• Health and Mission
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• s.26
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• pp.28-33
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• 2012

익산성모병원은 예수수도회 창립자 메리워드의 정신에 따라 가난한 이들에 대한 사랑과 그 시대에 가장 어려움에 처한 사람들에게 의료 혜택을 줌으로써 예수 그리스도의 복음을 전하는 취지로 설립되었다. 익산성모병원은 이 시대의 가장 힘들고 어려움에 처한 노인 분들을 위해 노력하고 봉사하는데 그 소임을 다하고 있다.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.181-216
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• 2020

The incarnation of Jesus and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being are important theological theories in their respective religions, Christianity and Daesoon Jinrihoe. Both theories are the doctrinal devices necessary for the religious description of each religion. However, this kind of study is likely to result in a theological study that generates religious apologia or explanations. Therefore, it is impossible and meaningless to define the theory of another religion as meta-discourse in terms of one's own religious viewpoint. From a traditional theological point of view, the incarnation is an exceptionalist case wherein God descended as a human being named Jesus to save humanity from original sin. In the case of Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being, its religious features appear in various forms, so the attempt to unify these two is not an objective method of religious studies. However, this paper aims to find the religious significance of Jesus' incarnation and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being by understanding them from a third-person terminology or third-person religious viewpoint rather than from a specific theological position. To this end, this paper will use Kim Jong-seo's position that the concept of Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being was borrowed from the concept of the incarnation of Jesus as the premise of the research generated in this paper. Therefore, this paper avoids the quest for "Total Christ" or "Total Jeungsan" that integrates and views the divine and human elements of Jesus and Jeungsan. This is because such a research method becomes a theological study. Instead, it excludes transcendental elements or metaphysical aspects that discuss the divine pre-existences of Jesus and Jeungsan and clarifies the significance of the incarnation and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being at the physical level in terms which are objective and verifiable. According to this research methodology, this paper develops a discussion after presupposing the hypothetical names of "incarnationist religion" and "divine descent in human avatar religion." However, the two presuppositions mentioned above contain elements of criticism that they are materialistic interpretations that completely eliminate connotations of divinity and religious significance. Nevertheless, it can be said that the two presuppositions have academic significance due to the way in which they avoid the current entanglement of transcendence and instead aim for modernistic relevance.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.10 s.365
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• pp.68-70
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• 1999

독일 쾰른 출신의 예수회 선교사 아담 샬은 17세기 중ㆍ후반 중국에 서양천문학을 전해준 대표적 과학자이다. 1613년 로마신학교에 들어가 성직자로서의 교육을 받았고 1617년 신부가 되어 중국으로 파견되었다. 중국 이름이 탕약망인 이담 샬은 서양의 천문학 시헌력을 중국에 소개, 일식을 정확하게 예보하는 등 명성을 떨쳤다. 특히 그는 당시 중국에 억류되어 있던 조선조 인조의 세자인 소현세자와도 만나 서양의 과학기술괄련 물건들을 전하기도 했다.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-170
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• 2009

We can witness the recent surge of interest in the controversy over the scientific status of mathematics among Jesuit Aristotelians around 1600. Following the lead of Wallace, Dear, and Mancosu, I propose to look into this controversy in more detail. For this purpose, I shall focus on Biancani's discussion of scientiae mediae in his dissertation on the nature of mathematics. From Dear's and Wallace's discussions, we can gather a relatively nice overview of the debate between those who championed the scientific status of mathematics and those who denied it. But it is one thing to fathom the general motivation of the disputation, quite another to appreciate the subtleties of dialectical strategies and tactics involved in it. It is exactly at this stage when we have to face some difficulties in understanding the point of Biancani's views on scientiae mediae. Though silent on the problem of scientiae mediae, Mancosu's discussions of the Jesuit Aristotelians' views on potissima demonstrations, mathematical explanations, and the problem of cause are of utmost importance in this regard, both historically and philosophically. I will carefully examine and criticize some of Mancosu's interpretations of Piccolomini's and Biancani's views in order to approach more closely what was really at stake in the controversy.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

