• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.179
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

농림부, 2010년까지 유기농산물 2%로 확대/지자체 선거 전후에 '친환경유기농업육성조례' 제정을 강력히 촉구하자./노린재피해 이젠 걱정 끝/벼논 오리로 실천하는 유기농업/'친환경직불' 논직불제로 통합/친환경농업은 생산자의의무/유기농업에의한과수(단감) 재배/6월중 농사정보/'현미' 당뇨병 예방효과가 있다./사과그린농법/미국인 건강식 관심 상승/과수의 병해와 그 방제책/무주군 환경농업대학 2년연속 성황 이뤄

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.178
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

2004년이후수입쌀의홍수를막아내는길은 유기재배쌀의생산기반을확립시키는것뿐/제비마져돌아오지않는나라/무사마귀병[일명혹부리병]의실제/벼논 오리로 실천하는 유기농업/수급조절효과 큰 친환경농업 정부보조금 되레 줄여/친환경농업은 생산자의의무/유기농업에의한과수(단감) 재배(2)/5월중 농사정보-유기농업 실천기술/질병치료의지름길은생활습관의개선(4)/그린농법[8] 수도작편-[초전박살]로초전박살을…/유기농업 뉴스클리핑/고추 역병과 고추 탄저병 의 방제/본회 토막소식

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of fermented compost using cattle manure and Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete(ALC) waste and duck raising in rice growing paddy fields on growth and quality of rice. By application of fermented compost of cattle manure incoporated ALC waste with amount of 2,000kg/10a, rice yield was reduced 2.9%, and 4.1% in 1,000kg/10a of compost with raising ducks plots as compared with application of standard level of chemical fertilizer. The ratio of head rice was slightly high in plots of compost application and white-belly kemeled rice was reduced by application of $1,500{\sim}2000kg/10a$ compost. The ratio of Mg/K was the highest in application of 1,000kg compost with raising duck. Efficiency of weed control by raising duck with free hexbiades was sufficient and their effects showed no difference between raising duck plots and herbidde plot.

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.229
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

한.미 자유무역협상(FTA) 서둘지 말아야/학교급식은 직영해야 한다/우리의 산야초/연속 강우에 따른 과일나무 잎의 갈변에 대하여/벼 멀칭재배의 이론과 기술/소화불량증과 생활습관/아이들건강과 먹을거리 패러다임의 전환/제7회 동아시아 친환경 벼 심포지엄/홍성서,제5회 아시아 오리농법대회/두가지 비료로 유기농작물의 고품질 다수확 생산을 체계적으로 보다 쉽게 하는 방법/충남,친환경농업 육성 '박차'/벼흰잎마름병은 어떤 병인가?/빛을 이용한 해충의 방제/제천 명암 환경농업 작목반/국내외 친환경농축산물의 생산 및 인증실태/남양주시에서 친환경농산물 인증서 수여 및 인증자 교육 실시/해충의 습성을 이용한 퇴치/7월중 새식구 명단/예산당국,내년 유기질비료 예산 '동결' 토양개량제 '감축' 방침/제9회 충남유기농업인대회/충북도지부 월례회의/불량비료 17개 제품 적발/방제비용 절감 '친환경보조제'개발/농진청, '탑프루트' 프로젝트 적용과실 본격출하/유기 및 일반 농산물의 품질 비교에 관한 연구/당도진단

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.473-478
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• 2003

