• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2018

Since the scaling-down of IC devices has been reached to their physical limitations, several innovative packaging technologies such as 3D packaging, embedded packaging, and fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) are actively studied. In this study the fabrication of organic-inorganic dielectric material was evaluated for the use of multi-structured redistribution layers (RDL) in FOWLP. Compared to current organic dielectrics such as PI or PBO an organic-inorganic hybrid dielectric called polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ) can improve mechanical, thermal, and electrical stabilities. polysilsesquioxane has also an excellent advantage of simultaneous curing and patterning through UV exposure. The polysilsesquioxane samples were fabricated by spin-coating on 6-inch Si wafer followed by pre-baking and UV exposure. With the 10 minutes of UV exposure polysilsesquioxane was fully cured and showed $2{\mu}m$ line-pattern formation. And the dielectric constant of cured polysilsesquioxane dielectrics was ranged from 2.0 to 2.4. It has been demonstrated that polysilsesquioxane dielectric can be patterned and cured by UV exposure alone without a high temperature curing process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.173-187
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.503-508
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• 1987

The protonation constants of 3,4 : 9,10-dibenzo-1,12-diaza-5,8-dioxacyclotetradecane $(NenOenH_4)$ and stability constants of its transition metal complexes have been determined by the potentiometric titration in 1 : 1 dioxane-water mixture with 0.1 ionic strength at $25^{\circ}C.$ For a given anion system, the stabilitv constants of the complexes are in the order of $Mn^{2+}<\;Co^{2+}\;< Ni^{2+}\;<\;Cu^{2+}\;>\;Zn^{2+}$, which accords with the Williams-Irving series.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.417-433
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• 1992

Lead-zinc-copper deposits of the Jeonheung and the Oksan mines around Euiseong area occur as hydrothermal quartz and calcite veins that crosscut Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Gyeongsang Basin. The mineralization occurred in three distinct stages (I, II, and III): (I) quartz-sulfides-sulfosalts-hematite mineralization stage; (II) barren quartz-fluorite stage; and (III) barren calcite stage. Stage I ore minerals comprise pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and Pb-Ag-Bi-Sb sulfosalts. Mineralogies of the two mines are different, and arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite and iron-rich (up to 21 mole % FeS) sphalerite are restricted to the Oksan mine. A K-Ar radiometric dating for sericite indicates that the Pb-Zn-Cu deposits of the Euiseong area were formed during late Cretaceous age ($62.3{\pm}2.8Ma$), likely associated with a subvolcanic activity related to the volcanic complex in the nearby Geumseongsan Caldera and the ubiquitous felsite dykes. Stage I mineralization occurred at temperatures between > $380^{\circ}C$ and $240^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities between 6.3 and 0.7 equiv. wt. % NaCl. The chalcopyrite deposition occurred mostly at higher temperatures of > $300^{\circ}C$. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the Pb-Zn-Cu ore mineralization resulted from a complex history of boiling, cooling and dilution of ore fluids. The mineralization at Jeonheung resulted mainly from cooling and dilution by an influx of cooler meteoric waters, whereas the mineralization at Oksan was largely due to fluid boiling. Evidence of fluid boiling suggests that pressures decreased from about 210 bars to 80 bars. This corresponds to a depth of about 900 m in a hydrothermal system that changed from lithostatic (closed) toward hydrostatic (open) conditions. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfide minerals (${\delta}^{34}S=2.9{\sim}9.6$ per mil) indicate that the ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$ value of ore fluids was ${\approx}8.6$ per mil. This ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$ value is likely consistent with an igneous sulfur mixed with sulfates (?) in surrounding sedimentary rocks. Measured and calculated hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of ore-forming fluids suggest meteoric water dominance, approaching unexchanged meteoric water values. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation indicates that the temperature versus $fs_2$ variation of stage I ore fluids differed between the two mines as follows: the $fs_2$ of ore fluids at Jeonheung changed with decreasing temperature constantly near the pyrite-hematite-magnetite sulfidation curve, whereas those at Oksan changed from the pyrite-pyrrhotite sulfidation state towards the pyrite-hematite-magnetite state. The shift in minerals precipitated during stage I also reflects a concomitant $fo_2$ increase, probably due to mixing of ore fluids with cooler, more oxidizing meteoric waters. Thermodynamic consideration of copper solubility suggests that the ore-forming fluids cooled through boiling at Oksan and mixing with less-evolved meteoric waters at Jeonheung, and that this cooling was the main cause of copper deposition through destabilization of copper chloride complexes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2022

The adequacy of industrial water supply is one of the core elements of the construction of industrial complexes. This study examined the supply of industrial water through various ways, according to the planning and creation of industrial complexes and the operating utilization rate of tenant companies oksan industrial complex. As for calculating the supply of industrial water and establishing water supply plan, the basic data analysis and the land use plan are utilised. The adequacy of calculating the basic unit by industry, which is the basis for calculating industrial water, was evaluated. In addition, analyzed industrial water usage data and the raw unit of each industry was compared with the actual data from the Oksan Industrial Complex, which selected as the research target area among the industrial complexes in Cheongju-si administrative districts, where actual data can be secured. The result of the study shows that the peak load rate of industrial water was found to have the peak load of more than twice as the result of analyzing the actual usage, and the basic unit of industrial water industry showed a significant difference from the actual usage. In particular, the decreasing rate of the basic units was significant comparing the increasing rate of basic units. In addition, the raw unit of the industry that uses more water decreased significantly, and the raw unit of the industry that uses less water increased slightly.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.21
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

