• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.329-332
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• 2002

We investigated the effect of Sarcodon aspratus extract on expression of cell cycle regulators. Methanol extract of Sarcodon aspratus showed a growth suppression on HepG2. As shown by western blot analysis, the expressions of cyclin A and Dl known as cell cycle regulators were decreased after treatment of Sarcodon aspratus extract. On the other hand, the expression of cyclin Bl was increased in the presence of Sarcodon aspratus extract. Furthermore, the expression of p53, a tumor supressor gene, and p27, a cell cycle dependent protein kinase inhibitor, were increased, whereas the expression of PCNA was decreased. In conclusion, our study suggests that growth inhibitory effect of Sardodon aspratus methanol extract on HepG2 is induced by cell cycle arrest in the Gl phase caused by decrease in cyclin A, Dl expressions and increases in p53, p27 expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.644-648
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• 2009

Antiproliferative effects of soy milk fermented with Bacillus subtilis from chungkukjang was studied in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The fermented soy milk by B. subtilis (B. subtilis-F-SM) exhibited 82% growth inhibitory effect at 2 mg/mL concentration, while non-fermented soy milk (Non-F-SM) showed 68%. B. subtilis-F-SM treated AGS cells induced more apoptotic bodies than the Non-F-SM treated cells. In mRNA expressions, B. subtilis-F-SM showed decreased expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and increased expression of pro-apoptotic bax. The expressions of tumor suppressor genes of p53 and p21 were also increased. These results suggest that fermented soy milk by B. subtilis exhibited higher antiproliferative activities compared with non-fermented soy milk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

The present study investigated the risk and prevalence of dysphagia as well as related factors among free-living elders. Subjects were 419 elderly men (116) and women (303) aged 65 years and older ($74.49{\pm}4.70y$) living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongbuk-do area in Korea. Data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi-square test. Prevalence of dysphagia was 53.50% among participants. Risk of dysphagia was significantly different according to age (P<0.001), use of dentures (P<0.05), and activities of daily living (P<0.05). Moreover, dysphagia risk group had significant food intake problems, including poor appetite, smaller portions to reach satiety, frequent meal skipping, as well as poor taste compared to the normal group, accompanied by high risk of weight loss as assessed by simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire (P<0.01). Taken together, risk of dysphagia was more prevalent in older people, affecting the majority of those living independently in the community. This could indicate an association with undernutrition due to factors affecting food intake.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2021

혼합대는 지표수와 지하수의 수리적 교환이 일어나는 경계부로써 1) 수문학적 관점에서는 하도와 하상간의 물교환이 이루어지는 공간으로 다양한 물리적·화학적 작용이 발생, 2) 생지화학적인 관점에서는 하상 간극수 흐름에 의한 전이대(ecotone)를 형성하여 용존산소·영양물질·용존유기탄소의 이동뿐만이 아니라 지하수로부터 열에너지·무기염류의 공급을 유도하면서 높은 생지화학적 활동과 변환을 야기하는 산화·환원 반응구역, 3) 생태적인 관점에서는 저서생물과 지하 유기체종을 특징으로 하는 서식지이나 잠재적인 레퓨지움(refugium) 등의 관점에서 해석될 수 있다. 국내 하천환경의 생태학적 지속가능성을 위한 지표수-지하수 혼합대 관리에 대한 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있지만 우리나라는 여전히 지하수의 이용 및 보전과 지하수의 안정적인 수량·수질 확보를 목표로 관리를 추진하고 있다. 따라서, 실질적인 지표수-지하수 혼합대에서 발생하는 다양한 현상의 이해나 관리방안에 관한 연구는 아직 미비한 상황이다. 지표수-지하수 혼합대에 관한 보고서, 논문 등을 종합하여 혼합대의 영향인자를 살펴보면 1) 수리수문 특성에는 수리전도도·하천 수위·하천 유속·하천수 수온, 2) 수질 특성에는 유기오염물질·영양염류, 3) 수생태 특성에는 대형무척추동물 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 지금까지 단일 연구분야의 접근방법으로 다양한 현장측정기법 및 모델링을 통한 혼합대 연구가 수행되고 있지만, 혼합대가 가지는 환경적 중요성에 대한 이해와 인식이 부족하고, 혼합대 내부에서 발생하는 복합적인 프로세스로 인해 전문가들조차 연구에 어려움을 가질 것이다. 지표수-지하수 혼합대의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 수리수문·수질·수생태 등 다양한 시각에서 접근하여 학제간 융합연구를 통해 기초 데이터를 상호교환하고, 기존의 혼합대 조사에 부족한 부분을 해결할 필요가 있다. 향후 하천 기저유출 및 혼합대 기초자료 구축, 혼합대 흐름 정량화, 하천복원사업에 의한 혼합대 영향 규명 등의 연구를 수행함으로써 혼합대를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 기술 방안을 제시할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.592-602
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• 2020