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of duck free-ranging time on the growth and behavior patterns of duck, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water, and growth and yield of the rice plants in paddy fields. Two paddy fields with each 5 aye were used for 12 hours duck free-ranging plot (12HFR) and 24 hours duck free-ranging plot(24HFR). Body weight gain of the duck was not different between 12HFR and 24HFR. Eating and feather grooming behavior in the 12HFR were significantly longer than those of 24HFR, but other behavior patterns were not so. Working behavior and activities of duck in paddy fields tended to be longer in the 12HFR than in 24HFR. However, any difference was not found on staying time of duck in paddy fields. Although it was not statistically significant, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water tended to be higher in the 12HFR than in 24HFR. The plant height of rice in the 12HFR was significantly shorter than that of 24HFR during the latter half period. The number of tillers per hill was significantly increased in the 24HFR than in 12HFR. The shoot dry weight of rice in the 12HFR was significantly less than in the 24HFR during the heading stage of rice plant, but the root dry weight was not different. The number of spikelets per panicle was significantly less in the 12HFR than in 24HFR, however the percentage of ripened grains was significantly higher in the 12HFR. The yield of rice was not significantly different between the treatments. In conclusion, the free-ranging time of duck for 12 hours in paddy fields promoted eating and working behavior of the ducks. Free-ranging time did give effects on rice traits such as the number of tillers per hill, plant height, shoot dry weight of the rice plant, and spikelet number and percentage of ripened grain. However, the duck growth, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water, and paddy rice yield were not affected by duck free-ranging time. These results might suggest that almost same effect as in 24 hours of free-ranging can be obtained with only 12 hours of free-ranging in daytime.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.276-296
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• 2003

This study is to analyze the adoption of environmentally friendly fanning(EFF) by Actor-Network Theory(ANT). ANT declares that the world is full of hybrid entities containing both human and non-human elements and maintains that adoption of an innovation comes as a consequence of the action of everyone in the chain of actors who has anything to do with it. In this study, adoption of EFF will be analysed through the role of actors and networks. And this paper try to identify the intermediaries and obligatory passage point(OPP) in each networks. In study area, 5 actors, -nature, governmental institute, food processors, consumers and farmers-, have each roles in their networks, But only 18 farmers adopted EFF. This study revealed that three OPPs were not overcome in each network. The one is nature, such as water and soil pollution. Another is shortage of reliability between farmers and governmental institute. The other is shortage of information about agricultural commodity trade. And through this application of ANT to the EFF, we contend that ANT can be useful for studies of diffusion of EFF and sustainability of rural systems in situations where interactions of the social, technological and political are regarded as particularly important.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.649-658
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• 2003

Early introducing the ducks into the paddy field involves a variety of environmental changes such as new surroundings and contact with water, so that some free-ranged ducks show behavioral and physiological changes indicative of stress or die from not adapted for new circumstances. Moreover, the free-ranged ducks was tread on the rice plant, and required a great deal of labor and time for captured the ducks after finishing the introducing. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of accustoming and imprinting of duckling on behavior patterns, body weight gain and yield of the rice plant in paddy fields. Three paddy plots were used as control (no imprinting and no contact with people), taming (imprinting and regular handling) and roughness (handling roughly and strike terror to ducks) plots. Right after introducing the ducks into the paddy field, eating and moving behaviour of taming plot ducks tended to be longer time spend than that of other treatments. However, eating and moving time tended to be longer in the control than that of other two treatments on the 2 weeks after. Flighting distance was not showed in the free-ranging period taming plot, but the control plot was significantly (P<0.05) longer than the roughness plot. The captured time of free-ranged ducks tended to be shorter in the order of taming, control and roughness plots. Body weight gains was not significant. The number of rice plants damaged by free-ranging ducks in the taming plot were significantly (P<0.05) less than that in the control plot, but the yield and yield components of the rice plant were not differ among 3 treatments. These results indicated that the imprinting or regular handling and related treatments of duckling was reducing badly damage of rice plants, captured time and labor of free-ranged ducks in paddy field, although the working behavior of ducks and yield ability of the rice plants were not affected.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary onion supplementation on physicochemical properties of duck meat. The ducks were raised for 38 days(1,500 g of live weight) in rice paddle and slaughtered. Samples including breast and leg were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 12hrs and then used as experimental materials. The ducks were allotted into 3 treatments(C-0%, T1-3%, T2-6%) according to dietary supplementation of onion. The ducks meat were stored at 4${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ for 12hrs. In proximate analyses, the moisture, crude protein and crude ash of breast muscle were significantly increased(p<0.05) with increasing onion percentages but crude fat content was significantly decreased(p<0.05). The moisture and crude protein of leg muscles were significantly increased(p<0.05) with increasing onion percentages but crude fat and crude ash were significantly decreased(p<0.05). The pH of breast muscle was significantly decreased(p<0.05) with increasing onion percentages, the pH of leg muscle was be highest in T1(p<0.05). Water holding capacity(WHC) significantly increased(p<0.05) with increasing onion percentage in both muscles. Hunter L＊ was significantly decreased with increasing onion percentage in breast muscles while Hunter b＊ significantly increased(p<0.05). In fatty acids composition of duck meat, mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) significantly decreased(p<0.05) while poly-unsaturated fatty acid(PUSFA) and EFA(essential fatty acid) were significantly high(p<0.05) with increasing onion percentage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2001