Individuals often report significant relief from pain and stress even after a single session of massage therapy; however, no previous studies have provided objective evidence supporting the effectiveness of a solitary massage therapy session. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of one-time treatment with a spinal thermal massage device reported to exert the same therapeutic effects as massage therapy in terms of pain reduction and stress relief. A man with chronic low back pain (LBP) underwent two rounds of experiments involving spinal massage treatment and bed rest, respectively. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, and heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in real-time to examine autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Blood samples were obtained at five points during each round of the experiment to examine changes in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Spinal massage significantly reduced pain and enhanced parasympathetic activity when compared with the bed rest condition. In addition, both epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were lower following spinal massage than following bed rest. These results are consistent with the reported effects of conventional massage therapy and support the effectiveness of one-time treatment using a spinal thermal massage device.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.32
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• pp.257-287
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• 2017

It seems to be quite an ambitious endeavor to trace back the translation history of Catholic Vulgate Bible from Latin language to Asian languages since 16th century. I try to bring out the translation(translative) procedure of Latin Bible to the Chinese Version, which is eventually come up (and the latter)to the Korean Version. It has been supported and funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea. This task has a three-year plan. For the first step(operation), I examined and searched the European situation of the Vulgate Bible in the Catholic Church, i.e. the ritual use of Vulgate Bible in the Mass and the religious retreat. The liturgical texts, to begin with, were analysed to disclose how the Vulgate Bible was reflected in them. The Lectionary and the Evangeliary were the typical ones. The structure or the formation system of the Lectionaries for Mass was based on the liturgical year cycle. From this point, the Vulgate Bible was rooted in the religious life of European Catholics after the Council of Trent which had proclaimed the Vulgate to be authentic source of the Revelation, therefore, to be respected as the only authoritative Bible. How did the Catholic Church use the Vulgate Bible out of the context and the boundary (sphere) of liturgy? The Meditation guide books for the purpose of instructing the religious retreat was published and (diffused) circulated among the priests, the religious persons and even the laymen. In those books also were included (found) the citation, the interpretation and the commentaries of the Vulgate Bible. The most of the devotees in Europe read the biblical phrases out of the meditation guide books. There are still remained the unsolved problems of how to understand (for understanding) the actual aspect of the Vulgate Bible in the European Catholic Church. All the Biblical verses were translated into French and included in the meditation guide books published in France. What did the Holy See think the French translation of the Vulgate Bible? Unfortunately, there were not found the Vatican Decrees about the European translation of the Vulgate Bible. The relationship between the Vulgate Bible and the Meditation guide (Those) will be much important for the study of Chinese translation of it. The search for the Decrees and the researches on it and the European and the non-European translations of the Vulgate Bible will be a continuous task for me as well as the other researchers on these subjects in the future.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.126
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• pp.345-376
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• 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt darauf ab, Nietzsches Einstellung zum Christentum zu $er{\ddot{o}}rtern$. Nietzsche gilt als einer der eindeutigsten Kritiker des Christentums in der $abendl{\ddot{a}}ndischen$ Geistesgeschichte. $F{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche ist das Christentum nicht nur eine Religion, sondern auch eine Wertvorstellung, an der sich die $europ{\ddot{a}}ische$ Kultur orientiert hat. Nietzsche setzt sich die $vollst{\ddot{a}}ndig$ ${\ddot{U}}berwindung$ des Christentums zum Ziel, weil es der entscheidende Grund des Untergangs der $europ{\ddot{a}}ische$ Kultur ist. Ist Nietzsche Antichrist? Die Antwort auf die Frage ist sehr umstritten, denn Nietzsches Einstellung zum Christentum ist ambivalent. Freilich fokussiert Nietzsche seine Kritik nicht auf den Religionsstifter selbst, sondern auf den Apostel Paulus. In den verschiedenen Phasen seines Werkes erscheint Jesus in unterschiedlicher Weise. Er lehnt die Person Jesus nicht $grunds{\ddot{a}}tzlich$ ab, negiert aber den 'Typus' Jesus, z. B. als 'Idiot' und 'decadent'. Paulus ist der entscheidende Antipode $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche. Der Apostel Paulus ist der wahre $Begr{\ddot{u}}nder$ des Christentums und der Sklavenmoral der Christen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt Antworten auf die Fragen: Erstens, was das Christentum $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Nietzsche ist. Zweitens, wie Karl Jaspers Nietzsches $Verh{\ddot{a}}ltnis$ zu Jesus und Paulus besonders in Nietzsche und das Christentum beurteilt. Drittens, welches Problem die Interpretation von Jaspers besonders in Bezug auf seinen Begriff des 'Umgreifenden' hat.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.179-214
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• 2018

