• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

In the past several years phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for removing contaminants from media such as soils or water, has attracted a great deal of interest as a potentially useful remediation technology We attempted to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils in a green house. Screening test for selecting an appropriate plant was performed by observing the harmful effects of diesel dosage on the growth of 4 plants. Alfalfa was selected as a potentially useful plant among corn and barnyard grasses due to its high tolerance to the toxicity of diesel in growth. Bioremediation of the artificial diesel-contaminated soil packed in the PVC columns(0.3m in diameter $\times$ 1m in length) with air supplied, alfalfa planted, and alfalfa and air supplied was investigated for 100 days. The results of the column test showed plant effects on enhancing the biodegradation of diesel in the contaminated soils compared to the control column which had no plant. Injecting air to the columns during phytoremediation also showed additional effects on the removal rate of diesel. Comparison of microbial activity in each test column showed a beneficial effect of plants in the soil remediation processes. This results can be explained microbial activity in rhizosphere is a crucial factor for removing diesel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.12-16
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• 1997

폐금속 광산 주변 및 광산 하부 농경지 토양에 대한 중금속 오염원으로서 폐금속 광산 주변에 방치된 폐석의 영향을 고찰하고 오염토양에 대한 복구방법으로서 반전객토의 효율성을 검토하기 위하여 동진 금·은·동 광산 주변토양과 하부 농경지 중 오염된 논, 객토된 논 및 오염되지 않은 논을 선정하여 각각의 토양과 변에서 보여지는 금속원소의 함량과 분포특성을 비교·고찰한 결과, 동진광산에 주변에 방치된 폐석은 폐광된지 30여년이 지난 지금에도 주변토양 및 수계 하부의 농경지에 강한 중금속 오염원으로 작용하고 있음을 보여 이들의 광해를 방지하기 위해 적절한 복구대책이 필요한 것으로 판명되었다. 오염토양의 복구법으로서 반전객토지에서 산출된 나락의 중금속 함량(Cd 0.015ppm, Cr 0.07ppm, Cu 0.567ppm)은 비객토 오염지(Cd 0.096-0.215ppm, Cr 0.195-0.275ppm, Cu 1.085-1.151ppm)에 비해 대부분의 원소에서 2배 이상 낮은 값을 보이고 있어 농작물에의 중금속 전이를 억제하는 데는 상당히 효율적임을 시사했다. 이러한 결과는, 단순히 토양의 물리성 개선 및 이에 따른 토양환경의 변화 등에 의한 일시적 효과일 수 있음을 배제할 수 없지만, 적어도 반전객토법이 토질개선 방법 중 가장 간편하고 오염된 토양부분의 배출토에 대한 처리문제 및 이로 인한 이차오염문제 등을 고려하지 않아도 된다는 점을 감안할 때 소규모 금속광산 주변으로 비교적 오염정도가 약한 토양을 정화법으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

The research is intended to develop and verify a biological complex soil treatment process to treat and restore soil and groundwater which is contaminated with oil, heavy metals, and nutrients through experiments with the series of treatment process such as bioreactor, rolled pipe type of contact oxidation system(RPS), and chemical processing system. 5 microbial strains were separated and selected through experiment, whose soil purification efficiency was excellent, and it was noted that anion- and nonion-series of complex agent was most excellent as a surfactant for effectively separating oils from soils. Method to mix and apply selected microbes after treating the surfactant in the contaminated soil was most effective. The removal efficiencies of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil about 5,000mg/L and above 10,000mg/L were approximatly 90.0% for 28 days and 90.7% for 81 days by soil remediation system and the average removal efficiencies of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N, and T-P in leachate were 90.6, 73.0, 91.9, 73.8, 65.7% by the bioreactor and RPS. The removal efficiency was above 99.0% by chemical processing system into cohesive agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

유류로 오염된 토양에 대해 토양경작법(Landfarming)을 적용하여 복원효율을 평가하였다. 복원 초기에는 주로 휘발에 의한 오염물질의 저감이 이루어졌으며, 이 후 미생물성장에 필요한 토양뒤집기와 질소원 영양물질의 공급으로 인해 미생물수가 복원초기에 비해 약 200배 증가하면서 약 30여일 경과 후 초기 20,000ppm에서 복원목표인 TPH의 토양오염우려기준 2,000ppm의 이하인 1,910ppm으로 감소하였다. 시간이 경과할수록 탄소원 섭취기질 부족으로 완만한 오염물질 감소속도를 나타내면서 최종적으로 TPH를 측정한 결과 1,288ppm으로서 제거효율 94%이상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 1998

Soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and residual metals can be effectively treated by soil washing. In developing the soil washing process several major effects for separating contaminants from coarse soils progressively improved upon combinations of mining and chemical processing approaches. The pilot-scale soils washing process consists of the four major parts : 1) abrasive scouring, 2) scrubbing action using a washwater that is sometimes augmented by surfactants or other agents, 3) rinsing, and 4) regenerating the contaminated washwater. The plant was designed based upon the treatment capacity > 5 ton/hr on site. The lumpy contaminated soil fractions first experience deagglomeration and desliming passing through a rolling mill pipe. In the second unit the attrition scrubbing module equipped with paddles uses high-energy to remove contaminants from the soils. And a final rinsing system is assembled to separate the washwater containing the contaminants and very fine soils from the washed coarse soils. For recycling the contaminated washwater passes through a washwater clarifier specifically designed for flocculation, sedimentation and gravity separation of fine as well as flotation and separation of oils from the washwater. In order to more rapidly assess the applicability of soil washing at a potential site while minimizing the expense of mobilization and operation, a mobile-type soil washing process which is self-contained upon a trailer will be further developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.472-475
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• 2008