This study examined the contribution of the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease in Koreans. The subjects were 20,012 adults aged 30~74 years who were enrolled from the 2005~2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, had filled the risk factors data, and had no cardiovascular disease history. Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.3, and a weighted composite sample design analysis was performed. The contribution was obtained by applying a squared semi-partial correlation. As a result, they were higher in the order of age (63.9%), smoking (17.3%), systolic blood pressure (7.9%), diabetes (6.9%), antihypertensive medication use (3.0%), and BMI (0.9%) in men. In women, the contributions were in the order of age (54.1%), systolic blood pressure (23.5%), diabetes (13.6%), antihypertensive medication use (5.1%), smoking (3.1%), and BMI (0.6%%). According to age bracket analysis, smoking (51.8~33.7%) was the biggest risk factor, followed in order by age (26.6%) in their 30s and systolic blood pressure (17.3~21.0%) in those older than 40 years in men. In women, the systolic blood pressure (56.2~40.5%) was the main contributor to the risk factors, followed by age (24.0%) in their 30s and diabetes (13.6~32.6%) in those older than 40 years. The contribution of the income level was similar. Therefore, to prevent cardiovascular disease, various programs that reflect the contributions of the risk factors should be developed. Moreover, it is recommended to use the results shown in this study as basic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1472-1481
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• 2007

The purposes of the study were to find refined taste of ancestor through historical research about traditional cooking method and ingredient for the purpose of enriching today#s dietary life and to hand down a particular style of regional dish and excellence of nutritional aspect by providing a standard recipe and nutrition analysis data on #Dong-rae Pajeon#. To collect data about traditional ingredients and cooking method, researcher interviewed seven local natives who have kept a traditional food costumes, visited four restaurants, and reviewed ten cookbooks. The interviewees recalled and demonstrated the cooking procedure. The standard recipe of #Dong-rae Pajeon# was created after three experimental cookings, based on the recipes of the natives, restaurants, and cookbooks. According to the natives# statements, #Dong-rae Pajeon# was a special dish that was offered to the king at #Samzi-nal# (March 3rd of the lunar calendar). It was also a seasonal (before cherry blooming time) and memorial service dish of the province#s high society. The main ingredients were small green onion, dropwort, beef, seafood (large clam, mussel, clam meat, oyster, shrimp, fresh water conch), waxy rice powder, non-wax rice powder, and sesame oil which were abundant in Busan and Kijang region. Energy per 100 g of #Dong-rae Pajeon# was 148 kcal. Protein, lipid, fiber, Ca, and Fe contents were 8.8 g, 2.0 g, 8.6 g, 57.7 mg, and 1.8 mg respectively. Contents of cystine, lysine, leucine, valine, isoleucine which are essential amino acids were high in #Dong-rae Pajeon#. Fatty acids contents are oleic acid (20.5%), linoleic acid (20.1%) and linolenic acid (10.4%) while P/M/S ratio was 0.73/0.67/1.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.602-614
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• 2023

