• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 2014

Urban farming supplies emotional stability and fresh vegetables to participating persons, however, no information regarding the biosafety of agricultural products from urban farming is available. Here, we collected 260 samples of Chinese cabbages and lettuce from 4 urban community gardens and 6 roof gardens in Seoul from September through October 2012, and monitored the microbiological and parasitological contamination quantitatively and/or qualitatively. The mean counts of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms were $6.1{\pm}0.8\;log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$ ( range, $5.4{\pm}0.6{\sim}7.1{\pm}0.8\;log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and $4.0{\pm}0.7\;log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (range, $2.3{\pm}0.6{\sim}6.1{\pm}0.9\;log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$), respectively. Coliforms were detected on 59.6% among 260 vegetable samples. There were no significant differences in the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms between the Chinese cabbages and lettuce, whereas both levels of vegetables from urban community gardens were higher than those of roof gardens (p > 0.05). Escherichia coli was isolated at 3.1% among whole vegetables, and contamination level was $1.5{\pm}0.2\;log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Among foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1.5%, however, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected on any of the vegetable samples. We also found undefined parasite eggs from two samples of Chinese cabbages (0.8% of total vegetables we tested). From these study, we found the presence of microbial contamination of agricultural products from urban farming, thus we need further concern to improve the biosafety during production of agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

In the past, hospitals were planned with a minimum of public space for the sole purpose of treatment. On the other hand, modern hospitals have more public space as the importance of the healing environment increases and are planned taking into consideration the patients, guardians, and medical staff. In addition, the lobby shape is developed from a HALL type and planned as a STREET type or CONCOURSE type, increasing the public area. Unlike past hospitals, which were used as reception, waiting, and procedure spaces, modern hospitals are used as commercial, hobby, and cultural space. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the healing environment of the hospital lobby based on the shape of the plane surface by deducting the elements of general hospitals' healing environment from preceding studies as a framework. The hospital lobby is an important place where many actions occur. Therefore, 3 types of cases were evaluated based on the plane form. As a result of the study, the STREET type showed a better healing environment than the HALL type, but the accessibility, roof garden, and resting place showed similar results. Because the case was based on a large general hospital, which had sufficient planned space, the factor has little to do with the style of the lobby. Among the STREET types, the linear atrium showed a better result in terms of the sense of space and inflow effect of natural lighting than the four-sided atrium because the linear atrium has large open volume ratio. When the lobby plane is the HALL type, a cross section of the courtyard had a large open volume ratio. Therefore, the shape of the cross section is as important as the plane form of the lobby.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.724-731
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine what rules or patterns exist when people gaze at a villa savoye, which is probably Le Corbusier's best known building, using eye-movement tracking techniques. Villa savoye was designed, addressing his emblematic "Five Points", such as pilotis, functional roofs, free floor plans, long horizontal windows, and freely-designed facades. This study examined how the villa savoye's facade image is formed in an objective manner. This study selected a total of 56 test subjects, and showed them an image of a villa savoye. Using eye-movement tracking tools, this study recorded where they mostly gazed at when seeing the building. In addition, an experiment was carried out to test the different points of view, relating to visual attention, between the two groups with different levels of knowledge in architecture. To analyze the data, the Gaze Frequency was used as the key indicator. The results showed that the subjects have a higher degree of attention to either the door or window in general than in former studies. The architecture major group showed that they gazed the experiment image more evenly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.382-382
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• 2018

최근 기후변화 및 도시화로 인해 집중호우와 도시 내의 불투수층이 증가하고 있으며, 현재 도심의 강우관리시스템이 한계에 달하여 수재해 피해가 급증하고 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 저영향개발 기법이 대두되고 있으며, 본 기법은 해당 지역의 강우를 분산식 빗물처리 하여 도시 내의 수문학적 특성을 개발이전 상태로 회복 및 유지하는 기술이다. 저영향개발 기법의 종류는 투수성 포장, 옥상녹화, 빗물정원, 식생저류지, 식생화분 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 저영향개발 기법 중 하나인 투수성 아스팔트에 대한 우수저감 효과를 분석하기 위해 경상남도 양산시 부산대학교 양산캠퍼스 그린인프라 저영향개발 센터에서 주차장형 LID 시설의 투수성 아스팔트 포장과 대조군인 불투수 콘크리트 포장을 실험대상으로 선정하였다. 포장체는 $10.85m(L){\times}2.3m(B){\times}0.9 m(H)$의 크기로 원지반 침투가 없는 박스형 실험시설로써 이동형 강우모의장치를 이용하여 인공강우실험을 실시하였다. 강우모의 시에 발생하는 지표유출 및 침투유출은 각 유공관을 통해 모니터링 박스에 차집되어 실시간으로 웹사이트 상에 저장된다. 저장된 자료를 이용하여 투수성아스팔트의 첨두유출량 저감, 지체시간지연효과를 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 통해 첨두유출량은 11%저감되었고 투수성 아스팔트와 불투수 콘크리트는 각각 3시간, 1시간 동안 유출되어 2시간의 차이를 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2017