중금속으로 오염된 토양을 안정화하고자 석탄 광산 배수 처리 시 발생되는 슬러지를 이용하여 중금속 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 용출 실험을 위하여 슬러지를 무게비율로 0%, 1%, 3%를 완전혼합하고, 3%슬러지를 오염토양과 층을 이루어 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 유입 pH를 5.5-6.2와 3-4로 조절하여 용출실험을 실시한 결과 Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr의 용출 농토는 3% M<3% S<1% M<0% 순으로 나타났다. 오염토양 무게 비율로 3% 슬러지를 완전혼합 시 중금속 용출 실험 결과 20년 기준 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

A non-discharged system of sequentially physico-chemical water treatment was used to treat the contaminated water produced from washing system of soils according to full-scale soil washing. After washing the TPH contaminated soils, the remaining concentrations of COD$_{Mn}$, SS, and n-hexane were analyzed for each compartment to estimate the treatment efficiencies of non-discharged system. Three times of sampling events were conducted for 4 different compartments (sediment tank, flocculation tank, oil/water separator, and process-water tank). In addition, soil washing efficiencies and concentrations of each parameter (COD$_{Mn}$, SS, and n-hexane) for process-water tank were analyzed for about 8 months. As results, the average efficiency of soil washing was high to have 95.9%, regardless of the condition of TPH contamination level for soils, as well as the concentrations of COD$_{Mn}$, SS, and n-hexane in the process-water tank were below the regulation limits of the Water Environmental Conserveation Act. Accordingly, the full-scale washing treatment system in this study could make the washing water 100% recycled which lead the system to be environmentally-friendly and economical.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.163-169
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• 1998

휴$\cdot$폐광에 따른 토양오염현상은 폐광의 광미사등에 축적된 중금속이나 화학처리제 등의 오염인자들이 용출수나 지하수, 강수 및 비산분진등에 의해 광범위한 지역으로 확산되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 광산의 갱이나 광미사의 퇴적장으로부터 유출되는 유해 중금속들로 인한 토양오염은 주변하천의 농업용수를 오염시켜 농작물에 피해를 주게 되므로 작물의 생육에 지장을 가져올 뿐만 아니라 수확량이 감소되고 또 오염된 농작물을 섭취한 인간이나 동물들에게 만성적인 장해를 일으키기도 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.17-20
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• 1997

이 연구에서는 국내에 산재되어 있는 금속광산들에 대한 토양환경오염을 조사하고 적절한 환경처리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 대표적인 연-아연광산, 동광산 및 금-은광산을 대상으로 As. Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 등의 오염규모와 분산정도를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구대상지역으로 삼보 연-아연강산, 달성 동-텅스텐광산 그리고 구봉, 삼광, 금왕 금-은광산을 선정하여 이들 광산 주변에서 토양을 채취하여 화학분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 연속추출법을 이용하여 토양중에 존재하는 중금속의 존재형태를 규명하였으며 화학분해방법에 따른 중금속의 추출정도를 고찰하기 위하여 강산을 이용한 분해방법과 토양환경보전법에 제시된 방법을 비교하였다. 화학분석 결과, 삼보광산 주변의 상부토양 (0-15cm 심도)에서는 평균 11.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Cd, 208 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Cu, 2,700 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Pb, 8,300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Zn이 검출되었으며 일부 농경지에서는 토양환경보전법의 우려기준을 초과하는 중금속이 검출되어 광산활동에 의한 토양오염이 심각함이 조사되었다. 달성광산 주변 토양에서도 다량의 중금속이 검출되었으며 (평균 4.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Cd, 1,950 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Cu, 1,030 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Pb, 419 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g Zn) 특히 As (평균 2,500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g)의 오염이 심각하였다. 그리고 대표적인 금은광산인 구봉, 삼광 및 금왕광산에서는 광미와 선광장 주변에서 다량의 중금속과 As가 검출되었다. 이 연구 결과, 이들 점오염원에 대한 오염정도가 심각하므로 이를 적절하게 처리할 수 있는 오염복구사업이 실시되어야할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of solids content and mixing speed in treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils using a slurry-phase bioreactor. Performance results on slurry-phase bioremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil were generated at the bench-scale level. The fate of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) was evaluated in combination with biological treatment. Abiotic and biotic fate of the TPH were determined using soil not previously exposed to compounds in diesel fuel. The reactor volume for given throughput can be reduced by maximizing the solids content. Applications of 50% and 20% solids content(dry weight basis) were showed a little difference(57.5% : 61.6%) in biological TPH removal rate each other. Mixing and particle suspension are critical to desorption and biological degradation. In this standpoint, this study was performed using two mixing speed. When the reactor was operated at 70rpm, it had a better result in the particle suspension and TPH removal rate than the reactor with mixer rotated at 20rpm. In the reactor applied 20rpm, it was resulted in failure of particle suspension.