• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.106-115
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• 1996

This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for reuse of resources and prevention of environmental pollution Actual states of environmental pollution by biological production facilities were investigated. Various pollution loads and quantity of wastes from greenhouse and animal housings estimated. In greenhouse contents of investigation were wastes of plastic cover, noise of heater and fan, air pollutant of heater, and wastes of soilless culture system, etc. In animal housings, those were actual state of livestock waste treatment and reuse, pollutant mass unit discharge, noise pollution, and malodorant, etc. The main pollutants discharged from greenhouses were wastes of plastic cover, rockwool, and waste fluid of nutrient solution. Developments of waste disposal methods for plastic cover and rockwool are required. And recycle technique of nutrient solution for soilless culture should be developed and propagated. With the buildup of legal control, pollutant mass discharged from livestock wastes are, on the decrease. The other side, reuse of livestock excreta increased. Most animal housings are located near the dwelling house. Malodorant and noise from animal housings have bad effects on the rural living conditions. So developments of integrated complex for small scale livestock farms are required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2019

In this study, the characteristics of watershed and pollution source were investigated in SoOakcheon located in the upper stream of Daecheong Lake. The Dimension Index method was applied to index various watershed and pollution source data. The influence factors of each pollutant source were derived through correlation analysis between selected index and water quality monitoring data. BOD and COD were significantly influenced by population density and land area ratio, T-N by CN and rice area ratio, and T-P by population density and land area ratio, respectively. The discharge load is often used to establish non-point source countermeasures, but there is a difference between the water load and the water load in the lake or river. Therefore, in order to manage non-point pollution efficiently, it is necessary to analyze influential factors with high correlation with water quality and to manage the relevant factors with priority.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of pollutant loads on the water quality in the Mankyeong River from January 2002 to December 2004. The BOD level in upstream ranged from 0.58 to 1.57 mg $L^{-1}$, which would be in I grade according to water quality criteria by Ministry of Environment but BOD level in midstream and downstream was III grade. T-N contents were high in midstream and the average T-P level ranged from 0.06 to 2.70 mg $L^{-1}$. The point raw loads of BOD was high in Iksancheon, Mokcheonpo and Cheongha basin. The point raw loads of T-N and T-P were high in Iksancheon and Cheongha watershed. The non-point low loads of BOD were 3,931 kg $day^{-1}$, 2,870 kg $day^{-1}$ and 2,827 kg $day^{-1}$ in Mokcheonpo, Top and Jeonju watershed, respectively. The major source of BOD effluent load was population, that of T-N and T-P effluent loads was livestock. The delivered load of T-N were high in Jeonju, Mokcheonpo, Gosan, Iksancheon watershed in order. The delivered load of T-N was high in Jeonju watershed and that of T-P was high in Jeonju and Iksancheon watershed. The delivery ratio of BOD and T-N at dry season were below 100% except Mokcheonpo watershed. The delivery ratio of BOD and T-N at raining season were high in Gosan watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

We examined the effects of pollutants into sub-basin on the water quality and loading based on data surveyed during January-December 2013 from 13 sites of 5 streams in the Jinwi watershed. We used the contour plot and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test to analyze seasonal variation of water quality and loading and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the relationships between pollutants and loadings. The significantly higher seasonal variation were SS, TN and TOC as compared to other water quality constituents (P < 0.001). A significant interaction existed between the effects of human population and the effects of discharge of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on water quality and loading, especially for the spring and winter seasons. It is necessary to control discharge water of sewage and wastewater from industrial facilities and to make full use of the watershed management system such as TMDLs in operation since 2012 for improvement in stream water quality.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2007

The mechanism of water pollution in Lake Shihwa, one of highly eutrophicated artificial lakes in Korea, has been studied using a numerical 3D physical-biochemical coupled model. In this study, the model was applied to estimate the contribution of land-based pollutant load to water quality of heavily polluted Lake Shihwa. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) was adopted as an index of the lake water quality, and the spatial distribution of an average COD concentration during the summer from 1999 to 2000 was simulated by the model. The simulated COD showed a good agreement with the observed data. According to reproducibility of COD, the high-est levels between 8 and 9 mg/L were shown at the inner site of the lake with inflow of many rivers and ditches, while the lowest was found to be about 5 mg/L at the southwestern site near to dike gate. In the pre-diction of water quality of Lake Shihwa, COD showed still higher levels than 3 mg/L in case of reduction of 95% for land-based pollutant load. This suggests that the curtailment of land-based pollutant load is not only sufficient but the improvement of sediment quality or the increase of seawater exchange should be considered together to improve a water quality in Lake Shihwa.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