Purpose: The balance between synthesis and degradation of proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been closely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy caused by aging, cancer, and chemotherapy. Polygalacin D is a saponin derivative isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polygalacin D on myoblast differentiation and muscle atrophy in association with mitochondrial function in in vitro and in zebrafish models in vivo. Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in differentiation media containing different concentrations of polygalacin D, followed by the immunostaining of the myotubes with myosin heavy chain (MHC). The mRNA expression of markers related to myogenesis, muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial function was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Wild type AB^* zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without polygalacin D, and immunostained to detect slow and fast types of muscle fibers. The Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:mitoEGFP) zebrafish expressing mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to monitor mitochondrial morphology. Results: The exposure of C2C12 myotubes to 0.1 ng/mL of polygalacin D increased the formation of MHC-positive multinucleated myotubes (≥ 8 nuclei) compared with the control. Polygalacin D significantly increased the expression of MHC isoforms (Myh1, Myh2, Myh4, and Myh7) involved in myoblast differentiation while it decreased the expression of atrophic markers including muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)2, and Smad3. In addition, polygalacin D promoted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (Pgc1α) expression and reduced the level of mitochondrial fission regulators such as dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1). In a zebrafish model of FOLFIRI-induced muscle atrophy, polygalacin D improved not only mitochondrial dysfunction but also slow and fast muscle fiber atrophy. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that polygalacin D promotes myogenesis and alleviates chemotherapy-induced muscle atrophy by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, polygalacin D could be useful as nutrition support to prevent and ameliorate muscle wasting and weakness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2024

Purpose: Mitochondria play a crucial role in preserving skeletal muscle mass, and damage to mitochondria leads to muscle mass loss. This study investigated the effects of oxypeucedanin hydrate, a furanocoumarin isolated from Angelica dahurica radix, on myogenesis and mitochondrial function in vitro and in zebrafish models. Methods: C2C12 myotubes cultured in media containing 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL oxypeucedanin hydrate were immunostained with myosin heavy chain (MHC), and then multinucleated MHC-positive cells were counted. The expressions of markers related to muscle differentiation, muscle protein degradation, and mitochondrial function were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the effects of oxypeucedanin hydrate on mitochondrial dysfunction, Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:mito-EGFP) zebrafish embryos were treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without oxypeucedanin hydrate and analyzed for mito-EGFP intensity and mitochondrial length. Results: Oxypeucedanin hydrate significantly increased MHC-positive multinucleated myotubes (≥ 3 nuclei) and increased the expression of the myogenic marker myosin heavy chain 4. However, it decreased the expressions of muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 and muscle atrophy f-box (markers of muscle protein degradation). Furthermore, oxypeucedanin hydrate enhanced the expressions of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, transcription factor a mitochondrial, succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and mitochondrial fusion (optic atrophy 1). However, it reduced the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (a mitochondrial fission regulator). Consistently, oxypeucedanin hydrate reduced FOLFIRI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: The study indicates that oxypeucedanin hydrate promotes myogenesis by improving mitochondrial function, and thus, suggests oxypeucedanin hydrate has potential use as a nutritional supplement that improves muscle mass and function.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.14-30
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate trophic conditions of various Korean reservoirs using Trophic State Index (TSI) and predict the reservoir conditions by empirical models. The water quality dataset (2000, 2001) used here were obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The water quality, based on multi-parameters of dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), suspended solid (SS), Secchi depth (SD), chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (CHL), and conductivity largely varied depending on the sampling watersheds and seasons. In general, trophic conditions declined along the longitudinal axis of headwater-to-the dam and the largest seasonal variations occurred during the summer monsoon of July-August. Major inputs of TP occurred during the monsoon (r=0.656, p=0.002) and this pattern was similar to solid dynamics of SS (r=0.678, p<0.001). Trophic parameters including CHL, TP, SD, and TN were employed to evaluate how the water systems varies with season. Trophic State Index (TSI, Carlson, 1977), based on TSI (CHL), TSI (TP), and TSI (SD), ranged from mesotrophic to eutrophic. However, the trophic state, based on TSI (TN), indicated eutrophic-hypereutrophic conditions in the entire reservoirs, regardless of the seasons, indicating a N-rich system. Overall, nutrient data showed that phosphorus was a primary factor regulating the trophic state. The relationships between CHL (eutrophication index) vs. trophic parameters (TN, TP, and SD) were analysed to develop empirical models which can predict the trophic status. Regression analyses of log-transformed seasonal CHL against TP showed that the value of $R^2$ was 0.31 (p=0.017) in the premonsoon but was 0.69 (p<0.001) during the postmonsoon, indicating a greater algal response to the phosphorus during the postmonsoon. In contrast, SD had reverse relation with TP, CHL during all season. TN had weak relations with CHL during all seasons. Overall, data suggest that TP seems to be a good predictor for algal biomass, estimated by CHL, as shown in the empirical models.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1051-1052
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• 2003