In this paper I understand Zizek's interpretation of Christianity, and examine it critically and suggest its alternative. Zizek argues that Christianity in its core is turned out to be atheist. His atheist Christianity exposes revolutionary potentials with Christianity. His exploration of Christianity is designed to fight against global capitalism. It means an ideological praxis in theory. But he is misleading in interpreting Christianity. It is his fault that while he places much stress on the participatory interpretation of Jesus's death, he belittles the sacrificial interpretation of it. For the subversive power of Christianity springs from the latter. To tell the truth, Christianity is strongly grounded on simultaneous fulfillment of both of them. Zizek. In interpreting Christianity, he delivers us uncorrect understanding of sacrificial interpretation of Jesus's death while he intends to reveal the subversive core of Christianity. In particular, he is lacking in understanding the atonement function and expiation effect immanent in Jesus's death. There is no participatory interpretation without sacrificial interpretation. In this view, Zizek's pagan Christianity has to be revised or rejected. So, I suggest it is possible through orthodox Christianity, not through pagan Christianity to restore and reactivate the subversive core of Christianity in itself and by itself. The burden of proof is up to fighting theist, not fighting atheist like Zizek.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2019

What is unknown about Leibniz (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646~1716), a great philosopher and mathematician, is that he inquired about ginseng. Why Leibniz, one of the leading figures of the Enlightenment, became interested in ginseng? This paper excavates Leibniz's references on ginseng in his vast amount of correspondences and traces the path of his personal life and cultural context where the question about ginseng arose. From the sixteenth century, Europe saw a notable growth of medical botany, due to the rediscovery of such Greek-texts as Materia Medica and the introduction of a variety of new plants from the New World. In the same context, ginseng, the renowned panacea of the Old World began to appear in a number of European travelogues. As an important part of mercantilistic projects, major scientific academies in Europe embarked on the researches of valuable foreign plants including ginseng. Leibniz visited such scientific academies as the Royal Society in London and $Acad{\acute{e}}mie$ royale des sciences in Paris, and envisioned to establish such scientific society in Germany. When Leibniz visited Rome, he began to form a close relationship with Jesuit missionaries. That opportunity amplified his intellectual curiosity about China and China's famous medicine, ginseng. He inquired about the properties of ginseng to Grimaldi and Bouvet who were the main figures in Jesuit China mission. This article demonstrates ginseng, the unnoticed subject in the Enlightenment, could be an important clue that interweaves the academic landscape, the interactions among the intellectuals, and the mercantilistic expansion of Europe in the late 17th century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.79 no.6
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• pp.323-331
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for management of pain during and after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumor. Materials and Methods: All patients were divided into non-TPVB (4 patients, 4 sessions of RFA for 4 tumors) and TPVB group (5 patients, 7 sessions of RFAs for 7 tumors). Ultrasound (US)-guided TPVB was performed at T7 level. The 15 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine was injected into right paravertebral space before RFA. If patients complained pain and asked analgesics or experienced pain with verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) of more than 4, fentanyl $25{\mu}g$ (up to $100{\mu}g$), pethidine 25 mg, and midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) were sequentially given intravenously during RFA. Results: Total intravenous morphine equivalence of analgesics before, during, and after RFA was 129.1 mg and 0.0 mg in non-TPVB and TPVB group, respectively. Conclusion: US-guided TPVB may be an effective and safe anesthetic method for decreasing or eliminating pain during and after RFA for hepatic tumor and helpful in decreasing the usage of opioids.