The current study was conducted to elucidate the optimum density of free-ranging ducks in a rice-duck farming system in terms of effects on duck behavior, and growth and yield of rice plants. Four paddy fields were used for this experiment, with 6, 9, 12 and 15 birds per plot, respectively. Ducklings at eight days of age were free ranged in experimental paddy plots (4.0 a each) on the 9th day after the transplantation of rice plants. Ducks were kept in the plot for seventy days, at which point rice plants reached the earing stage. Foraging, moving, working, resting, diving and pecking behaviors of the ducks were observed two times during the experimental period. Also, rice plant growth and yield according to the density of ducks per plot were examined. The foraging and moving behavior of free-ranging ducks in paddy fields for 12 hours during the daytime tended to be longer in the 12-bird plot, and working behavior was significantly (P<0.01) longer in the 12-bird plot than in the other three plots. The resting behavior was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the 9- and 15-bird plots than in the 12-bird plot. The frequency of moving behavior for 6 hours during the daytime in the 15-bird plot tended to be lower than that in the other three plots, but this difference was not significant. The amount of diving and pecking behavior in the 9-bird plot was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the other three plots, and the number of hills pecked tended to be higher with increasing of duck density. From thirty days after ducks were introduced to the paddy fields, the length of rice plants tended to be significantly (P<0.05) shorter in high free-ranging density plots as compared to low free-ranging density plots. The number of tillers per hill was not affected by the free-ranging density. The culm length of rice plants was significantly (P<0.05) shorter in the 12- and 15-bird plots than in the other two plots, however, the duck free-ranging density did not affect panicle length. The dry weight of the root of rice plants was increased with high free-ranging density, but there was no such increase in the top parts of the rice plants. The percent of rice plants badly damaged by free-ranging density tended to be lower in the order of 12-, 9-, 6- and 15-bird plots. The number of ears, ripening grains and crop yield per hill of rice plants in the 12-bird plot were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other three plots. Therefore, the yield of each rice plant per 10 a was significantly increased in the 12-bird plot.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

To select indicator insects, the abundance of which is one of the major criteria for the evaluation of agricultural environment, was designated and monitored in the three sites (Hongcheon A, B, and Yangpyeong) from 2001 to 2003. Characteristics of rice cultivation are usual cultivation with 2 or 3 times sprayed chemical agents per year in Hongcheon A site, duck cultivation with non-sprayed chemical agent, green manure and mowing in Hongcheon B site, and pond snail with non-sprayed chemical agent, green manure and mowing in Yangpyeong site. Dominant floral species are Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) H. Gross, Echinochioa crus-galli (L.) Beauvois, and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. in Hongcheon A site, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) H. Gross, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauvois in Hongcheon B site, and Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., and Persicaria langiseta (De Btuyn) Kitagawa in Yangpyeong site. Degree of green naturality (DGN) was higher in Hongcheon B site (2.0) and Yangpyeong site (3.6) than in Hongcheon A site (1.6). Number of species and individual of insects collected in the three sites were abundant on August and September. The species diversity was higher in Hongcheon B and Yangpyeong than in Hongcheon A. And Coleoptera was dominant in the all sites. The dominance index (DI) was the lowest, but diversify index (H'), evenness index (E) and richness index (RI) were the highest in Hongcheon B site. Based on three results, indicator insects for the evaluation of agricultural environment were selected as Dolichus halensis in Hongeheon A site, as Pheropsophus. javanus and Polionemobius mikado in Hongcheon B and Yangpyeong sites.