ than at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and fluctuating temperature $(10/40^{\circ}C)$. In physico-chemical analysis of meat sausage, the values of VBN , viable cell counts were increased with increase of temperature during storage, while thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values were fluctuated during storage as a whole. Water activity(Aw) and moisture contents showed a little change according to storage temperature, but sausage color was darkened as storage time goes by as a whole, the shelf-life was predicted above 40 days at $10^{\circ}C$, below 40 days at $20^{\circ}C$, below 30 days at $40^{\circ}C$ and about 20 days fluctuating temperature $(10/40^{\circ}C)$, respectively on the basis of slime formation in sensory evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2018

Land surface temperature is known to be an important factor in understanding the interactions of the ground-atmosphere. However, because of the large spatio-temporal variability, regular observation is rarely made. The existing land surface temperature is observed using satellite images, but due to the nature of satellite, it has the limit of long revisit period and low accuracy. In this study, in order to confirm the possibility of replacing land surface temperature observation using satellite imagery, images acquired by TIR (Thermal Infrared) sensor mounted on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are used. The acquired images were transformed from JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) to TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) format and orthophoto was then generated. The DN (Digital Number) value of orthophoto was used to calculate the actual land surface temperature. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the calculated land surface temperature, the land surface temperature was compared with the land surface temperature directly observed with an infrared thermometer at the same time. When comparing the observed land surface temperatures in two ways, the accuracy of all the land covers was below the measure accuracy of the TIR sensor. Therefore, the possibility of replacing the satellite image, which is a conventional land surface temperature observation method, is confirmed by using the TIR sensor mounted on UAV.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.556-566
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• 2022

The temperature-dependent development of Poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus was studied at eight constant temperatures (15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0, and 32.5±1℃), 65±5% RH and photoperiod of 16L:8D conditions. The developmental stages were divided into egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, pre-pupa, pupa, and adult. The total developmental time in the immature stage was 40.4 days at 15.0℃ and 11.6 days at 30.0℃, and it decreased with increasing temperature. The lowest temperature of the whole immature period was 10.7℃, and the cumulative temperature to complete the entire immature period was 217.4 degree days. The optimal development temperature (T_opt) for the whole immature stage was estimated to be in the range of 30.51-31.21℃. T_opt for each immature stage was 31.64-35.47℃ at egg, 30.02-33.08℃ at 1st instar, 29.16-34.43℃ at 2nd instar, 27.63-29.21℃ at pre-pupa, and 29.81-30.12℃ at pupa. In the analysis of the six non-linear models, Logan 6 model was the most appropriate as Zi(Weighting Factors) was 0.18.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

In this study, the distributions of internal climates such as air temperature, humidity, dust, ammonia gas, and air velocity were systematically measured at a mechanically ventilated broiler houses during summer season, with local weather data. The analysis was focused on the suitability, stability, and uniformity of internal climate, resulting in serious stress on chickens and decrease of productivity In the mechanically ventilated broiler house, the difference between measured and recommended air temperatures(suitability) was 10.4C in maximum during the summer time. The difference of air temperature in the house between day and night was $8.7^{\circ}C$ in maximum. And maximal hourly range of internal air temperature at 0.4m height from the floor was $3.7^{\circ}C$ suggesting it maintained thermal uniformity in the broiler house. The $NH_3$ and dust concentrations were pretty low because ventilation was fully performed. The air speed at chicken location was measured 2.2m/s and 1.7m/s, respectively without and with chicken existence.