미취학 아동기는 생후 1년 동안의 급격한 성장 이후로부터 학령기가 되기 전까지 성장이 완만해지는 시기이다. 이 시기의 아동들은 혼자 먹는 행동을 익히게 되고 식품에 대한 기호가 형성되는 등 식생활에서도 뚜렷한 개인특성을 갖게되며 이 시기에 형성된 식습관은 성인까지 이어지게 된다. 이 시기에 영양부족에 따른 신체발달의 지연이나 영양과잉에 따른 비만과 같은 과다한 신체발달의 문제점이 지적되고 있어 올바른 식습관 형성은 신체발달과 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 우리나라는 취약한 칼슘섭취 부족에 따라 골격건강에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있는데, 모든 질환이 그러하듯이 골격질환도 치료보다는 예방적인 관리가 다양한 측면에서 효율적이다. 따라서 골격건강과 최적의 신체발달을 위한 식사인자는 매우 중요하며, 일생의 성장시기에 따라 서로 다른 인자들이 관여할 것으로 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성장이 이루어지면서 식품선택의 독립성이 확립되는 미취학 아동에 있어 신체와 골격 발달에 관련성이 있는 영양섭취 요인을 찾아봄으로써 골격과 신체 발달을 위한 올바른 식습관 형성에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 46~84개월의 미취학 어린이 총 62명(남자 37명, 여자 25명)을 대상으로 어머니에 의한 설문조사를 실시하고 대상자의 신체계측(InBody, Biospace)과 손목의 골밀도(DEXA, Medilink)를 측정하였다. 설문지는 어린이와 부모의 일반사항, 어린이의 건강상태, 식습관 및 활동조사표와 24시간 회상법에 의한 식사조사표로 구성하였다. 식사섭취조사 결과는 CAN-Pro를 이용하여 영양소 섭취량을 분석하였으며, 모든 연구결과는 SAS program을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 남녀 어린이의 평균 월령은 62.43$\pm$7.26 개월과 62.12$\pm$8.85개월이었다. 출생시 신장과 체중은 남자 어린이가 50.92$\pm$2.14 cm와 3.36$\pm$0.42kg, 여자 어린이는 각각 50.29$\pm$1.36cm와 3.32$\pm$0.39kg이었다. 현재 신장과 체중은 남자 111.65$\pm$5.44 cm와 19.60$\pm$3.52kg, 여자 109.04$\pm$5.04 cm와 18.67$\pm$2.81kg이었으며, 비만지수는 남녀 각각 -2.13$\pm$9.09%와 0.22$\pm$10.49%였다. 손목의 골밀도는 남녀 어린이 각각 0.25$\pm$0.04g/cm, 0.24$\pm$0.03g/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었다. 에너지 섭취량은 남녀 어린이 각각 영양권장량의 66.43$\pm$18.58%와 70.46$\pm$20.31% 수준이었으며, 남녀 어린이 모두 단백질(124.97$\pm$37.55%, 131.24$\pm$45.49%), 비타민B$_{6}$ (152.48$\pm$47.01%, 152.95$\pm$61.77%), 엽산(106.87$\pm$40.44%, 104.52$\pm$50.16%), 비타민 E (121.04$\pm$52.79%, 113.48$\pm$75.78%)를 제외한 영양소 섭취량이 권장량에 미달되는 섭취수준을 보였다. 특히 성장기에 중요한 칼슘도 남녀 어린이 각각 권장량의 62.21$\pm$39.46%와 70.07$\pm$34.52%로 낮게 섭취하고 있었다. 모든 영양소 섭취량은 남녀 어린이간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 신체계측치와 영양섭취와의 관계에서 체중, 체수분량, 제지방량은 각각 동물성 철 섭취량과 유의한 부의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01). 골밀도와 영양섭취와의 관계에서 손목 골밀도는 식물성 칼슘 섭취량과 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.05), 특히 위쪽 손목 골밀도는 동물성 단백질, 동물성 철 섭취량과 각각 유의한 부의 상관을 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 성장이 진행되고 있는 미취학 아동에 있어 신체상태와 골밀도는 동물성 단백질, 식물성 칼슘, 동물성 철 섭취량과 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타남으로써 앞으로 이들 영양소의 섭취가 신체와 골격 성장에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 보다 세부적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.