The nonpoint pollutants are originated from various land uses. Of the landuses, the development means the changes of the soil cover and the increases of imperviousness rate, which will increase the nonpoint pollutant emissions during a storm. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has programed TPLMS(Total Pollution Load Management System) for four major large rivers to improve the water quality in rivers by controling the total pollutant loadings from the watershed area. The study area was forest landuse before resort development, however it is now changing to the resort. Some of the forest areas will be changed to parking lots, roads and buildings, which can be the major pollutant sources in the future. The paved areas are highly polluted landuses because of high pollutant accumulation rate by vehicle activities during dry periods. Therefore, this research is achieved to determine the changes of pollutant loading rate by development plan and to provide the best management practices for controlling nonpoint pollutants. Finally this research will provide the environment-kindly development technology for protecting the water quality.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

The global community demands the reduction of environmental pollution such as greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions. According to these requirements, the road construction project in the highest energy consuming industry is required the efficient way of reducing environmental pollution emissions. In this study, during the whole life cycle process, an environment impact assessment was performed for the several road construction projects in order to evaluate environmental stress through the road construction process. This study provides a proper process of environment impact assessment for life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis of road construction project, and figures the environmental stress regarding to the major construction materials for the case projects. In addition, this study conducted a sensitivity analysis for the key materials of environmental stress through the quantity analysis of major materials for the 1km section of a road construction. By this sensitivity analysis of total environmental stress change from the different volumes of constructing materials, it would be useful information for the environment impact assessment for the future road construction project.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.782-782
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• 2012

지금까지 우리나라에서는 도시하수, 공장폐수 등의 점오염원에 국한하여 중점적으로 수질관리를 실행하여 부분적으로 효과를 얻을 수 있었으나, 하천과 호소의 수질은 크게 향상되지 않고 있다. 이는 급속한 도시화와 산업발달로 토지개발이 가속화되고 대지, 도로, 주차장 등 불투수층 면적이 늘어남에 따라 비점오염원에 의한 하천, 호소의 수질영향도가 커지고 있기 때문이다. 인구증가로 인해 물 사용량 뿐만 아니라 이에 따라 배출되는 오염원의 종류 및 오염부하량 역시 함께 증가하고 있다. 장래의 수질관리 성공여부는 비점오염원의 효율적인 관리여부가 큰 변수로 작용할 것으로 본다. 따라서 공공수역의 수질관리를 위해서는 토지이용과 지역특성을 고려한 비점오염원 부하량의 합리적인 조사, 오염 부하량 절감을 위한 관리기술의 개발, 비점오염원 관리정책의 개발 및 수질모형을 이용한 정확한 수질예측 등이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공간정보를 바탕으로 한 낙동강 유역에서의 비점오염원 정량화 분석을 수행하고자 한다. 우선 대상유역으로 낙본 G유역을 선정하여 이에 대한 조사를 통해 점오염원의 실측자료를 구축하고 이를 HSPF의 입력하여 모의를 수행하여 대상유역에 대한 실측치를 이용해 모형의 보정과 검증을 수행한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 도출된 결과는 대상유역의 총 오염량을 의미한다. 따라서 위의 과정에서 도출된 매개변수를 이용하고, 점오염원을 제거한 뒤 모의를 재수행하여 나온 결과가 대상유역의 비점오염원의 양이라 판단하였다. 모의 결과 대상유역인 낙본 G유역에서 약 39% 정도의 비점오염원 비율을 보였다. 그러나 수질 및 유량 관측치를 지금까지는 국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소 유량측정데이타를 사용하고 있는데 이 자료는 8일 이상 간헐적으로 측정이 수행되고 있다. 따라서 검 보정 대상이 되는 실측치의 자료의 부족과 부정확한 유역이 있음이 한계점으로 작용한다. 그러므로 추후의 신경망 모형이나 기타 실측치 보간에 있어서의 신뢰도를 높이는 기법 개발이나 측정제도의 보편적인 기술의 증대도 앞으로의 모델링에 있어서 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 유역수질모형의 모델링 과정에서 좀 더 신뢰도 높은 측정자료와 그 측정자료를 활용하여 PEST 보정기법을 적용한다면 더욱 정확한 예측이 이루어질 수 있을 것이며, 본 연구에서의 평가방법을 바탕으로 유역수질모델링이 이루어진다면 보다 더 정확성 높은 비점오염원 정량화와 수질 예측이 수행될 수 있을 것이며 더 나아가 오염총량제의 수행에 효과적으로 적용될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-40
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• 2004