With the recent increasing interest in preventive medicine, observation has been made regarding the positive relationship between a routinized place that includes activity and health improvement. This study evaluates the effective value of a designed landscape for seeing a healing environment and sees the difference of the effective value of classified physical settings regarding Evidence Based Design. Therefore, the study evaluates the perceived restorativeness scale of Cheonggyceheon's 1.5km section and five type settings in the same section regarding how much it works as a healthy urban park. The research methodology used to study sub-settings' and the research site's restoration effects was observation and questionnaires. A PRS (Perceived Restorativeness Scale) questionnaire survey was the research tool employed. The study drew two major results. Firstly, PRS 6.12 is the score of the whole research site, so the study identifies that Cheonggycheon has a mental fatigue restoration function. Secondly, the sub-setting named 'Near Sidewall' was the most attention restorative, according to the ANOVA results. In conclusion, this study suggests significant information support regarding the reasons for creating green areas in urban settings by identifying a particular designed healing sit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

This study investigated Chinese Laws on the kind of urban green spaces and the legal requirements for the green spaces of urban habitat and analyzed the specificities of them intending to provide basic data to suggest bringing in or not the relevant Chinese Laws to Korea. This study can be summarized as follows: First, the concept of Chinese urban green spaces(g.s.) classified by 5 kinds(park g.s., production g.s., protection g.s., attachment g.s., the others g.s.) placed the park and green spaces in the same category unlike the Korean urban green spaces that only distinguishes between park and green spaces. The Chinese Urban Park is classified by 4 kinds(composite park, community park, special park, linear park) at the 'Standard for urban green spaces classification' which is below in rank of the legal system. Second, in case of calculation for green spaces ratio of urban green spaces in China, the green rooftop landscaping area should not be included as a green spaces area except the rooftop of a basement or semi basement building to which residents have easy access. The green spaces requirements and compulsory secure ratio by 3 habitat kinds(habitat, small habit, minimum habitat) of when to act as a residential plan is regulated. Third, the green spaces system is obligated to establish at habitat green spaces plan and is specified to conserve and improve existing trees and green spaces. The green spaces ratio on reconstruction for old habitat is relaxed to be lower than for new habitat and a gradient of green spaces is peculiarly clarified. The details and requirements for establishment and the minimum area intending for each classes of the central green spaces(habitat park, children park, minimum habitat's green spaces) are regulated. Especially at a garden style of minimum habitat's green spaces, intervals between the south and north houses and a compulsory security for green spaces area classifying into two groups(closing type green spaces and open type green spaces) by a middle-rise or high-rise building are clarified. System of calculation for green spaces area is presented at a special regulation. Fourth, a general index(area/person) of public green spaces within habitat to achieve by 3 habitat kinds is determined, in this case, the index on reconstruction for a deterioration zone can be relaxed to be lower to the extent of a specified quantity. A location and scale, minimum width and minimum area per place of public green spaces are regulated. A space plot principle including adjacent to a road, greening area ratio against total area, security of open space and the shadow line boundary of sunshine are also regulated to intend for public green spaces. Fifth, the minimum horizontal distance between the underground cables and the surrounding greening trees are regulated as the considerable items for green spaces when setting up the underground cables. The principle to establish green spaces within public service facilities is regulated according to the kind of service contents. It shall be examined in order to import or not the special regulations that only exist in Chinese Laws but not in Korean Laws. The result of this study will contribute to gain the domestic landscape architect's' sympathy of the research related to Chinese urban green spaces laws requiring immediate attention and will be a good chance to advance into the internationalization of Korean Landscape Architectural Laws.