제주도는 대한민국의 남단대한해협에 위치(동경 120$^{\circ}$ 16'-126$^{\circ}$ 57' : 북위 33$^{\circ}$ 12'-33$^{\circ}$ 34$^{\circ}$)하는 화산도이다. 제주도화산은 전기 선신세에서 제사기에 걸친, 주로 알카리 현무암의 용암류로 되며 화쇄암을 동반한 외에 많은 암재구로 구성되고 있다. 또한 이섬은 세계에서도 유수의 용암동굴지대로써 저명한 존재로 되고 있다. 그러나 이제까지 이들이 동굴에 형성되고 있는 이차생성동굴광물에 대한 연구는 적고, 황금물, 협재굴, 구린굴, 만장굴 및 옥산굴에서 방해석, 석고, 타라나키석등 3종의 광물의 산출이 알려져 있을 뿐이다.(중략)

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2009

• Membrane Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2007

The technology of seawater desalination has been received much attentions to solve the problem of water shortage through all over the world. In this study, it attempts to confirm the use-possibility of cellulose triacetate (CTA) for preparation of reverse osmosis membranes which have been highlighted as high efficiency and low energy consumption process for seawater desalination. The effects of casting dope parameters like an acetyl content, solvent, additives on the membrane performance were investigated. It was possible to produce the membranes which have high water flow rate and salt rejection with the increase of acetyl content and dioxane content among various dioxane/acetone ratios. Acetic acid and maleic acid were preferred for additives to produce high performance membranes. It was verified that $HOLLOSEP^{(R)}$ module which is commercialized CTA membrane by TOYOBO Co. can produce stable water production and high-quality water for long-term operation in the practice plants without any chemical treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2019

경제의 발전과 더불어 사회가 복잡해지면서 재난의 발생은 다양한 형태로 더욱 복잡하게 발생하고 있다. 최근들어 매년 발생하는 가뭄과 기후적 특성으로 인한 유량의 변동성으로 인해 수질오염이 심해지기를 반복하고 있다. 특히, 산업단지나 화재 등 여러 가지 원인으로 인해 수질오염사고도 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며 심한 경우 취수원의 취수중단과 같은 심각한 상황을 발생하기도 한다. 최근들어 심각한 가뭄과 폭염으로 인해 취수원의 수질이 악화되는 사고들이 발생하고 있으며, 과거 수질오염사고를 살펴보면 1991년에 낙동강에서 발생한 구미 두산전자의 페놀방류에 의한 사고로 18시간 동안 대구에 취수가 중단된 적이 있으며, 1994년 대구광역시 성서공단에서 배출된 유기용제에 의해 낙동강 수계 5개 정수장이 취수가 중단된 바도 있다. 또한 2008년 김천공단 (주)코오롱 유화에서 방류된 페놀에 의해 대구의 취수원 중 두류, 매곡취수장이 5시간동안 취수가 중단된바 있으며, 2009년 다이옥산 배출, 2015년 구미공단에서 불소, 암모니아성 질소, 1.4 다이옥산 배출사고, 2018년 과불화화합물에 낙동강 수질사고, 운문댐과 가창댐 유역의 가뭄으로 인한 취수정지 상태가 발생하는 등 대구광역시 시민들의 먹는 물에 대한 불안이 끊이지 않고 있다(Peacenews, 2018). 본 연구는 대구광역시의 상수도시설이 재난상황 발생에 따라 취수가 중단되어 물을 생산하는 취수장이 불능상태가 되는 가상의 시나리오를 설정하고 각 정수장에서 용수를 공급할 수 있는 대응에 대해서 검토하였다. 대구시에서 운영하는 정수장은 총 5개이며, 전체 공급량의 60.5%를 낙동강을 수원으로 하는 매곡과 문산정수장에서 취수하고 있다. 가상의 재난상황 시나리오는 각각의 정수장이 재난발생에 따라 운영이 불가능한 경우인 Scenario 1(a)~(e)와 매곡과 문산정수장이 운영불가능한 경우인 Scenario 2를 가정하여 용수공급 대응방안에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과 Scenario 1(a)~(e)에서는 매곡정수장이 운영이 불가능한 경우 대구광역시 전체의 용수공급 신뢰도 80.4%로 250 lpcd를 공급할 수 있으며, Scenario 2의 경우에는 낙동강 오염사고로 인해 매곡과 문산정수장이 운영이 불가능할 경우 60.4%의 신뢰도로 205 lpcd를 공급할 수 있는 것으로 검토되었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.467-471
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• 2021

A ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPMA64) functionalized with a crosslinkable group was synthesized and used for the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes through a thermal crosslinking process of the liquid electrolytes. A small weight percent of LPMA64 polymer crosslinker (5 wt%) was able to form a well-developed network structure, resulting in good dimensional stability with high ionic conductivity. The lithium-sulfur batteries fabricated with organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes exhibited stable C-rate and cycling performance with excellent Coulombic efficiency due to the alleviated lithium polysulfide shuttling effect during prolonged cycling. The result demonstrates that the organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes could be a promising candidate electrolyte for application in lithium-sulfur batteries.