Box experiments were performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of SVE (soil vapor extraction) for gasoline in soil. An activated carbon sorption tower and a biofilter were operated as post-treatment processes to remove VOCs extracted from extraction wells of SVE. An acrylic resin box (65 cm${\times}$20 cm${\times}$30 cm) was used to make artificial soil layers and two injection wells and one extraction well were built for SVE process in the box. Gases from extraction wells flew into the activated carbon sorption tower or the biofilter. Gasoline concentrations of VOCs emitted from the extraction well were compared with those after post treatments. More than 92% of initial gasoline mass in soil were removed by SVE within few days, suggesting that SVE is very available to remove VOCs from contaminated soils. To treat VOCs from extraction wells of SVE, an activated carbon sorption tower and a biofilter were attached to SVE process and their gasoline removal efficiencies were measured. These post treatment systems lowered gasoline concentrations to below 1.0 ppm within few days. Average remediation efficiency was 98% of gasoline for the activated carbon sorption tower and 84.1% for the biofilter. The maximum removal capacity of a biofilter was 10.7 g/L/hr, which was ten times higher than general biofilter removal capacity. Results from the study suggest that the activated carbon sorption tower and the biofilter would be available for the post treatment process to remove VOCs generated from SVE process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.510-510
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• 2016

농업 비점오염원의 영향을 분석하고 여러 가지 대안(관리정책)이 수계의 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 유역모형의 적용이 필요하다. 이러한 유역모형에는 모형의 복합성, 계산시간 등에 따라 simple method, mid-range model, detail model로 나눌 수 있다. Simple methods는 요구되는 자료가 작으나 그 결과의 정확성은 떨어진다. 반면에 detail model는 정확한 결과를 획득할 수 있으나 그만큼 방대한 자료와 모니터링을 요구하며, 보정 및 검증에 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 한다. 특히, 복잡한 유역특성 및 축산오염원을 포함한 복잡한 특성들을 고려해서 모델링하기 위해서는 detail model이 필요하며 본 연구에서는 HSPF모델을 이용해서 그 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 농업에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 청미천 유역 및 덕천천 유역을 대상유역으로 선정하여 그 영향을 분석하였다. 농업에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 유역내 투입된 비료사용량을 통계청 자료를 활용하여 산정후 적용하였으며, 축산 부산물중 자원화되는 축산 액비 및 퇴비량을 산정하여 그 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 또한 기존에 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 수질오염총량관리제도에서 산정되는 배출부하량에 유달율을 고려하여 점오염으로 입력하였으며, 직접방류되는 하수처리장도 함게 고려하여 구축하였다. 청미천 유역의 청미천1 지점의 BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간의 평균 관측값은 4.205mg/L, 3.844mg/L, 0.137mg/L이며 검정기간의 관측값은 2.741mg/L, 4.638mg/L, 0.144mg/L로 나타났다. BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간의 NSE는 -0.58, -0.20, -0.33이며, 검정기간의 NSE는 -0.26, -1.35, -3.54로 분석되었다. BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간의 RMSE는 2.65, 1.63, 0.12이며, 검정기간의 RMSE는 1.36, 1.64, 0.07로 나타났다. 덕천천 유역의 경우 국가관측망이 없어 동진강의 제일 말단 지점인 동진강3 지점의 BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간 평균관측값은 2.891mg/L, 3.455mg/L, 0.096mg/L이며, 검정기간의 관측값은 2.293mg/L, 3.223mg/L, 0.104mg/L로 나타났다. BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간의 NSE는 -0.20, -0.56, -0.49이며, 검정기간의 NSE는 0.24, -0.06, -0.19으로 분석되었다. BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 보정기간의 RMSE는 1.53, 2.12, 0.05이며, 검정기간의 RMSE는 1.05, 0.98, 0.06으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 점오염원, 축산계비점오염, 토지계비점오염, 시비량, 배경부하로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였으며 분석결과 청미천 유역의 비점오염 기여율이 약 65%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 평가되었으며, 덕천천 말단에서는 약 37.7%의 비점오염물질이 하천수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기존 수질오염 총량관리제도에서 점오염의 감소에 의한 비점오염비중이 커지는 것으로 평가되었으며, 그 중 축산이 차지하는 비중이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 평가되고 있지만, 본 연구의 결과에서는 그보다 적은 수준이 수계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.